CN114651555A - Early rice seed soaking and seedling raising method capable of controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water - Google Patents
Early rice seed soaking and seedling raising method capable of controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005941 Thiamethoxam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005794 Hymexazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 19
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241000235349 Ascomycota Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for soaking seeds and raising seedlings of early rice by controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water, which relates to the technical field of rice planting and adopts the technical scheme that: seed preparation: before seed soaking, the seeds are aired, awn is removed, seed selection treatment is carried out, and shrunken seeds are removed; seed soaking: soaking the prepared seeds in a container containing liquid medicine, heating by a heater until the seeds are exposed white, and ventilating and oxygenating in the liquid medicine; accelerating germination: after soaking, turning and stirring the seeds to ensure that the seeds are uniform in temperature, and controlling the temperature to stack; and (3) disinfection: adding carbendazim into the seeds, and stirring uniformly. According to the invention, oxygen enrichment and temperature control are carried out in the seed soaking process, so that the seeds are always kept in an oxygen-enriched and proper-temperature environment, the activity of the biological enzyme and the whole seeds can be improved, and the later-stage germination of the seeds is facilitated; and the seed is treated by combining with a medicament for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, so that the seed has good capability of preventing plant diseases and insect pests in the subsequent seedling raising growth process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a seed soaking method for controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water and a method for raising seedlings of early rice.
Background
The rice is one of herbaceous rice, belongs to cereals, is the most important and longest kind of grains in the genus of rice, and is different from the dry rice. The rice is planted in native China and India, and the Yangtze river basin of China seven thousand years ago, besides the rice can be eaten, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and sugar, and the rice husks and rice straws can be used as feed. The rice main production areas in China mainly comprise northeast regions, Yangtze river watershed and Zhujiang watershed. Belongs to direct economic crops. And is the staple food for one third of the world's humans.
The rice seed soaking and germination accelerating is one of the key links of rice planting. Before rice is planted, rice needs to be soaked, the rice soaking process is a water absorption process of seeds, after the seeds absorb water, the activity of seed enzymes begins to rise, under the action of the enzyme activity, endosperm starch is gradually dissolved into sugar, and nutrients needed by radicles, germs and hypocotyls are released. When the rice seeds absorb water to 24% of the weight of the rice, embryos begin to sprout, which is called chest breaking or white exposure. When the water absorption capacity of the seeds reaches 40 percent of the weight of the grains, the seeds can normally germinate, and the water absorption capacity is the saturated water absorption capacity of the seeds.
However, the seed soaking mode of agriculture in China is relatively traditional at present, and the traditional seed soaking technology is prone to causing the problems of seed rotting, bud rotting and the like due to improper operation, so that the subsequent normal growth of seeds is influenced; in addition, harmful bacteria are easy to breed on the surfaces of the seeds in the seed soaking process, and the seeds are mutually infected in the seed soaking process, so that the seeds are easy to generate disease risks such as bakanae disease and the like in the subsequent seedling raising production process.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a seed soaking method for controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water, which is relatively simple to operate, can improve the activity of seeds, promote the normal germination of the seeds, can play a role in preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the subsequent seedling raising and growing process, and particularly has an obvious effect on preventing and controlling severe rice seedling diseases.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a seed soaking method for controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water comprises the following steps:
seed preparation (1): 3-5 days before seed soaking, placing the seeds in the sun for airing for 8-10 hours, and placing the aired seeds in a drying, ventilating and shady and cool place for 12-24 hours for later use; removing awns from the seeds, selecting seeds and removing shrunken seeds; packaging the prepared seeds into bags by using seed bags, wherein each bag weighs 7-10 kg;
seed soaking (2): soaking the prepared seeds in a container containing liquid medicine, heating by a heater, controlling the water temperature to be 28-33 ℃, and continuing for 22-26 hours; regulating the water temperature to 23-28 ℃, and soaking until the seeds are whitened; the total time for soaking seeds is not more than 48 hours; meanwhile, aerating and enriching oxygen in the liquid medicine;
pregermination (3): pouring out the soaked seeds, wherein the temperature of the seeds in the middle of the bag is higher, turning and stirring the seeds to ensure that the temperature of the seeds is uniform, and controlling the temperature of the seeds to be 20-28 ℃;
and (4) disinfection: adding carbendazim into the seeds after germination acceleration, and stirring uniformly.
The invention further preferably adopts an air pump to increase oxygen at the bottom of the liquid medicine during the seed soaking process (1), and the air pressure is adjusted until the surface of the liquid medicine rolls, so that the water in the container has a higher dissolved oxygen value, and the seeds are in an oxygen-enriched state during the seed soaking process.
The invention further preferably selects that the liquid medicine comprises 150-170ppm of prochloraz, 0.018-0.022ppm of brassin and 80-110ppm of 50% thiamethoxam in the seed soaking process (2).
The invention further preferably, in the process of germination (3), the seed pile is 10-12 cm high, and 8-silk agricultural film is covered on the seed pile; in the stacking process, opening the agricultural film at intervals of 5-8 hours, turning and stirring the seeds to ensure that the seed temperature is uniform, and controlling the seed temperature to be 20-28 ℃; stacking the seeds for 2-3 days until the root and the bud of each seed are 0.25-0.30 cm;
the invention further preferably mixes the 75-85 g of 50% carbendazim seed dressing 50 jin of sprouted grain in the disinfection (4) process; and after stirring, stacking the seeds for later use, and controlling the temperature of the seeds to be 15-25 ℃.
The invention also provides an early rice seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
with seed (A): raising rice seedlings with early rice seeds obtained by the seed soaking method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seeds are dressed with carbendazim, and the bud length of the seeds is not more than 0.3 cm;
stack (B): placing the seedling trays on a shovel plate, stacking the seedling trays at a height of 25-30 trays, wherein the bottom soil of each seedling tray is sufficiently sprayed with water, and only soil is placed in the uppermost seedling tray without seeds; placing the stacked seedling trays in a greenhouse, maintaining the room temperature at 25-35 ℃, covering 8-silk agricultural films on the seedling trays, and preserving heat and moisture; stacking the plates for 2-3 days until 80% of seeds bud to 1 cm;
in the disc stacking process, if the greenhouse is a single-span greenhouse with the length of 6-8 meters, the distance between the greenhouse and the greenhouse is 2 meters, and each greenhouse is opened at the position 80 centimeters away from the ground for ventilation; the temperature of the greenhouse is higher than 35 ℃, and the greenhouse is ventilated in time.
In the disc stacking process, if the greenhouse adopts a small arched shed, ventilation is carried out after the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ and 9 o' clock in cloudy days; if the sun is ventilated after 8 o' clock; and if the minimum outdoor temperature is lower than 6 ℃, performing dual-mode coverage on the small arched shed.
When the continuous cropping late rice is raised, the seedling tray is shaded for 6-8 days in the seedling raising step.
Seedling (C): placing the seedling tray on a flat seedling bed, wherein the seedling bed cannot accumulate water; after the seedling tray is placed, the horse race water is poured once to ensure that the seedling tray fully absorbs water.
The invention further preferably, before the step of using the seeds (A), the seeds are subjected to bud-milling, the seeds are spread in a ventilated place, the thickness is kept to be 20-30 cm, the temperature is kept to be 20-25 ℃ for 4-5 hours, and the seeds are not sticky and moist when being held by hands.
The invention further preferably controls the seedlings and prevents and treats the damping off during 1 leaf and 1 heart to 2 leaf and 1 heart of the seedlings; when preventing and treating damping off, 400 ml of 3 percent hymexazol is mixed and proportioned with 60 jin of water, spraying is carried out on the seedling range of 300 square meters, and spraying is carried out on the diseased seedling tray in a double mode.
The invention further preferably controls the seedlings and prevents and treats the damping off during 1 leaf and 1 heart to 2 leaf and 1 heart of the seedlings; when controlling seedlings, 120 g of 25% paclobutrazol is mixed with 60 kg of water per mu in proportion, and seedlings are evenly sprayed with the pesticide.
The invention further preferably applies weaning fertilizer and medicine when the seedlings are in 2 leaves and 1 heart, 30 ml of 30% propiconazole, 50 ml of 25% azoxystrobin, 10 g of 1% indolebutyric acid antibiotics and 10 g of 50% thiamethoxam are used for each mu, so as to prevent and treat sheath blight and thrips and promote root growth; the weaning fertilizer adopts 20 jin/mu of 3X 15 compound fertilizer or 10 jin/mu of urea, and is applied by broadcasting.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
oxygenation and temperature control are carried out in the seed soaking process, the seeds are kept to be always in the environment with rich oxygen and proper temperature, the activity of biological enzyme and the whole seeds can be improved, the later-stage germination of the seeds is facilitated, and the seed soaking process is combined with the treatment of agents for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, so that the seeds have good self-disease and insect pest prevention capability in the subsequent seedling raising and growing process, and the harm of rice bakanae disease can be effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a seed soaking method for controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water, which comprises the following steps:
seed preparation (1): 3-5 days before seed soaking, the seeds are placed in the sun for airing for 8-10 hours, and airing illumination can promote the activity of the respiratory enzymes of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds; and (4) placing the aired seeds in a drying, ventilating and shady and cool place for 12-24 hours for later use.
Before seed soaking (2), carrying out awn removal treatment on the seeds in advance, cleaning the seeds with clear water, and removing the flat seeds floating on the water surface to obtain full seeds. And packaging the prepared seeds into bags through seed bags, wherein each bag is 7-10 kg in weight, the seed bags can cover and contain the seeds, the seeds can be kept to be normally water-permeable and air-permeable, and the seeds can be contacted with the liquid medicine in the seed soaking process.
Seed soaking (2): soaking the prepared seeds in a container containing liquid medicine, heating by a heater, controlling the water temperature to be 28-33 ℃, and keeping for 22-26 hours for one day; and regulating the water temperature to 23-28 ℃, continuing for one day, and soaking until the seeds are white, wherein the total time of soaking the seeds for two times is not more than 48 hours. In the seed soaking process, the bottom of the liquid medicine is oxygenated by an air pump, and the air pressure is adjusted until the surface of the liquid medicine rolls, so that the water in the container has a higher dissolved oxygen value, and the seeds are in an oxygen-enriched state in the seed soaking process.
The oxygen increasing mode can adopt various structures, for example, 3-4 oxygen increasing sand heads can be uniformly distributed at the bottom of the seed soaking container, and an external air pump is used as an air source to supply air to the oxygen increasing sand heads, so that the air can uniformly emerge from the surfaces of the oxygen increasing sand heads, and the air pressure is adjusted to be adjusted to the surface of the liquid medicine in the container to roll; the air feed forms the oxygen boosting state, not only can increase the respiration of seed, improves the biological enzyme activity of seed, does benefit to the follow-up sprouting of seed, and through the mode of air feed, can also fluctuate to the water and the seed in the container in addition, forms certain shock and circulation for liquid medicine in the middle of the container is more even, does benefit to the seed soaking environment unanimous of the seed of each position region.
A heating rod of about 2 kilowatts is arranged on the air head in the middle of the container, and the heating rod is covered by a shell with a through hole on the surface, so that the seeds are prevented from directly contacting with the heating rod; and each sand head of oxygenation can encircle around the shell of heating rod, heats the liquid medicine through the heating rod to the bubble that rises is produced through the sand head of oxygenation, forms the upwelling, drives the circulation of liquid medicine in the container inside, thereby makes the liquid medicine can obtain even heating effect, keeps the stable uniformity of liquid medicine.
In the seed soaking step, the used liquid medicine is a mixed medicine containing 40% of prochloraz 150-170ppm, brassin 0.018-0.022ppm and 50% of thiamethoxam 80-110ppm, and when the seed soaking liquid medicine is matched, according to the proportion of 1000 jin of water, 40% of prochloraz 210 ml, 0.01% of brassin 100 g and 50% of thiamethoxam 200 g, the seed soaking liquid medicine is uniformly stirred, and the seed soaking liquid medicine is obtained.
Wherein, the prochloraz has obvious control effect on diseases of various crops caused by ascomycetes and imperfect fungi, and has better control effect; the brassin can improve the cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and other stress resistances of crops, remarkably reduce the occurrence of diseases, remarkably relieve the occurrence of phytotoxicity, enable the crops to quickly recover growth and eliminate disease spots; the thiamethoxam can promote the seeds to quickly absorb the drug, conduct the drug to each part in the seeds, has a good prevention effect on plant diseases and insect pests, and can promote the seeds to attach and absorb other agents; by adopting the reagent with the mixed proportion, the seed can be subjected to defensive pesticide application in advance in the seed soaking process, so that the disease and insect pest resistance of the seed can be promoted, and the harm of rice bakanae disease is reduced.
Pregermination (3): pouring out the soaked seeds, wherein the temperature of the seeds in the middle of the bag is higher, uniformly stirring the seeds, piling the seeds by 10-12 cm, and covering 8-silk agricultural films on the seed piles; after stacking, the inside of the seed pusher is influenced by the respiration of the seed pusher, the temperature is increased, and the seeds are soaked in the liquid medicine, so that watering is not needed, and the agricultural film covered on the upper layer can keep the temperature and moisture of the seeds.
In the stacking process, the temperature in the seed stack is detected through a thermometer, and the temperature of the seeds cannot exceed 28 ℃; during the stacking period, the agricultural film is opened at intervals of 5-8 hours, the seeds are stirred to be uniform in temperature, the temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 20-28 ℃, and when the seeds are stacked for 2-3 days, the seeds germinate with roots of about 0.3 cm and roots of about 0.25-0.30 cm respectively, and the roots are generally controlled to be not more than 0.3 cm.
And (4) disinfection: adding carbendazim into the seeds after germination acceleration, mixing according to the proportion that 80 g of 50% carbendazim is mixed with 50 jin of sprouted grains, stirring uniformly, enabling the surfaces of the seeds to be attached with medicaments, effectively preventing and treating various diseases, carrying out preventive protection on the continuous germination and growth processes of the seeds, and reducing subsequent insect pest influence.
The seeds are stacked for standby after being turned and stirred, the stacking height of the seeds is properly reduced and is controlled to be about 0-10 cm, the temperature of the seeds is controlled to be 15-25 ℃, and the seeds are turned and stirred in time when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, so that the carbendazim can be contacted with the moisture on the surfaces of the seeds in a warm environment, the adhesion fastness and uniformity of the medicine and the surfaces of the seeds can be improved, the antibacterial effect is improved, and the harm of the bakanae disease of the rice can be effectively reduced.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a method for raising early rice seedlings, which adopts the rice seeds soaked in the method in the embodiment, and concretely comprises the following steps,
with seed (A): taking needed paddy seeds to carry out seed soaking treatment by adopting the mode of the embodiment; after seed soaking, seeds are disinfected by dressing the seeds with carbendazim, and the bud length of the seeds is not more than 0.3 cm;
then, the seeds can be trained to bud according to the requirement, the seeds are spread in a ventilated place, the thickness is kept to be 20-30 cm, the temperature is kept to be 20-25 ℃ for 4-5 hours, and the seeds are not sticky and moist when being held lightly.
Stack (B): placing the seedling trays on a shovel plate, stacking the seedling trays at a height of 25-30 trays, wherein the bottom soil of each seedling tray is sufficiently sprayed with water, and only soil is placed in the uppermost seedling tray without seeds; placing the stacked seedling trays in a greenhouse, maintaining the room temperature at 25-35 ℃, covering an agricultural film on the seedling trays, and preserving heat and moisture; stacking the plates for 2-3 days until 80% of seeds bud out of 1 cm;
in the process of stacking the trays (B), if the greenhouse is a single greenhouse with the length of 6-8 meters, the distance between the greenhouse and the greenhouse is kept to be 2 meters, and the place 80 centimeters away from the ground of each greenhouse needs to be opened for ventilation; when the temperature of the shed is higher than 35 ℃, the shed needs to be opened for timely ventilation. If the greenhouse adopts a small arched shed, ventilation is carried out after 9 o' clock in cloudy days when the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃; if the weather is sunny, ventilating after 8 points; if the minimum outdoor temperature is lower than 6 ℃ under the influence of cold air, the small shed needs to be covered in a dual mode so as to keep the temperature in the greenhouse in a proper range.
In the process of stacking the trays (B), if the greenhouse condition is not available, the seedling trays can be placed on the flat ground facing the sun outdoors, 20 trays are stacked, two layers of new 8-silk agricultural films are wrapped at high positions, the films are properly separated in sunny days or cloudy days, and the uppermost empty tray is watered. The continuous cropping late rice stacked plate covering film is placed indoors, and the film is placed outdoors to be away from the seedling plate for 50 cm for shading, and is covered with the film for moisture preservation for 2 days.
Seedling raising (C): placing the seedling tray on a flat seedling bed, wherein the seedling bed cannot have pits and accumulated water; after the seedling tray is placed, the horse race water is poured once to ensure that the seedling tray fully absorbs water for seedling culture.
During the period from 1 leaf to 1 heart of the seedling 1 to 2 leaves and 1 heart, seedling control and damping off control are needed. When the damping-off disease is prevented and treated, 400 ml of 3% hymexazol is mixed with 60 jin of water to be proportioned, the pesticide is sprayed in the range of 300 square meters of seedlings, and the pesticide is sprayed on a diseased seedling tray in a doubling manner, so that the damping-off disease and other various diseases can be prevented and treated, the crop surface is wide, the growth of crops is promoted, the seedlings are strengthened, and the effect of enhancing the rooting capacity is achieved. Controlling seedlings, namely uniformly spraying the seedlings with 120 g of 25% paclobutrazol and 60 kg of water per mu in a mixing ratio so as to ensure that the seedlings are more uniformly developed.
When 1 heart of the 2 leaves of the seedling is needed, weaning fertilizer and medicine are applied, 30 ml of 30% propiconazole, 50 ml of 25% azoxystrobin, 10 g of 1% indolebutyric acid antibiotics and 10 g of 50% thiamethoxam are used per mu averagely, and after the medicine is mixed with water, the medicine is applied to prevent and treat sheath blight and thrips and promote root growth. The weaning fertilizer can adopt 20 jin/mu of 3X 15 compound fertilizer or 10 jin/mu of urea, and adopts broadcasting application, so as to meet the nutrient supplement when the nutrient source of the seedling is changed, and strengthen the management of temperature, moisture and the like, and keep the stable growth of the seedling.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions that belong to the idea of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seed soaking method for controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed preparation (1): 3-5 days before seed soaking, placing the seeds in the sun for airing for 8-10 hours, and placing the aired seeds in a drying, ventilating and shady and cool place for 12-24 hours for later use; carrying out awn removal and seed selection treatment on the seeds, and removing shrunken seeds; packaging the prepared seeds into bags by using seed bags, wherein each bag weighs 7-10 kg;
seed soaking (2): soaking the prepared seeds in a container containing liquid medicine, heating by a heater, controlling the water temperature to be 28-33 ℃, and continuing for 22-26 hours; regulating the water temperature to 23-28 ℃, and soaking until the seeds are whitened; the total time for soaking seeds is not more than 48 hours; meanwhile, aerating and enriching oxygen in the liquid medicine;
pregermination (3): pouring out the soaked seeds, wherein the temperature of the seeds in the middle of the bag is higher, turning and stirring the seeds to ensure that the temperature of the seeds is uniform, and controlling the temperature of the seeds to be 20-28 ℃;
and (4) disinfection: adding carbendazim into the seeds after germination acceleration, and stirring uniformly.
2. The seed soaking method with controlled temperature and increased oxygen in water as claimed in claim 1, wherein during seed soaking (1), oxygen is increased at the bottom of the liquid medicine by an air pump, and the air pressure is adjusted until the surface of the liquid medicine rolls, so that the water in the container has a higher dissolved oxygen value, and the seeds are in an oxygen-enriched state during seed soaking.
3. The method for soaking seeds with controlled temperature and increased oxygen in water as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seed soaking process (2), the liquid medicine comprises prochloraz 150-170ppm, brassin 0.018-0.022ppm and thiamethoxam 80-110 ppm.
4. The method for soaking seeds by controlling temperature and increasing oxygen in water according to claim 1, wherein in the process of germination (3), the seed pile is lifted by 10-12 cm and covered with an agricultural film; in the stacking process, opening the agricultural film at intervals of 5-8 hours, turning and stirring the seeds to ensure that the seed temperature is uniform, and controlling the seed temperature to be 20-28 ℃; stacking the seeds for 2-3 days until the root and the bud of each seed are 0.25-0.30 cm;
5. the method for soaking seeds by controlling the temperature and increasing the oxygen in water according to claim 1, wherein in the disinfection (4), the seeds are mixed according to the proportion of 75-85 g of 50% carbendazim to seed 50 jin of sprouts; and after stirring, stacking the seeds for later use, and controlling the temperature of the seeds to be 15-25 ℃.
6. A method for raising seedlings of early rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
with seed (A): raising rice seedlings by using rice seeds obtained by the seed soaking method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seeds are dressed with carbendazim, and the bud length of the seeds is not more than 0.3 cm;
stack (B): placing the seedling trays on a shovel plate, stacking the seedling trays at a height of 25-30 trays, wherein the bottom soil of each seedling tray is sufficiently sprayed with water, and only soil is placed in the uppermost seedling tray without seeds; placing the stacked seedling trays in a greenhouse, maintaining the room temperature at 25-35 ℃, covering an agricultural film on the seedling trays, and preserving heat and moisture; stacking the plates for 2-3 days until 80% of seeds bud out of 1 cm;
seedling (C): placing the seedling tray on a flat seedling bed, wherein the seedling bed cannot accumulate water; after the seedling tray is placed, the horse race water is poured once to ensure that the seedling tray fully absorbs water.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of cultivating early season rice is carried out by, before the step of cultivating seeds (A), bud-milling the seeds, spreading the seeds in a ventilated place, keeping the thickness of the seeds at 20-30 cm, and keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ for 4-5 hours until the seeds are lightly held in the hands, and the seeds are not sticky and moist.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the seedlings are controlled and the damping off is prevented during 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 heart; when damping off is to be prevented, 400 ml of 3% hymexazol is mixed with 60 jin of water, spraying is carried out on the seedling range of 300 square meters, and spraying is carried out on the diseased seedling tray in a double way.
9. The method for raising early rice seedlings as claimed in claim 6, wherein the seedlings are controlled and prevented from damping off during 1-leaf 1-heart to 2-leaf 1-heart period; when controlling seedlings, 120 g of 25% paclobutrazol is mixed with 60 kg of water per mu in proportion, and seedlings are evenly sprayed with the pesticide.
10. The method for raising seedlings of early rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the seedlings are planted with weaning fertilizers and medicines when 2 leaves and 1 heart are used, 30 ml of propiconazole 30% per mu, 50 ml of azoxystrobin 25% per mu, 10 g of indolebutyric acid antibiotics 1% per mu and 10 g of thiamethoxam 50% per mu are used for preventing and treating sheath blight and thrips and promoting root growth; the weaning fertilizer adopts 20 jin/mu of 3X 15 compound fertilizer or 10 jin/mu of urea, and is applied by broadcasting.
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