CN110150139A - A method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination - Google Patents
A method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination Download PDFInfo
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- CN110150139A CN110150139A CN201910514711.3A CN201910514711A CN110150139A CN 110150139 A CN110150139 A CN 110150139A CN 201910514711 A CN201910514711 A CN 201910514711A CN 110150139 A CN110150139 A CN 110150139A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of moveable convenient jujube cross combination in fruit tree hybridization technique field, the method of the moveable convenient jujube cross combination is as follows: step 1: the cultivation of wild jujube seedling, grafting and parent's configuration and management, First Year cultivates wild jujube seedling, vernalization, sowing, seedling management, hardening, move basin, the specification for moving basin is 40 × 50cm, water and fertilizer management, trimming management and strong sprout, second year selects designed Parent, carry out the grafting of Parent, step 2: Space Truss Design and assembling, the tin plating thin and thick angle iron of 6 meters long of selection, fixed support intermediate plate, screw is material, this pot crossing method greatly improves space utilization rate, also improve the utilization rate of soil, liquid manure is reduced to be lost, cross combination can be arbitrarily converted according to breeding objective, it is not limited by region and space , this technical system is suitable for jujube tree crossbreeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree hybridization technique field, specially a kind of method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination.
Background technique
Crossbreeding can effectively combine the merit of each kind, cultivate excellent new of Comprehensive Traits
Kind is one of important channel of fruit breeding.Jujube tree is the fruit tree for originating in China, most national characters, but due to jujube
Flower floral organ is small, and emasculation is difficult, using conventional manual's hybridization pollination daily can only 160 flower left and right of emasculation and pollination, in addition fallen flowers
Shedding is serious, and fruit-setting rate is low, aborted embryo is serious, and crossbreeding yield only has about a ten thousandth, arduously, takes a lot of work, low efficiency.Jujube tree
Crossbreeding it is extremely difficult, the cultivar in production is mostly traditional local varieties that nature is selected, so far not yet someone
The miscellaneous jujube new varieties of work occur, and varieties distribution is low, it is difficult to realize the significantly improvement to existing kind.
Jujube tree crossbreeding practice in, once established will remove from male parent apolegamy, the hybridization of cover network control system, honey bees pollination,
The manual control that IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE and molecular markers for identification hybrid are melted into a whole hybridizes (patent No. CN101297634A), establishes
One kind is comprising being suitable for parent's configuration, the assembling of cover net Space Truss Design, the selection of gauze density, putting bee pollination management, florescence auxiliary liquid manure
And trimming management etc. technologies carry out jujube tree control hybridization (patent No. CN106665329A) on a large scale, be it is a kind of utilize Simple assembled
Rack realizes the efficient crossbreeding method under jujube tree manual control.But Parent therein is all grown in crop field, and tree body is tall and big,
And it is irremovable, cross combination selection is limited, and space and land utilization ratio be not high, can not achieve quick-replaceable cross combination, expires
The needs of the sufficient extensive crossbreeding of jujube tree.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of moveable convenient jujube cross combination, to solve above-mentioned background skill
The prior art jujube tree parents'growth proposed in art is in field, and cross combination need to be by reconfiguration, and obtaining a large amount of seeds need to wait until
Second year, gauze mesh is small, there are problems that bee death phenomenon.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of side of moveable convenient jujube cross combination
The method of method, the moveable convenient jujube cross combination is as follows:
Step 1: cultivation, grafting and the parent's configuration and management of wild jujube seedling
First Year cultivates wild jujube seedling, vernalization, sowing, seedling management, hardening, move basin, move basin specification be 40 ×
50cm, water and fertilizer management, trimming management and strong sprout, second year select designed Parent, carry out the grafting of Parent, put
Enter female parent in rack and male parent strain number ratio between 2:1-1:1, male parent and maternal is alternately evenly arranged;
Step 2: Space Truss Design and assembling
Selecting 6 meters long of tin plating thin and thick angle iron, support intermediate plate, the screw of fixation is material, sets rack width 3
Rice, 3 meters of height, length are 3-6 meters;
Step 3: rack assembling process
6 meters of thick long angle irons are cut into 3 meters, it is solid to be assembled into a subtype shape support intermediate plate using 43 meters of angle irons
Fixed, both ends directed downwardly are buried in the earth 50 centimetres and superscribe cloth at the both ends being buried in the earth, with 4 3-6 meters long of thin triangle
For iron in two door type connections by angle iron assembling, upper and lower two cross bar spacing are 1.5 meters, are fixed with support intermediate plate;
Step 4: gauze selection
60 mesh white gauzes are selected, is got up according to the sewing of rack size, rack is all covered, tense yarn
Gauze is fixed on tripod by net with silk is tied up, and finally that a side of gauze and ground junction is compact with soil, north and south face is stayed
Door;
Step 5: rack cover net management
The first tenday period of a month in May by the quasi- jujube tree whole cover net hybridized, need to have opened if back cover net of blooming before jujube tree blooms
The flower put and the young fruit tied all are extractd;
Step 6: the florescence puts bee management
Jujube tree enters mid-May after flowering stage, is put into honeybee in rack and pollinates, and one case black honey is placed in every rack
Bee, every case stay 1 honeycomb, two panels bee.With mound at the earthen platform 30 × 40cm, earthen platform, which is chosen at, facilitates crossover operation and to honeybee
The position for feeding work, honeybee is placed on earthen platform, prevents water logging, is placed container in beehive mouth and is held clear water and syrup, or
Container is placed in beehive and holds clear water and syrup, and the ratio of sugar and water lets off fireworks powder in 1.5:1, beehive and honey mixt is raised
Supporting prevents honeybee hungry to death, supplements 1 syrup and clear water during putting bee weekly, and observes honeybee amount and pollination situation, and jujube tree carries out
It to close bee door before the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in advance in the morning, open door for beehive after spraying 1 day and put bee, terminate to put in jujube tree Flowers ending
Bee, beehive of moving, but continue cover net to prevent strong wind and unexpected pollination;
Step 7: florescence auxiliary trimming management
Jujube tree duration of flowering, overstocked, the thin and delicate jujube for removing tree body middle and lower part are hung, and increase ventilation and penetrating light rate, newborn jujube head root
6-8 Secondary Branch is stayed according to growing way, every plant is stayed a newborn jujube head according to growing way, remaining newborn jujube head all removes each Secondary Branch
6-8 jujube stock pinching is stayed according to growing way, girdling is carried out to tree body;
Step 8: florescence auxiliary spray foliar fertilizer
Florescence waters 2-3 times, and interval time of watering every time is equal;
Step 9: it is managed after bearing fruit
Mid or late July bears fruit stablize after pour flood and apply fertilizer, August part prevents and treats red spider and jujube fly mosquito, and the watering of September part chases after
Fertilizer and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, the harvesting hybridization fruit after early October full maturity.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention establishes a kind of convenience, to move potting jujube miscellaneous
Combined method is handed over, seedling management, seedling management comprising wild jujube rootstock seedling, are transplanted into basin, seedling stage at hardening management (Cold Acclimation)
Water and fertilizer management, the grafting of parent, managing after grafting, the apolegamy of cross combination, cover net, puts bee pollination at the hybridization screening of Parent
The technologies such as management, florescence auxiliary liquid manure and trimming management can in high volume be hybridized by improving hybridization percentage of fertile fruit and kernel-containing rate
Seed realizes the efficient crossbreeding under jujube tree manual control.It can with being provided in place of the main difference of the former patented method patent No.
Mobile Parent, according to breeding objective, arbitrarily replacement cross combination shortens the breeding time limit 1 year, and current year obtains a large amount of hybridization
Seed increases space utilization rate, reduces land wastage, substantially increases the apolegamy and management of cross combination.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is to carry out father according to cross compatibility and breeding objective
Female parent configuration is put into rack in the Parent jujube tree potting grafted, is selected by male parent and female parent material grafting in basin
The gauze of Suitable Density, honeybee, is put into net in jujube tree flowering stage and pollinates by cover net before flowering, sprays at the florescence to jujube tree
Apply foliar fertilizer, and carry out jujube head, Secondary Branch pinching etc., to improve percentage of fertile fruit and kernel-containing rate, spend the later period to remove honeybee and cover at end
Net, in seedling stage, florescence and fruiting period reinforce water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, promote fruit development, harvested in time in the maturity period miscellaneous
Hand over fruit.
This pot crossing method greatly improves space utilization rate, also improves the utilization rate of soil, reduces liquid manure
It is lost, cross combination can be arbitrarily converted according to breeding objective, is not limited by region and space, this technical system is suitable for jujube tree hybridization
Breeding.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination, this pot crossing
Method greatly improves space utilization rate, also improves the utilization rate of soil, reduces liquid manure and is lost, and can be appointed according to breeding objective
Meaning transformation cross combination, is not limited, this technical system is suitable for jujube tree crossbreeding by region and space.
Embodiment
The method of the moveable convenient jujube cross combination is as follows:
Step 1: cultivation, grafting and the parent's configuration and management of wild jujube seedling
In April, 2017 cultivates wild jujube seedling, and vernalization, seedling management, hardening, moves basin at sowing, and the specification for moving basin is 40
× 50cm, water and fertilizer management, trimming management and strong sprout, in April, 2018 select designed Parent, carry out transferring for Parent
It connects, the female parent being put into rack is 1:1 with male parent strain number ratio, chooses 5 plants of female parent, 5 plants of male parent, male parent and maternal alternating are uniform
Arrangement;
Step 2: Space Truss Design and assembling
Selecting 6 meters long of tin plating thin and thick angle iron, support intermediate plate, the screw of fixation is material, sets rack width 3
Rice, 3 meters of height, length are 6 meters;
Step 3: rack assembling process
6 meters of thick long angle irons are cut into 3 meters, it is solid to be assembled into a subtype shape support intermediate plate using 43 meters of angle irons
Fixed, both ends directed downwardly are buried in the earth 50 centimetres and superscribe cloth at the both ends being buried in the earth, with 46 meters long of thin angle iron
In two door type connections by angle iron assembling, upper and lower two cross bar spacing are 1.5 meters, are fixed with support intermediate plate;
Step 4: gauze selection
60 mesh white gauzes are selected, is got up according to the sewing of rack size, rack is all covered, tense yarn
Gauze is fixed on tripod by net with silk is tied up, and finally that a side of gauze and ground junction is compact with soil, north and south face is stayed
Door;
Step 5: rack cover net management
May 1 by the quasi- jujube tree whole cover net hybridized, needed to have opened if back cover net of blooming before jujube tree blooms
Flower and the young fruit tied all extract;
Step 6: the florescence puts bee management
Jujube tree enters May 10 after flowering stage, is put into honeybee in rack and pollinates, and one case black honey is placed in every rack
Bee, every case stay 1 honeycomb, two panels bee.With mound at the earthen platform 30 × 40cm, earthen platform, which is chosen at, facilitates crossover operation and to honeybee
The position for feeding work, honeybee is placed on earthen platform, prevents water logging, is placed container in beehive mouth and is held clear water and syrup, sugar
1.5L is chosen with the sugar of the ratio of water in 1.5:1, syrup, and wet concentration takes 1L, clear water 4L, let off fireworks in beehive powder and honey mixing
Object raising prevents honeybee hungry to death, supplements 1 syrup and clear water during putting bee weekly, and observes honeybee amount and pollination situation, jujube tree
Bee door is closed in advance in the morning before carrying out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, opened door for beehive after spraying 1 day and put bee, terminate in jujube tree Flowers ending
Bee is put, beehive of moving, but continue cover net to prevent strong wind and unexpected pollination;
Step 7: florescence auxiliary trimming management
Jujube tree duration of flowering, overstocked, the thin and delicate jujube for removing tree body middle and lower part are hung, and increase ventilation and penetrating light rate, newborn jujube head root
6-8 Secondary Branch is stayed according to growing way, every plant is stayed a newborn jujube head according to growing way, remaining newborn jujube head all removes each Secondary Branch
6-8 jujube stock pinching is stayed according to growing way, girdling is carried out to tree body;
Step 8: florescence auxiliary spray foliar fertilizer
Mid or late May, florescence water 2-3 times, and interval time of watering every time is equal;
Step 9: it is managed after bearing fruit
Mid or late July bears fruit stablize after pour flood and apply fertilizer, August part prevents and treats red spider and jujube fly mosquito, and the watering of September part chases after
Fertilizer and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, the harvesting hybridization fruit after early October full maturity.
By the application of this method, winter jujubes in 2018 and seedless rich combination obtain hybridization fruit 100, hybrid seed 50
It is a.Winter jujube and late-maturing round bell combination obtain hybridization fruit 188, hybrid seed 76.
It was verified that the cross combination of jujube tree quick-replaceable, high-efficiency artificial control hybridization can be realized using this method, it can be primary
Property obtain high-volume hybrid seed.This method is suitable for the extensive crossbreeding of jujube tree.
Although hereinbefore having been made with reference to some embodiments, present invention is described, of the invention not departing from
In the case where range, various improvement can be carried out to it and can be with equivalent without replacement component therein.Especially, as long as not
There are structural conflict, the various features in presently disclosed each embodiment can be combined with each other by any way
It uses, the description for not carrying out exhaustion to the case where these combinations in the present specification is only to be in omit length and economize on resources
The considerations of.Therefore, the invention is not limited to specific embodiments disclosed herein, and including falling within the scope of the appended claims
All technical points and innovative point.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination, it is characterised in that: the moveable convenient jujube cross combination
Method is as follows:.
Step 1: cultivation, grafting and the parent's configuration and management of wild jujube seedling
First Year cultivates wild jujube seedling, and vernalization, seedling management, hardening, moves basin at sowing, and the specification for moving basin is 40 × 50cm,
Water and fertilizer management, trimming management and strong sprout, second year select designed Parent, carry out the grafting of Parent, be put into net
Between 2:1-1:1, male parent and maternal alternating are evenly arranged female parent and male parent strain number ratio in frame;
Step 2: Space Truss Design and assembling
Selecting 6 meters long of tin plating thin and thick angle iron, support intermediate plate, the screw of fixation is material, sets 3 meters of rack width, height
3 meters of degree, length are 3-6 meters;
Step 3: rack assembling process
6 meters of thick long angle irons are cut into 3 meters, a subtype shape is assembled into using 43 meters of angle irons and is fixed with support intermediate plate,
Both ends directed downwardly are buried in the earth 50 centimetres and superscribe cloth at the both ends being buried in the earth, with 4 3-6 meters long of thin angle iron handle
In two door type connections by angle iron assembling, upper and lower two cross bar spacing are 1.5 meters, are fixed with support intermediate plate;
Step 4: gauze selection
60 mesh white gauzes are selected, is got up according to the sewing of rack size, rack is all covered, tense gauze, used
It ties up silk gauze is fixed on tripod, finally that a side of gauze and ground junction is compact with soil, north and south face is left a door unlocked;
Step 5: rack cover net management
The first tenday period of a month in May quasi- will hybridize before jujube tree blooms jujube tree whole cover net needs to have opened if back cover net of blooming
Flower and the young fruit tied all are extractd;
Step 6: the florescence puts bee management
Jujube tree enters mid-May after flowering stage, is put into honeybee in rack and pollinates, and one case black honeybee is placed in every rack,
Every case stays 1 honeycomb, two panels bee.With mound at the earthen platform 30 × 40cm, earthen platform, which is chosen at, to be facilitated crossover operation and feeds to honeybee
The position for supporting work, honeybee is placed on earthen platform, prevents water logging, is placed container in beehive mouth and is held clear water and syrup, or
Container is placed in beehive and holds clear water and syrup, and the ratio of sugar and water lets off fireworks powder in 1.5:1, beehive and honey mixt is raised
It prevents honeybee hungry to death, supplements 1 syrup and clear water during putting bee weekly, and observe honeybee amount and pollination situation, jujube tree carries out disease
It to close bee door before pest control in advance in the morning, open door for beehive after spraying 1 day and put bee, terminate to put bee in jujube tree Flowers ending,
It moves beehive, but continues cover net to prevent strong wind and unexpected pollination;
Step 7: florescence auxiliary trimming management
Jujube tree duration of flowering, overstocked, the thin and delicate jujube for removing tree body middle and lower part are hung, and increase ventilation and penetrating light rate, newborn jujube head is according to length
Gesture stays 6-8 Secondary Branch, and every plant is stayed a newborn jujube head according to growing way, remaining newborn jujube head all remove each Secondary Branch according to
Growing way stays 6-8 jujube stock pinching, carries out girdling to tree body;
Step 8: florescence auxiliary spray foliar fertilizer
Florescence waters 2-3 times, and interval time of watering every time is equal;
Step 9: it is managed after bearing fruit
Mid or late July bears fruit stablize after pour flood and apply fertilizer, August part prevents and treats red spider and jujube fly mosquito, the watering of September part, top dressing and
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, the harvesting hybridization fruit after early October full maturity.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110959397A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-07 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting method of taxus chinensis var mairei and construction method of hybrid seed garden of taxus chinensis var mairei |
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CN101273708A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2008-10-01 | 河北农业大学 | Molecular-assisted jujube tree artificial control crossbreeding method |
CN106665329A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-17 | 河北农业大学 | Method for large-scale control hybridization of jujube trees by using simple assembly net |
CN108476856A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-04 | 李军 | A kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation |
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2019
- 2019-06-14 CN CN201910514711.3A patent/CN110150139A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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CN101273708A (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2008-10-01 | 河北农业大学 | Molecular-assisted jujube tree artificial control crossbreeding method |
CN106665329A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-17 | 河北农业大学 | Method for large-scale control hybridization of jujube trees by using simple assembly net |
CN108476856A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-04 | 李军 | A kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110959397A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-07 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting method of taxus chinensis var mairei and construction method of hybrid seed garden of taxus chinensis var mairei |
CN110959397B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-08-27 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Grafting method of taxus chinensis var mairei and construction method of hybrid seed garden of taxus chinensis var mairei |
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