CN106613583A - Rice seedling raising method suitable for mechanized production - Google Patents
Rice seedling raising method suitable for mechanized production Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613583A CN106613583A CN201610839661.2A CN201610839661A CN106613583A CN 106613583 A CN106613583 A CN 106613583A CN 201610839661 A CN201610839661 A CN 201610839661A CN 106613583 A CN106613583 A CN 106613583A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice seedling raising method suitable for mechanized production. The method includes the steps that 1) industrialization centralized seeding and germination accelerating are carried out; 2) rice seedlings are raised in a rice seedling field, rice seedling discs are moved to the rice seedling field and covered with non-woven fabric, and relative centralized rice seedling raising management is carried out in cooperation with the natural water irrigation temperature-control moisture-preserving technology, wherein industrialization centralized seeding and germination accelerating include the steps of preparing of a rice seedling raising matrix, preparing of seeds, preparing of the rice seedling discs, production line seeding, rice seedling disc stacking, and seed breast breaking and germination accelerating in a germination accelerating room. Rice-seedling-field non-woven-fabric covering rice seedling raising includes the steps of rice seedling field soil preparing, rice seedling transporting and rice seedling field management. The rice seedling raising method saves cost, improves efficiency and is easy to operate and high in rice seedling planting percent. The adaptability of rice seedlings to varied weather is improved, and particularly the adaptability of rice seedlings to weather conditions such as cold spelling in later spring is improved; the commercialization degree and the production capacity of rice seedlings are increased, and the problem that machine-transplanted rice seedlings are difficult to raise in the whole mechanization process of rice production is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice nursery method, more particularly to a kind of paddy rice nursery method for adapting to mechanization production.
Background technology
The key link of Rice Production entire mechanization is not only certainly in machine rice transplantation, difficult point in seedling, the quality of rice shoot
The yield of Oryza sativa L. is determined, can also determine rice transplanter popularization and application on a large scale.
At present, the characteristics of most of grain-production family adopts plastic film seedling-cultivation technique, this technology is that materials cost is relatively low,
Technical requirements are relatively low, but due in bed between agricultural film daytime temperature rise fast and high, day and night temperature is big, once the grasp of ventilation seedling exercising is not
When rice shoot excessive growth will be caused, cause blue or green withered, vertical withered Seedling, so needing Jing often to take off membrane cover film, cause cost of labor to increase, and
It is very high to the prescription of rice shoot plus machine rice transplantation, therefore, plastic film nursery can not meet Oryza sativa L. modern production
Need.
Some grain-production family using booth concentrate seedling-cultivation technique, this technology turn out come the quality of seedlings compared with
Height, but booth construction cost is high, for farmers' family, agricultural cooperative society are a high investment expenses, burden weight, and manage
Costly, power consumption is high, does not meet the requirement of modern production energy-conserving and environment-protective and sustainable development.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to drawbacks described above of the prior art, there is provided a kind of cost-saving synergistic, simple to operate, seedling
Seedling quality is high, adapts to the paddy rice nursery method of mechanization production.
For achieving the above object, following technical scheme, a kind of Oryza sativa L. of adaptation mechanization production be present invention employs
Method of raising seedling, 1) it comprise the following steps：Sowing and accelerating germination are concentrated in batch production；Step 2) rice seedling bed seedling.
First, step 1) batch production concentration is sowed and accelerating germination is comprised the following steps：
1st, bed soil (seedling raising ground substance) customization
Seedling raising ground substance is required：PH value is 5～6；Voidage is 65%, beneficial to root of hair；Absolute drift：≤ 10%；Nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium content：≤ 5%, too high levels easily hinder Seedling, are available for the seedling growth required nutrient of 15 days or so, inhale by land for growing field crops fertilizer later within 15 days
Receive；Each seedling disk base material consumption：4.5～5 liters/disk.
2nd, seed treatment
2.1st, seed-grain consumption：Hybrid paddy rice is 2.8 pounds/acre, and conventional Rice is 4 pounds/acre；Each seedling central kind consumption：Hybrid paddy rice
For 70～75 grams/disk, conventional Rice is 80～100 grams/disk.
2.2nd, bask seeds de- awns：Before seed selection, the in the shade ventilation of fine day is selected to bask seeds 1～2 day, hot weather not directly will be planted
Sub thin being spread out on cement court is basked seeds, and to prevent the too high embryo of burning of temperature, affects germinating power.It is noted that thin stand, duty when basking seeds
Turn over, stir daily 3 times～4 times, be heated evenly seed, operation is careful, prevent from mixing between seed breakage and kind.If not yet
There is sunlight, seed rice can be immersed directly in about 2～3 hours in 35～45 DEG C of warm water, improve the germination percentage of seed rice.
2.3rd, germination test：Taking the seed of a small amount of selection carries out germination test, and germination percentage should be not less than 91%.
2.4th, choose seeds：Make seed pure full by seed selection, germination is neat.The available selecting crude drugs with winnower of seed selection, screening or solution seed selection.
Solution seed selection yellow mud water or saline, gravity is 1.05～1.10, after solution seed selection, need to be rinsed well with clear water.
2.5th, sterilization seed soaking：Oryza sativa L. multiple diseases are propagated by seed-borne fungi, and these can be prevented and treated with Medicament soaked seed,
" imidacloprid " 10g (2ml) is added to be watered 10kg seed soaking from " making Bai Ke " or " P applied levels " during seed soaking.Sterilization combines with seed soaking
OK.The seed rice of all use pharmacy disinfections, accelerating germination again after will being rinsed well with clear water, in order to avoid affect germination.Seed soaking inhales will seed
Whole enough moisture, moisture control is 25～30%；The seed for having soaked is full, and be translucent shape.
Above-mentioned seed soaking soak time is：
Early rice is soaked seed：Conventional Rice 36～48 hours, hybrid paddy rice 12 hours.
Late rice is soaked seed：Conventional Rice 24 hours or so, hybrid paddy rice 12 hours.
The immersion way of above-mentioned seed soaking is：
Simple hydrostatic seed soaking：In immersion process, conventional Rice typically often soaks 10～12 hours, and hybrid paddy rice often soaks 2 hours,
After seed-grain is pulled out, renew water.Seed-grain is pulled out, is stood after stopping or so half an hour in atmosphere, then be immersed in the water and can continue
Immersion, enables seed-grain to fully absorb oxygen, improves the germination percentage of seed.Each immersion interim of seed-grain is as there are abnormal feelings
Condition, such as seed soaking water becomes when reddish brown or color and luster is deepened should in time change water.Seed is completed after soak time, is allowed to dry immersion and is pulled out seed-grain
Afterwards, dry in the air again after seed-grain is rinsed well with clear water kind.
Batch production running water is soaked seed：In immersion process, using cycle flowing water, increase oxygen-supplying amount, be not required to change water, work can be saved
Intensity, improves seedling ability.
2.6th, dry in the air kind：The seed for having soaked is picked up and is drained, it is preferred to use bamboo formula weaves large bamboo or wicker basket, and in the cool airing 4～6 is little
When, it is also possible to dewaterer is dehydrated, and 32% is less than as standard with bud paddy moisture content, makes seed reach wet inside and dry outside tack-free i.e.
Can sow.Drying in the air to plant is easy to streamline to sow, and improves the sowing uniformity.
3. seedling disk is processed
3.1st, seedling disk consumption：Hybrid paddy rice is 20 disks/mu, and conventional Rice is 20～25/ mu.The standard gauge of rice transplanter seedling disk inner chamber
Lattice are：Long 580mm × wide 280mm × 28mm.
3.2nd, seedling disk cleaning：The residues such as the dust, the sludge that are attached on seedling disk are purged with clear water.
3.3rd, seedling disk sterilization：The once purged fenaminosulf of seedling disk application 55%, converting 500 times of aqueous solutions carries out soaking disinfection,
Seedling is checked and regulated to be picked up after body soaks and drained.By the wet water in its bottom surface before seedling disk dress substrate, the substrate that can make fine-powdered puts into seedling disk
After be difficult from seedling try to get to the heart of a matter hole in dissipate leakage.
4th, production line sowing
4.1st, seedling raising ground substance is filled：Seedling raising ground substance is filled toward seedling disk, the size of casting valve is adjusted first, be adjusted to open
Aperture is discharged soil and just fills and leads up seedling disk, and the thickness of slightly superfluous seedling disk dress soil is struck off with the mouth face of seedling disk, depth for 20～
22mm。
4.2nd, watering amount debugging：Spread and enter after seedling raising ground substance watering section, it is ensured that each apopore of spray equipment has led to
Smooth and uniform water outlet, is dredged if any the available fine needle of blocking or filament.The adjustment water yield can not be too small or too drastic, and the water yield is too small,
The aqueous deficiency of substrate, the too drastic substrate that easily gets excited of the water yield is uneven, adjusts the optimum state of heat water valve.In general, dedicated substrate
Drenched, trying to get to the heart of a matter to drip is advisable.
4.3rd, application rate and uniformity are debugged：The sowing quantity and one mu of land for growing field crops for determining every mu of land for growing field crops first uses disk quantity,
The application rate grams according to needed for sowing quantity calculates often disk.Seeding speed is repeatedly adjusted, the grams of required often disk is transferred to always
Till.
4.4th, blinding amount debugging：Sowing terminates then blinding, and blinding is exactly, seed lid reality, seed should not to be allowed to expose outside
Face, blinding thickness is 3～5mm.
5th, seedling plate stacking
The seedling disk for completing after planting is moved down from streamline, and after nursery seedling tray bottom is no longer dripped disc stack, disc stack are carried out
Seedling disk is moved to into stacking in accelerating germination room after good to place, disk height is often stacked and is advisable with 35～45 disks, interval is 10 between often folding
～15cm, makes steam uniformly circulate, and often folds and covers diaphragm seal, does not allow moisture evaporation, heats moisturizing.
6th, the broken breast accelerating germination packing of seed
After the sowing of batch production streamline is offline, after stacking seedling disk in accelerating germination room, seed broken breast, accelerating germination are carried out, be divided to two
Stage is carried out：
6.1st, the first stage is the high temperature broken breast stage, and broken breast is exactly that bud mouth just shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and temperature control is at 30 DEG C～33 DEG C
Between, breast is fast and neat to promote seed to break, and the broken breast stage will pay special attention to its temperature, prevent high temperature from burning bud.
6.2nd, second stage is the thermophilic accelerating germination stage, and temperature control after the broken breast of seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, is fitted at 25 DEG C～28 DEG C
When the growth of control root, promote the growth of bud, make root and bud growth balance.When germination reaches standard, in germinating cabinet certainly
Bud is refined in so lower ventilation of cooling.
Seed breaks breast, accelerating germination in accelerating germination room, and time control was completed within 48 hours, and humidity is 98%.Germination
Rate reaches more than 93%, and the radical bud of bud paddy wants neat and consistent, bud 3～5mm of length or so, and plumelet is sturdy, and color is fresh white.
2nd, step 2) rice seedling bed seedling, comprise the steps：
1st, rice seedling bed site preparation
1.1st, rice seedling bed selects：Management is easy in selection, and fortune seedling is convenient, and the convenient field of irrigation and drainage is used as rice seedling bed.Rice seedling bed and land for growing field crops
Ratio is 1：(80～100).
1.2nd, the preparation of rice seedling bed seedling bed：Ploughed before winter, shallow rotary tillage, the cm of depth 8～12, raked after ploughing.Broadcast
Plant front 10～15 water harrow-like implements for pulverizing soil in the sky to rake the soil level；2 days trench digging finishing seedling beds before seedling are moved, draining is dried；Rice seedling bed surrounding furrow width 30cm, depth
25cm；Wide 1.4～the 1.5m of furrow face, 30～50cm of furrow width, deep 15cm.
2nd, seedling disk is transported
2.1st, seedling disk could disperse to be transported to rice seedling bed after must having refined bud under germinating cabinet's Temperature fall, if hot bud is gone to the field,
Plumelet is subject to quenching to stimulate, and easily produces dead bud.Preferably morning moves disk, can so strengthen the energy that seedling disk adapts to rice seedling bed environment
Power.Late rice seedling is moved out to land for growing field crops after sprouting, it is desirable to which move disk in the morning, notes moisturizing, prevents exposure, if necessary in time with the yarn that shelters from heat or light
Shading, prevents strong illumination.
2.2nd, 2 plastics seedling disks are tried to get to the heart of a matter and is close to seedling bed side by side to putting, tight tight between disk.
2.3rd, rice seedling bed is poured water, and (water surface must not have seedling until the substrate in seedling disk drenches completely to fill seedling tray bottom
Disk), water conservation drains water after 10～15 minutes.
2.4th, seedling disk is covered between two parties with non-woven fabrics, well, then seedling taking field soil is compacted non-woven fabrics surrounding for straight drawing.
3rd, rice shoot field management
Being irrigated using non-textile mulch unified with nature water during seedling management carries out temperature control moisturizing, main principle of management：
The flat ditch-water of fine day, cloudy half ditch-water, rainy day ditch are anhydrous, to guarantee that non-woven fabrics moistening is defined, throw off within 2～5 days before transplantation of seedlings to rising
Non-woven fabrics.
3.1st, from sowing to emerging, substrate need to be kept to moisten, with sharp neat Seedling.After planting 7～10 days, rice shoot was emerged to 2 leaves 1
The heart, does not typically water, and when such as moving disk, substrate bottom water is not irrigated, and can suitably be watered.
3.2nd, when the heart of 2 leaf of seedling growth 1 is to the lobus cardiacus of 3 leaf 1, see that Seedling waters, keep bed soil moistening, prevent bacterial wilt.Oryza sativa L.
The leaf phase of rice shoot 2～3, is the period most sensitive to water deficit, and seedling bed should keep moistening.
3.3rd, after the heart of 3 leaf of seedling growth 1, control water promotees root, such as rice shoot morning not guttation pearl, should water in time.It was found that
Blade has " reel " phenomenon, and water in time moisturizing.
3.4th, transplant and irrigate 1 water in first 1～2 day, pulled up seedlings with profit.
3.5th, cloth is taken off：Rice shoot is grown to after the heart of 3 leaf 1, and temperature is higher in non-woven fabrics, and take off cloth the dusk of 2～5 days before transfer,
Ventilation seedling exercising, it is to avoid high temperature causes rice shoot excessive growth.Take off after film if when running into temperature less than 10 DEG C, should pour water upper seedling disk seedling-protection,
Prevent dead seedling.
Advantage of the invention is that：
1st, sowing, accelerating germination are concentrated in batch production：Using rice special seedling raising ground substance as bed soil, move in streamline after planting
Darkroom germinating cabinet carries out disc stack broken breast, accelerating germination, can effective guarantee sowing uniform and concordance；Bed soil thickness, humidity are uniform, put down
Whole degree is high, can effectively ensure that Seedling seedling sprouts and grow the uniformity；And application rate, scientific and reasonable appropriateness can be adjusted according to different cultivars
Density, beneficial to the accurate rice transplanting of rice transplanter, can effectively prevent because of the pest and disease damage of the too high induction of density.
2nd, using raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate：Using Oryza sativa L. dedicated substrate seedling, seedling quality is good, strong stress resistance；Seedling block
Gently, about 2～3kg, and common seedling is 6～7kg, reduces carrying personnel's labor intensity；The acidity-basicity ph value 5～6 of substrate, space
Degree 60%～65%, absolute water Shuai≤10%, beneficial to seedling growth；Seedling block consistency of thickness, neat appearance, the rice shoot root for bringing out
System is flourishing, beneficial to the accurate seedling taking operation of rice transplanter；Do not take Seedling when slotting, do not leak Seedling, do not hinder seedling pin, rice shoot is turned green soon, effectively after inserting
Tiller concordance is good, high financial profit.
3rd, it is distributed to rice seedling bed Relatively centralized management seedling：The seedling disk for having urged bud is disperseed to move near land for growing field crops to be inserted on demand
Seedling field carries out land for growing field crops seedling management, and seedling field reduces carrying number of times, also reduces near land for growing field crops to be inserted, transplanting seedling taking facility
Damage because of the seedling block that carrying is caused, seedling root is damaged.
4th, using non-textile mulch seedling disk, and unified with nature water irrigates temperature control moisturizing：The heat insulating ability of special non-woven fabric itself
Can fully meet needs of the rice seedling growth promoter to Wen Guang with preferable light transmission, temperature and vapor are logical in seedbed
Cross that nonwoven surface is fine and closely woven and gap is in a limited degree to external diffusion, be not in steam coagulation, so as to grow for rice seedling
The temperature and humidity conditions of nature smooth variation are created, rice shoot uniform growth is more conducive to.Non-woven fabrics have the good breathability having with
Retractility, using non-textile mulch without taking off cloth ventilation, has altogether dispensed with the loaded down with trivial details work that agricultural film covering high-temperature takes off film, and not
With worry high temperature burn seedlings.It is simple to operate, save labor, emergence rate is high, and rice shoot is short strong, is not easy to obtain damping-off, reduce labor intensity,
Improve business efficiency.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further non-limitingly described in detail below in conjunction with preferred embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
Application time：Early rice season in March, 2015
Application site：Guigang Gangbei District positive energy service cooperation for agricultural machinery
1st, rice seedling bed prepares
1.1st, selected to be easy to manage in March 1, transport seedling convenience, the convenient 0.5 mu of field of irrigation and drainage as seedling rice seedling bed, put
The shallow rotary tillage of water 2 times, rotary tillage depth is 13 cms, after rake weeds in field is removed and is flattened.
1.2nd, the deep about 2cm of farmed rice seedling bed water level, field face eminence exposes a small amount of clod, and difference of height is less than 3cm, ploughs whole rear use
2 days heavy real.During finishing seedling bed, rice seedling bed surrounding furrow width 30cm, deep 25cm；Seedling bed silicon face is wide by 1.5, furrow width 35cm, depth 15cm, then
Draining is dried.
2nd, seed preparation
2.1st, 50 mu of cultivated area is planned, from conventional Rice：Hundred perfume (or spice) 139, common 100kg.
2.2nd, 2 fine days were selected to ted in seed in -26 days on the 24th 2 months 2015 before soaking seed.3 times are stirred daily.
2.3rd, seed germination experiment was done on 2 28th, 2015.From 3 groups, per group is the seed of 100, through seed soaking,
After broken breast, accelerating germination amount to about 96 hours, percentage of seedgermination is 94.8%.
2.4th, than kind of a seed selection：On March 5th, 2015 early 8：00,100kg seeds are distributed in 3 bamboo basket baskets, then soak
In entering the yellow mud water that proportion is 1.1, hollow kernels are removed after finishing, with clear water seed is rinsed.
2.5th, sterilization seed soaking：
2.5.1, seed is put in large bamboo or wicker basket, is then placed in special seed soaking pond, paved large bamboo or wicker basket bottom with hard thing,
Large bamboo or wicker basket bottom is not directly contacted with ground, and water did not had rice seed about 50cm in basket.Above-mentioned pool size is：Long 2m × wide 1.5m ×
High 0.8m.
2.5.2 disinfectant solution " making hectogram " 450ml, is added in pond.Seed soaking and disinfecting time：On March 5 11：Open when 00
Begin to soak seed, to 5 days 23 March：After seed soaking sterilization in 12 hours is completed when 00, carry out changing water for the first time, with clean water seed after, it is quiet
To put continue after 0.5 hour to be immersed in clear water in atmosphere and soak seed.In 7 days 13 March：When 30 seed complete immersion amount to it is 44 little
When.Water in pond is drained, with clean water seed after, seed is dried in the air kind of 6 hours in ventilating and cooling place, seed is drained
Afterwards, seeding operation is implemented.
3rd, sowing and accelerating germination are concentrated in batch production
3.1st, seedling disk prepares
Seed is conventional variety, and per mu is 23 disks with hard seedling disk amount, shares 1150.All seedling disks clear water rinses dry
After net, in the disinfectant solution for immersing 55% fenaminosulf soaking disinfection is carried out, pick up after integrally soaking drain it is standby.Above-mentioned seedling disk it is interior
Chamber size is：Long 580mm × wide 280mm × high 28mm.
3.2nd, streamline seeding operation
In 7 days 20 March：When 00, using rugged board SYS-550C type seedling plantings streamline sowing is sweared, to each station before operation
Following debugging is carried out：
Bed soil thickness is debugged：Bed soil thickness is 21mm.
Watering amount is debugged：Drenched with the dedicated substrate in seedling disk during watering, trying to get to the heart of a matter to drip is advisable.
Application rate is debugged：Per mu is 23 disks with seedling disk amount, and totally 1150 disk, shares seed-grain 100kg, then often disk sowing quantity is about
87 grams, speed of drilling is adjusted according to sowing quantity.
Blinding amount is debugged：Blinding thickness is 4mm.
During sowing, each station arranges special messenger's monitoring, such as occurs dress soil, water drenching, uneven sowing in seeding process even
Adjustment is shut down during phenomenon.
3.3rd, seedling plate stacking
Complete streamline seeding operation within 7th in March, seedling disk moved in the accelerating germination room of darkroom stacking and is placed, disc stack height with
40 disks are folded for one, fold with it is folded between be spaced 10～15cm, often fold and cover plastic sheeting sealing.
3.4th, the broken breast in darkroom and accelerating germination
In 7 days 24 March：The broken breast of seed rice is carried out in darkroom when 00, at 32 DEG C, the time is 24 hours to temperature adjustment.Through
After the broken breast of high temperature, in 8 days 24 March：Accelerating germination is carried out in darkroom when 00, to 27 DEG C, the time is 24 hours to temperature adjustment.In March 9
Day 24：When 00, through amounting to broken breast accelerating germination in 48 hours after, open darkroom germinating cabinet be aerated.Now the radical bud of seed is neat
Unanimously, Gen Bai and grow, pass in trying to get to the heart of a matter hole from seedling, bud 3～5mm of length or so, plumelet is sturdy, and color is fresh white, and percentage of seedgermination is big
In 93%.
4th, rice seedling bed seedling
4.1st, land for growing field crops is moved to
In the morning 8 March 10：The seedling disk for having urged bud is moved in rice seedling bed when 00.By 2 plastics seedling disks side by side to putting, disk
Seedling plate is close at bottom, tight tight between disk.Rice seedling bed pour water completely go up seedling try to get to the heart of a matter until substrate soil drench completely, the water surface did not have seedling
Disk, water conservation drains water after 10-15 minutes.Non-woven fabrics are covered between two parties, straight to draw, then seedling taking field soil is by non-woven fabrics four
Week compacting.
4.2nd, rice shoot management
4.2.1, from sowing to emerging, substrate moistening is kept, after planting 10 days, rice shoot grew to the heart of 2 leaf 1.
4.2.2, seedling growth sees that Seedling waters to the heart of 2 leaf 1 between the heart stage of 3 leaf 1, keeps bed soil moistening.
4.2.3, to after the heart of 3 leaf 1, control water promotees root to seedling growth, and seedling plate keeps moistening.It was found that blade has " reel " phenomenon
Or rice shoot morning not guttation pearl, water in time.
4.2.4, after the heart of 3 leaf of seedling growth 1, take off cloth the dusk of 3 days before transfer, seedling exercising of divulging information.
4.2.5, transplant first 1 day i.e. March 28 and pour permeable 1 time.
4.2.6, started in March 29 to transplant, now seedling growth is to the heart of 3 leaf 1 to 4 leaves, rice shoot height 13-15cm it
Between.Rice shoot shape such as blanket, Gen Wang and it is white, carry and do not dissipate.
Conclusion：Using method of raising seedling of the present invention, percentage of seedgermination reaches as high as 93.4%, and seedling planting percent can reach
95.3%, seedling block uniformity qualification rate reaches more than 95% before rice transplanting, and leakage is inserted rate and is less than 4%.With the seedling of non-textile mulch land for growing field crops
The seedling quality of management technique is good, Gen Wang and white, flat Pu is sturdy, Seedling endures that leaf is green, the length of time rice seedlings grow is appropriate, uniform neat, no disease and pests harm, move
Fast and survival rate is grown after cultivation to more than 95%.
Embodiment 2：
Application time：Late rice season in July, 2015
Application site：Guigang Gangbei District positive energy service cooperation for agricultural machinery
1st, rice seedling bed prepares
1.1st, selected 1 mu of field after harvesting early rice as seedling rice seedling bed in July 5, the rice seedling bed is easy to manage, transports seedling
Convenient, irrigation and drainage are convenient.
1.2nd, discharge water shallow rotary tillage 2 times, and rotary tillage depth is 12～15 centimetres, after rake weeds in field is removed and is flattened.It is farmed
Rice seedling bed water level depth 2cm, rice seedling bed plough it is whole after stand heavy real 2 days.
1.3rd, the finishing of July 7 seedling bed, rice seedling bed surrounding furrow width 30cm, deep 25cm；Seedling bed silicon face is wide by 1.5, furrow width 35cm, depth
15cm.After completing finishing seedling bed, draining is dried.
2nd, seed preparation
2.1st, from conventional seed rice：Hundred perfume (or spice) 139, common 180kg, 90 mu of cultivated area.
2.2nd, it is selected in fine day before soaking seed to ted seed 1 day, stirs 4 times.
2.3rd, on July 15th, 2015, germination test is done.From 3 groups, per group is the seed of 100, through seed soaking, breaks
After breast, accelerating germination amount to about 70 hours, percentage of seedgermination is 94.3%.
2.4th, than kind of a seed selection：On July 18th, 2015 early 8：00, in 5 bamboo basket baskets, then 160kg seeds are distributed into
Immersion proportion is in 1.1 yellow mud water, after making hollow kernels emerge, to pull hollow kernels out.Remove repeatedly, until hollow kernels are removed
Finish.With being soaked seed after clean water seed.
2.5th, sterilization seed soaking：
2.5.1, seed is placed in large bamboo or wicker basket, is then placed in special seed soaking pond, with hard thing by large bamboo or wicker basket bottom pad
Rise, large bamboo or wicker basket bottom is not directly contacted with ground, and water did not had rice seed about 60cm.The size in above-mentioned pond is：Long 2m × wide 1.6m
× high 0.8m.
2.5.2 disinfectant solution " making hectogram " 500ml, is added in pond.Seed soaking and disinfecting time：Noon 12 July 18：00
When start seed soaking, to evening 10 July 18：After seed soaking sterilization in 10 hours altogether is completed when 00, carry out changing water for the first time, use clear water
After cleaning seed, standing continues to be immersed in clear water in atmosphere after 0.5 hour soaks seed.In 19 days 13 July：Seed is completed when 00
Immersion amounts to 24 hours, the water in pond is drained, after clean water seed.
2.6th, dry in the air kind, broken breast：Seed is removed into pond, spread out in ventilating and cooling place dry in the air kind, broken breast, period is because of summer nature
Weather temperature is high, and (seed temperature is controlled between 30 DEG C～33 DEG C) during seed is drained, seed realizes brokenly breast, bud
Mouth just shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.About 12 hours, seed completes brokenly breast, drain after, implement seeding operation.
3rd, sowing and accelerating germination are concentrated in batch production
3.1st, seedling disk prepares
3.1.1, seed is conventional variety, and per mu is 23 disks with hard seedling disk amount, shares 2070.
3.1.2 after, being rinsed well with clear water, soaking disinfection is carried out in the disinfectant solution for immersing 55% fenaminosulf, seedling checks and regulates body
Pick up after soaking drain it is standby.
3.2nd, streamline seeding operation
Afternoon 4 July 19：When 00, using rugged board SYS-550C type seedling plantings streamline sowing is sweared, to each before operation
Station has carried out following debugging：
Bed soil thickness is debugged：Bed soil thickness is 22mm.
Watering amount is debugged：Drenched with the dedicated substrate in seedling disk during watering, trying to get to the heart of a matter to drip is advisable.
Application rate is debugged：Per mu is 23 disks with seedling disk amount, and totally 2070 disk, shares seed-grain 180kg, then often disk sowing quantity is about
87 grams, speed of drilling is adjusted according to sowing quantity.
Blinding amount is debugged：Blinding thickness is 5mm.
During sowing, each station arranges special messenger's monitoring, such as occurs dress soil, water drenching, uneven sowing in seeding process even
Adjustment is shut down during phenomenon.
3.3rd, seedling plate stacking
3.3.1, in 19 days 20 July：Streamline seeding operation is completed when 00, indoors places seedling disk stacking, disc stack is high
Degree is one to fold with 40 disks, fold with it is folded between be spaced 10～15cm, often fold and cover plastic sheeting and seal.
3.4th, breast accelerating germination is broken
Summer weather temperature in 25-33 or so, without the need in darkroom temp accelerating germination.In the morning 8 July 20：When 00, that is, fold
Disk accelerating germination has been realized having urged bud after 12 hours.The now radical bud neat and consistent of seed, Gen Bai and grow, pass in trying to get to the heart of a matter hole from seedling,
Bud 3～5mm of length or so, plumelet is sturdy, and color is fresh white, and percentage of seedgermination is more than 94.7%.
4th, rice seedling bed seedling
4.1st, land for growing field crops is moved to
In the afternoon 17 were selected in July 20：When 00, the seedling disk for having urged bud is moved in rice seedling bed.2 plastics seedling disks are arranged side by side
To putting, try to get to the heart of a matter and be close to seedling plate, tight tight between disk.Rice seedling bed pour water completely go up seedling try to get to the heart of a matter until substrate soil drench completely, the water surface does not have
Have not seedling disk, water conservation drains water after 10-15 minutes.Non-woven fabrics are covered between two parties, straight to draw, then seedling taking field soil will
Non-woven fabrics surrounding is compacted.
4.2nd, rice shoot management
4.2.1, from sowing to emerging, substrate moistening is kept, after planting 8 days, rice shoot grew to the heart of 2 leaf 1.
4.2.2, seedling growth sees that Seedling waters to the heart of 2 leaf 1 between the heart stage of 3 leaf 1, keeps bed soil moistening.
4.2.3, to after the heart of 3 leaf 1, control water promotees root to seedling growth, and seedling plate keeps moistening.It was found that blade has " reel " phenomenon
Or rice shoot morning not guttation pearl, water in time.
4.2.4, after the heart of 3 leaf of seedling growth 1, take off cloth the dusk of 3 days before transfer, seedling exercising of divulging information.
4.2.5, transplant first 1 day i.e. August and pour within 4th permeable 1 time.
4.2.6, start within 5th to transplant in August, now seedling growth is to the heart of 3 leaf 1 to 4 leaves, rice shoot height 13-15cm it
Between.Rice shoot shape such as blanket, Gen Wang and it is white, carry and do not dissipate.
Conclusion：Using method of raising seedling of the present invention, percentage of seedgermination reaches as high as 94.7%, and seedling planting percent can reach
96%, seedling block uniformity qualification rate reaches more than 94% before rice transplanting, and leakage is inserted rate and is less than 4%.With non-textile mulch land for growing field crops seedling pipe
The seedling quality of reason technology is good, Gen Wang and white, flat Pu is sturdy, Seedling endures that leaf is green, the length of time rice seedlings grow is appropriate, uniform neat, no disease and pests harm, transplant
Fast and survival rate is grown afterwards to more than 96%.
Embodiment 3：
Application time：Early rice season in March, 2015
Application site：Binyang County Shuo Yuan service cooperation for agricultural machinery
1st, rice seedling bed prepares
1.1st, in March 3 0.9 mu of field was selected as seedling rice seedling bed.It is easy to manage, transports seedling convenience, irrigation and drainage conveniently in rice seedling bed.
1.2nd, discharge water shallow rotary tillage 2 times, and rotary tillage depth is 15 centimetres, after rake weeds in field is removed and is flattened.It is whole good to plough
Rice seedling bed water level depth 2cm, rice seedling bed is ploughed whole rear heavy real 3 days.
1.3rd, the finishing of March 6 seedling bed, rice seedling bed surrounding furrow width 30cm, deep 25cm；Seedling bed silicon face is wide by 1.5, furrow width 35cm, depth
15cm.After completing finishing seedling bed, draining is dried.
2nd, seed preparation
2.1st, hybrid paddy rice, common 112kg is selected to plan 80 mu of cultivated area.
2.2nd, before soaking seed, it is selected in fine day and teds seed 2 days in -5 days on the 4th March in 2015,4 times is stirred daily.
2.3rd, in morning 8 on March 6th, 2015：00 does seed germination experiment.From 3 groups, per group is entered for the seed of 100
Row germination test, after seed soaking, broken breast, accelerating germination amount to about 84 hours, percentage of seedgermination is 94%.
2.4th, specific gravity selection：On March 10th, 2015 early 8：00, in 3 bamboo basket baskets, then 112kg seeds are distributed into
Immersion proportion is in 1.05 saline, to be immersed in the water again after large bamboo or wicker basket is integrally lifted, or in water with handss by the seed in large bamboo or wicker basket
Agitation, after making hollow kernels emerge, pulls hollow kernels out.Remove repeatedly, until hollow kernels are removed finishing, then seed is rinsed with clear water.
2.5th, sterilization seed soaking：
2.5.1) seed is placed in large bamboo or wicker basket, is then placed in special seed soaking pond, with hard thing by large bamboo or wicker basket bottom pad
Rise, large bamboo or wicker basket bottom is not directly contacted with ground, and water did not had rice seed about 50cm in basket.The size in above-mentioned pond is：It is long
1.8m × wide 1.2m × high 0.8m.
2.5.2 disinfectant solution " making hectogram " 500ml, is added toward pond.
Seed soaking and disinfecting time：Morning 9 March 10：Start seed soaking when 00, during to the morning 11, complete seed soaking sterilization in 2 hours
Afterwards, carry out changing water for the first time, after clean water seed, standing continues to be immersed in clear water in atmosphere after 0.5 hour soaks seed.
Thereafter continue to soak 10 hours, in the process, per 2-3 hours a clear water is changed.In evening 23 March 10：When 00, seed is complete
Amount to 12 hours into immersion, the water in pond drained, then with clean water seed after, seed is removed into pond, it is cloudy in ventilation
Liang Chu dries in the air and plants 8 hours, after seed is drained, implements seeding operation.
3rd, sowing and accelerating germination are concentrated in batch production
3.1st, seedling disk prepares
3.1.1, seed is Hybrid, and per mu is 20 disks with hard seedling disk amount, shares 1600, the interior chamber size of seedling disk
For：Long 580mm × wide 280mm × high 28mm.
3.1.2 after, clear water is rinsed well, soaking disinfection is carried out in the disinfectant solution for immersing 55% fenaminosulf, seedling checks and regulates body leaching
Pick up after wet drain it is standby.
3.2, streamline seeding operation
When the March morning 8 on the 11st, using rugged board SYS-550C type seedling plantings streamline sowing is sweared, to each work before operation
Position has carried out following debugging：
Bed soil thickness is debugged：Bed soil thickness is 20mm.
Watering amount is debugged：Drenched with the dedicated substrate in seedling disk during watering, trying to get to the heart of a matter to drip is advisable.
Application rate is debugged：Per mu is 20 disks with seedling disk amount, and totally 1600 disk, shares seed-grain 112kg, then often disk sowing quantity is about
70 grams, speed of drilling is adjusted according to sowing quantity.
Blinding amount is debugged：Blinding thickness is 3mm.
During sowing, each station arranges special messenger's monitoring, such as occurs dress soil, water drenching, uneven sowing in seeding process even
Adjustment is shut down during phenomenon.
3.3rd, seedling plate stacking：
In the morning 11 March 11：Streamline seeding operation is completed when 00, seedling disk is moved to into darkroom accelerating germination room Zhong Dui and is stacked
Put, disc stack height is one to fold with 40 disks, fold with it is folded between be spaced 12～15cm, often fold and cover plastic sheeting and seal.
3.4th, the broken breast in darkroom and accelerating germination
Afternoon 15 March 11：The broken breast of seed rice is carried out in darkroom when 00, at 31 DEG C, the time is 24 hours to temperature adjustment.
After the broken breast of high temperature, afternoon 15 March 12：Accelerating germination is carried out in darkroom when 00, to 25 DEG C, the time is 24 little to temperature adjustment
When.After through amounting to broken breast accelerating germination in 48 hours, afternoon 15 March 13：When 00, open darkroom germinating cabinet and be aerated.Now
The radical bud neat and consistent of seed, Gen Bai and grow, pass in trying to get to the heart of a matter hole from seedling, bud 3～5mm of length or so, plumelet is sturdy, and color is fresh
In vain, percentage of seedgermination is more than 94%.
4th, rice seedling bed seedling
4.1st, land for growing field crops is moved to
In the morning 8 March 14：The seedling disk for having urged bud is moved in rice seedling bed when 00.By 2 plastics seedling disks side by side to putting, disk
Seedling plate is close at bottom, tight tight between disk.Rice seedling bed pour water completely go up seedling try to get to the heart of a matter until substrate soil drench completely, the water surface did not have seedling
Disk, water conservation drains water after 10-15 minutes.Non-woven fabrics are covered between two parties, straight to draw, then seedling taking field soil is by non-woven fabrics four
Week compacting.
4.2nd, rice shoot management
4.2.1, from sowing to emerging, substrate moistening is kept, after planting 9 days, i.e. the rice shoot of March 23 has grown to 2 leaves 1
The heart.
4.2.2, seedling growth sees that Seedling waters to the heart of 2 leaf 1 between the heart stage of 3 leaf 1, keeps bed soil moistening.
4.2.3, to after the heart of 3 leaf 1, control water promotees root to seedling growth, and seedling plate keeps moistening.Such as find that blade has " reel " existing
As or rice shoot morning not guttation pearl, water in time.
4.2.4, after the heart of 3 leaf of seedling growth 1, take off cloth the dusk of 3 days before transfer, seedling exercising of divulging information.
4.2.5, transplant first 1 day i.e. March 30 and pour permeable 1 time.
4.2.6, started in March 31 to transplant, now seedling growth is to the heart of 3 leaf 1 to 4 leaves, rice shoot height 13-15cm it
Between.Rice shoot shape such as blanket, Gen Wang and it is white, carry and do not dissipate.
Conclusion：Using method of raising seedling of the present invention, this application example percentage of seedgermination reaches as high as 93.8%, seedling planting percent
94.6% is can reach, seedling block uniformity qualification rate reaches more than 94% before rice transplanting, and leakage is inserted rate and is less than 4%.It is big with non-textile mulch
The seedling quality of field seedling management technique is good, Gen Wang and white, flat Pu is sturdy, Seedling endures that leaf is green, the length of time rice seedlings grow is appropriate, uniform neat, disease-free
Insect pest, grows fast and survival rate to more than 97% after transplanting.
Society, environmental benefit that the present invention is realized, scientific and technological progress is as follows：
1st, social benefit
1.1st, Rice Production entire mechanization is crucial in the machine transplanting of rice, and in seedling, it is Oryza sativa L. that country facilities seedling is most of to difficult point
Rice transplanter is used by oneself, it is impossible to is provided commercialization rice shoot, it is impossible to provide socialized service system, is constrained Oryza sativa L. and plant Mechanization Development.And
The raising rice seedlings new technique of this invention, the rice seedling that can be cultivated is uniform, healthy and strong, neat, and for peasant household high-quality seedling is provided
Seedling, in southern double cropping of rice area, can effectively mitigate the impact of " cold spell in later spring ", be that peasant household wins the time of planting, and realize raising rice seedlings
Standardization, for seedling commercialization, provide technical guarantee for transplanting mechanization, to promote home farm, big farming household and specialty close
The development of the novel agricultural supplier such as society has very big effect.
1.2nd, sowing, accelerating germination is concentrated to combine the pattern of non-textile mulch land for growing field crops Relatively centralized seedling management using batch production,
For comparing traditional booth industrial sprout cultivation technology, cost of investment can be greatly reduced.Seedling raising on non-woven fabric clothes eliminate seedling greenhouse,
Seedling frame, refining seedling place, sprinkling equipment etc., because seedlings link is few, the cost of labor of generation is also accordingly reduced.Seedling disk swings in seedling
Tian Hou, is managed using non-textile mulch unified with nature water control temperature moisturizing seedling-cultivation technique, and rice shoot (moves to seedling before tri-leaf period
15 days behind field) without the need for frequently carrying out taking off film ventilating management as being covered with common plasticses agricultural film, nonwoven is removed after tri-leaf period
Cloth, only need to be managed to rice seedling bed water level, keep bed soil moistening to meet the normal growth of rice shoot, enormously simplify rice seedling bed
Daily management mission.Save labor, application simple to operate, easy to spread.
2nd, environmental benefit
The present invention is, using rice special seedling raising ground substance, sowing, accelerating germination to be concentrated in factory, with reference to seedling disk, seed disinfection
And the techniques of pest control, seedling disk is distributed to rice seedling bed non-textile mulch Relatively centralized seedling management binding pattern.Seedling cultivation of rice
Special non-woven fabric service life is 3～4 years, suitable with agricultural film.With non-textile mulch, can insect prevention diseases prevention moisturizing again, seeding stage can
Do not go and buy Chinese medicine, effectively reduce the persticide residue in rice shoot, be that exploitation organic rice production is had laid a good foundation.Non-woven fabrics ratio
Agricultural film is easy to degraded, and the pollution to environment is minimum.
3rd, to scientific and technological progress impetus
The present invention can the current Rice Production agricultural machinery of effectively solving and agronomy fusion deficiency, raising rice seedlings hardly possible and rice transplanting mechanization
Level is low, and socialized service system is indifferent, promotes rice shoot standardization, commercialization process, specification seedling cargo handling operation to reduce peasant
Dispersion seedling risk, improves the scientific and technological content that rice mechanization produces seedling-cultivation technique.
It is pointed out that above-mentioned preferred embodiment technology design only to illustrate the invention and feature, its object is to
Allow person skilled in the art will appreciate that present disclosure and implement according to this, protection of the invention can not be limited with this
Scope.All equivalence changes made according to spirit of the invention or modification, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of adapt to mechanization production paddy rice nursery method, it is characterised in that methods described include step 1) batch production collection
Middle sowing and accelerating germination, and step 2) rice seedling bed seedling, wherein,
The step 1) batch production concentration is sowed and accelerating germination comprises the steps again：
1.1) seedling raising ground substance is prepared, the pH value of the seedling raising ground substance is 5～6, and voidage is 65%, and absolute drift is less than or equal to
10%, N-P-K content is less than or equal to 5%；
1.2) seed treatment, including de- awns of basking seeds, germination test, seed selection, sterilization seed soaking, kind of drying in the air；
1.3) seedling disk is processed, including cleaning, sterilization；
1.4) production line sowing：Fill up seedling raising ground substance toward seedling disk first, watering makes it drench, then the basis on seedling raising ground substance
Seed-grain consumption requires uniform sowing, and sowing terminates rear blinding, and the thickness of blinding is 3～5mm；
1.5) seedling plate stacking：Seedling disk is stacked in accelerating germination room, it is 35～45 disks often to fold quantity, often fold 10～15cm of interval, often folded
Cover diaphragm seal；
1.6) the broken breast accelerating germination packing of seed：After disc stack, seed broken breast, accelerating germination are carried out in accelerating germination room, the first stage is broken for high temperature
Breast, temperature is 30～33 DEG C, and second stage is thermophilic accelerating germination, and temperature is 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, and the total time in two stages is less than 48
Hour, overall process humidity is 98%；
The step 2) rice seedling bed seedling comprises the steps again：
2.1) rice seedling bed site preparation：Front 10～15 water in the sky of sowing is ploughed and raked the soil level, and making of seedling bed of ditching, draining is dried, and moves 2 days finishing seedlings before disk
Bed；
2.2) seedling disk is transported：Seedling disk moves to rice seedling bed after being naturally cooling to room temperature in accelerating germination room, preferably in the morning or uses sun-proof measure
Shifting disk is carried out, disk process is moved and is wanted moisturizing；
2.3) rice shoot field management：Seedling disk moves to rice seedling bed non-textile mulch, and unified with nature water irrigates the relative collection of temperature control moisturizing
Middle seedling management, management includes moisture management and temperature treatment, wherein,
Moisture management is：From sowing to emerging, seedling raising ground substance moistening is kept, with sharp neat Seedling；When the heart of 2 leaf of seedling growth 1 is to 3 leaves 1
Lobus cardiacus, sees that Seedling waters, and keeps bed soil moistening, prevents bacterial wilt；After the heart of 3 leaf of seedling growth 1, control water promotees root；Transplant it is front 1～
1 water is irrigated within 2 days, is pulled up seedlings with profit；
Temperature treatment：Rice shoot is grown to after the heart of 3 leaf 1, and temperature is higher in non-woven fabrics, to be risen and throw off non-woven fabrics within 2～5 days before transplantation of seedlings, is led to
Wind seedling exercising, it is to avoid high temperature causes rice shoot excessive growth；Take off after film if when running into temperature less than 10 DEG C, should pour water upper seedling disk seedling-protection, prevent
Only dead seedling.
2. it is according to claim 1 adapt to mechanization production paddy rice nursery method, it is characterised in that the step 1.2)
Seed treatment comprises the steps：
1.2.1) bask seeds de- awns：When having sunlight, seed is placed on in the shade ventilation and is basked seeds 1～2 day, during without sunlight, by seed
It is immersed in 2～3 hours in the water that water temperature is 35～45 DEG C；
1.2.2) germination test：Seed after basking seeds is carried out into germination test, it is qualified that germination percentage is not less than 91%；
1.2.3) choose seeds：The seed of pass the test is chosen seeds using selecting crude drugs with winnower, screening or solution, the solution that solution choosing is used
For yellow mud water or saline, gravity is 1.05～1.10；
1.2.4) sterilization seed soaking：The seed chosen is put in sterilization seed-soaking liquid, sterilizing to be combined with seed soaking is carried out, early rice conventional Rice
Leaching 36～48 hours, early rice hybrid paddy rice soaks 12 hours, and late rice conventional Rice soaks 24 hours, and late rice hybrid paddy rice soaks 12 hours, is intended to make
Seed moisture proportion is 25～30%；The sterilization seed-soaking liquid is watered Bai Ke 2ml plus imidacloprid 10g from medicament in proportion
10kg；After sterilization seed soaking, rinsed well with clear water；
1.2.5) kind of drying in the air：The seed for having soaked is rinsed well with clear water, is pulled out and is drained or be dehydrated, be less than bud paddy moisture content
32%.
3. the paddy rice nursery method for adapting to mechanization production according to claim 2, it is characterised in that sterilization seed soaking
Including hydrostatic seed soaking and the seed soaking of batch production running water, wherein hydrostatic seed soaking conventional Rice often soaks and renews within 10～12 hours water, hybridizes water
Rice is often soaked and renews within 2 hours water, and the seed soaking of batch production running water uses cycle flowing water, increases oxygen-supplying amount, is not required to change water.
4. it is according to claim 1 adapt to mechanization production paddy rice nursery method, it is characterised in that the step 1.3)
In seedling disk sterilization use 55% fenaminosulf, converting 500 times of aqueous solutions carries out soaking disinfection.
5. it is according to claim 1 adapt to mechanization production paddy rice nursery method, it is characterised in that the step 2)
Rice seedling bed selects to be easy to management, and fortune seedling is convenient, the convenient field of irrigation and drainage, and rice seedling bed and land for growing field crops ratio are 1：(80～100).
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