CN109258284A - A kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea - Google Patents
A kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-quality excellent production cultural methods of selenium-rich green tea, specifically includes the following steps: (one), tea tree seed integrated treatment;(2), sowing is cultivated with tea shoot;(3), processing and site preparation basal dressing are selected to tea tree planting;(4), transplanting and field management;(5), tealeaves harvests.Technology path of the invention includes: to onlap legal processes tea tree seed using double, by ultrasonic wave, hypergravity and the collective effect for facilitating liquid, improves percentage of seedgermination and germinating energy, the tea tree seedling growth cultivated is good;It is rich in the base manure and soil conditioner of a variety of biological organic ingredients by applying, improves soil nutrient content, improves soil environment, to be conducive to growth of tea plant development;By applying selenium-rich rich water solution in tea shoot cultivation and subsequent stage of topdressing, supplemented with tea tree for the absorption source of microelement, and tea leaf quality is improved, reached the breeding objectives of the excellent production of selenium-rich high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the high-quality excellent production cultural methods in tea tree planting field more particularly to a kind of selenium-rich green tea.
Background technique
Tea tree (Camellia sinensis) Theaceae, Camellia shrub or dungarunga, integrated distribution 16 degree of south latitude extremely
Between 30 degree of north latitude, light-loving and shade-tolerating, suitable growth is under the climatic environment of warm and moist.Tea tree has high economic value,
The leaf of tea tree can be extracted oil with tea making, seed, and Stemwood quality is fine and closely woven, can be used for carving, and tealeaves has very high medicine
With value, the organic chemical composition contained is up to more than 450 kinds, and inorganic elements is up to more than 40 kinds, main component catechin
With it is anti-oxidant, it is anti-mutation, it is antitumor, reduce blood in cholesterol, inhibit blood pressure increase, inhibit platelet aggregation, antibacterial,
Antiallergy and other effects is extraordinary health care product.China is to find tea tree and the country using tea tree, tea tree earliest in the world
It is the important industrial crops in China, while is also the name cards of China in the world.Tea tree was by plantation in 1 year and 3 years
There can be 50 years income time after managing and protecting.With the continuous improvement of people's living standards to crops especially tealeaves
More stringent requirements are proposed for quality.
The current propagation method of tea tree mostly uses seed after planting, then band root cultivation seedling-cultivating method, seminal propagation itself have
The advantageous aspects such as propagation material carries, transport and storage are convenient, and descendant inheritting information is complete, promotes tea tree breed gene exchange,
And it is more developed by tea root that seminal propagation comes out, bury it is deep, obtain advantage to enhance tea tree drought resistance and nutrition,
Further may advantageously facilitate Tea Germplasm utilize with innovation, therefore explore more excellent better tea tree seminal propagation technology,
It is required in Tea Breeding and cultivation production.Germination of tea seed is the key that tea tree seminal propagation processing stage, general feelings
Under condition, tea seed, which will after planting arrive, just to be started to be unearthed in 5-6 month, and July, neat seedling, was urged in south China and southwestern part tea area and process
The tea seed of bud processing, it is unearthed between 4-5 month can be advanceed to, the 5-6 month neat seedling, this meets often, and dry weather, emergence rate be low, growth of seedling
Bad, the problems such as resistance is weak, therefore research and probe can be improved tea tree seeding ratio and enhance seedling resistance technology
It is of far-reaching significance.
Selenium is indispensable one of the microelement of human body, and content in nature is rare and is distributed dispersion, China
There are about 72% Soils In The Regions to be in selenium deficiency and low selenium state.In recent years, researchers turn the absorption of selenium in cereal crops
Transport regulation rule aspect has carried out a large amount of research, and has tentatively grasped different cereal crops to the absorption characteristic of selenium.Tea tree is as one
Kind has the industrial crops of stronger selenium rich ability, and the intracorporal selenium of tea tree exists mostly in the form of organic compound, is ideal natural
Se content in tea tree body can be improved by modes such as soil spraying selenium or Foliar application of selenium at present in selenium-rich resource.
Hypergravity processing seed can induce it and generate a series of biochemical reactions in vivo.Plant is under the conditions of hypergravity
The peroxidation of membrane lipids induced with accumulated active oxygen is closely related, and stronger POD and SOD activity makes in body in plant body
Reactive oxygen species and free radicals maintain a reduced levels, alleviate damage of the Lipid peroxidation metabolism to membranous system, ensure that membranous system
Integrality under high speed gravity condition and suitable time processing can biggish raisings SOD it is active.Correlative study shows
Crop can be improved to the adaptability of adverse circumstance in hypergravity processing, this technology can be used as a kind of method for treating seeds resisting for tea tree
In inverse cultivation practices.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of existing cultivation technique, proposes one kind by double and onlaps legal processes tea tree kind
Son, application base manure improvement soil and the method for applying selenium-rich rich water solution raising tea tree quality.
To realize above-mentioned target, a kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method technology path of selenium-rich green tea of proposition of the invention is such as
Under:
A kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1), tea tree seed integrated treatment: early November to mid-December onlaps legal processes tea tree seed using double, specifically
Method are as follows:
1, seed preferably with pretreatment: first with clear water eluriate the tea tree seed through 3-5 DEG C of cryopreservation, except prevent or cure a disease, it is miscellaneous, flat, broken
Seed after select diameter 12mm or more, 100-grain weight be not less than 100g tea tree seed, installed with ventilative agricultural non-woven bag
Cloth bag is placed in the water pressure chamber of methane-generating pit by seed, is taken out after 4-6 days spare;
2, seed disinfection with facilitate: by the seed that upper step is handled well first use 0.4-0.5% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 20-
Then 30min is used aseptic water washing 2-3 times;Seed immersion after flushing is facilitated in liquid, liquid is facilitated and is placed in DS-8510DT type
In supersonic generator, under 38-42 DEG C, 2000-2600Hz frequency, 10-20min is handled per hour, persistently handles 4-6h;Its
Hypergravity processing is carried out to seed afterwards: using JXN-26 intelligent high-efficient centrifuge at 800-1200xg, being continued at hypergravity
Manage seed 40-60min;It is spare wait sow after the completion of processing;
(2), it sows and is cultivated with tea shoot: the seed that upper step is handled well is being covered with by hill spacing 20-30cm, line-spacing 30-40cm sowing
In the nursery of 5-8cm thickness nutrient matrix, every bunch planting 2-4 tea tree seeds, sowing quantity is in 15-20kg per acre;After planting it is watered with water
And on blinding, then uniform fold one layer of 3-5cm thickness stalk;It is primary using drip irrigation zone application every 10-14 days after emerging
20% selenium-rich rich water solution, amount of application 1-2L/m2, until tea shoot is long to the specification that is out of the garden;Remaining management measure is the same as general nuisanceless
Tea shoot implantation methods;
(3), processing and site preparation basal dressing: late September next year are selected to tea tree planting, selection of land, site preparation is carried out, crosses and determine row, apply
The farming operations such as base manure and soil conditioner, the specific steps are as follows:
1, traffic and the convenient yellow mud bar soil of irrigation and drainage or red soil area are selected as tea tree planting, to selected planting site into
Row entirely cultivate plough with step processing after, tea place cross by line-spacing 100-150cm determine row operation, every line width 80-120cm;
After impurity in soil in selected growing area is removed completely, the ditch of wide 20-30cm, depth 25-35cm are opened along the plantation line marked
And apply base manure and soil conditioner;
2, basal dressing and soil conditioner:
Base manure ingredient is by weight: hog manure 100-120, corn stover 30-40, dregs of beans cake 10-20, potato cane leaves 10-16,
Weathered coal 4-6, conch meal 6-10, seaweed meal 4-6, megasse 4-6, furfural dregs 10-20, animal bone powder 3-4, biogas slurry 5-7, silkworm excrement
2-4;Dosage: 2000-2500kg/667m2;
Soil conditioner ingredient is by weight: ammonium nitrate 5-8, ammonium sulfate 2-4, agricultural microbial agent 5-10, ardealite 5-10,
Fluorite 4-8, vermiculite 10-14, ammonium sulfate 2-4, zinc sulfate 2-4, ferrous sulfate 2-4, potassium fulvate 3-4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5,
Sodium selenite 0.1-0.2;Dosage: 50-80kg/667m2;
(4), transplanting and field management: the transplanting that late October to early November carries out tea seedling operates: will train in step (2)
The tea seedling cultivated is transplanted in the tea place handled well into step (3) together with root matrix, per acre tea shoot dosage 3000-
4000 plants;When transplanting tea shoot, with cultivation, when plant, and tracks tramping having peace of mind at layer-by-layer earthing for the tea shoot that has risen, when earthing is more than half, pours 1
Secondary root water;Trimming is carried out shaping to trunk after transplanting, retains trunk height in 15-20cm;Every year in early and middle ten days in March,
Every 14-20 days, the cave of 5cm depth is excavated at 10-15cm above away from tea shoot, 10% selenium-rich rich water solution 1- is poured in every cave
1.5kg, after its sufficiently it is lower seep after blinding again, and suitably earth up on tea shoot periphery, the above operation continues to May current year to terminate;
Remaining management method is the same as general non-polluted planting tea place;
(5), tealeaves harvests: after tea tree planting 3-4, tea tree plant length to 70-80cm, after 3-4 trimming, every year
Spring clear and bright front and back seedling it is long to 5-7 leaf when, according to mining height support it is low, adopt in support the principle on side and picked.
Liquid and preparation method thereof is facilitated in the step (1) are as follows: is taken fresh tea tree rhizome, is added after rhizome is ground
Rhizome weighs 50 times of distilled water, impregnates 4-5 days under 28-30 DEG C of constant temperature, obtains tea root after being filtered with 700-800 mesh crocus cloth
Stem leaching liquid;It is concentrated into the 1/3 of former leaching liquid with RE-5003/50L type Rotary Evaporators reduction vaporization, and tea tree is concentrated backward
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate, alginic acid, the basic element of cell division, polyglutamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenous acid are sequentially added in rhizome leaching liquid
Sodium, compound sodium nitrophenolate to its concentration are respectively 10-20ppm, 10-20ppm, 20-30ppm, 30-40ppm, 30-40ppm, 40-
50ppm, 2-4ppm, 10-15ppm can be obtained and facilitate liquid.
Nutrient matrix ingredient in the step (2) is by weight: hog manure 50-60, dregs of beans cake 20-30, sweet potato vine
10-15, pluck crushed material 4-8, vermiculite 10-15, bagasse 4-6, crab shell powder 2-3, biological biogas slurry 6-10, conch meal 6-8,
Seaweed meal 4-6, agricultural microbial agent 1-2, ammonium nitrate 6-10, ammonium sulfate 2-4, potassium fulvate 3-4, sodium sulphate 2-3, nanometer selenium
Pulvis 1-2.
Selenium-rich rich water solution production method in the step (2), (four) are as follows:
A, 60-80 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 10-20 parts of chicken and duck internal organ, 10-20 parts of stalk, ox are taken respectively by weight
20-40 parts of sheep dung, 5-10 parts of seaweed meal, 6-8 parts of ore containing selenium, 4-6 parts of zinc-containing ores, 5-8 parts of bioprotein, cellulose degradation
0.1-0.2 parts of bacterium, after mixing plus 200-300 parts of water soak, and ferment 10-12 days at 35-45 DEG C, obtain fermentation primary
Product;
B, tunning primary is filtered, obtains filter residue primary and filtrate primary, resulting filtrate primary is placed at 4-5 DEG C and is refrigerated
For use;It is 5-8mm that filter residue primary, which is crushed to partial size, and the Se-enriched yeast that 1-2 parts by weight are added thereto ferments, fermentation dress
The temperature set is controlled at 38-45 DEG C, is stirred within every two days primary;After fermentation 5-7 days, filtrate primary is added into installation for fermenting, after
Supervention ferment 14-20 days to get the selenium-rich rich water solution.
It is described facilitate the methyl α-naphthyl acetate added in liquid, alginic acid, the basic element of cell division, polyglutamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E,
Sodium selenite, compound sodium nitrophenolate concentration are respectively 15ppm, 15ppm, 25ppm, 35ppm, 35ppm, 45ppm, 3ppm, 12ppm.
Nutrient matrix ingredient is by weight in the step (2): hog manure 55, dregs of beans cake 25, sweet potato vine 12, in animal
Dirty crushed material 6, vermiculite 13, bagasse 5, crab shell powder 2.5, biological biogas slurry 8, conch meal 7, seaweed meal 5, agricultural microbial agent
1.5, ammonium nitrate 8, ammonium sulfate 3, potassium fulvate 3.5, sodium sulphate 2.5, nanometer selenium pulvis 1.5.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
1, legal processes tea tree seed is onlapped using double, by ultrasonic wave, hypergravity and the collective effect for facilitating liquid, so that facilitating
Beneficiating ingredient in liquid can be infiltrated through more rapidly in seed, to play its advantages, improve germination
Rate and germinating energy, the tea tree seedling growth cultivated are good;
2, it is rich in the base manure and soil conditioner of a variety of biological organic ingredients by applying, soil environment is improved, so that soil
Environment is more conducive to growth of tea plant;
3, by applying selenium-rich rich water solution in tea shoot cultivation and subsequent stage of topdressing, supplemented with tea tree for microelement
Source is absorbed, tea leaf quality is improved.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment the present invention will be further explained explanation.
Embodiment 1
To verify beneficial effects of the present invention, 2014, research team did in Jiangsu Province Lianyungang Yuntai Shan Mountain tea garden
Relevant verification test, tea tree seed used are the local Yuntai Shan Mountain cloud and mist tea seed of current year picking, count after harvest yield and
Quality, acquired results are as shown in Table 2,3.Specific implementation method is as follows:
(1), tea tree seed integrated treatment: in early November, 2014 onlaps legal processes tea tree seed, specific method using double
Are as follows: 1, seed preferably with pretreatment: first with clear water eluriate the tea tree seed through 4 DEG C of cryopreservations, except prevent or cure a disease, miscellaneous, flat, broken kind
The tea tree seed of diameter 12mm or more, 100-grain weight not less than 100g is selected after son, installs seed with ventilative agricultural non-woven bag,
Cloth bag is placed in the water pressure chamber of methane-generating pit, is taken out after 5 days spare;2, seed disinfection with facilitate: the seed that upper step is handled well
25min first is impregnated with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, is then used aseptic water washing 3 times;Liquid is facilitated into seed immersion after flushing
In, it facilitates liquid and is placed in DS-8510DT type supersonic generator, under 40 DEG C, 2300Hz frequency, handle 15min per hour, hold
Continuous processing 5h;Facilitate liquid and preparation method thereof are as follows: take fresh tea tree rhizome, rhizome is added after rhizome is ground and weighs 50 times of distillations
Water impregnates 4 days under 29 DEG C of constant temperatures, with obtaining tea tree rhizome leaching liquid after the filtering of 750 mesh crocus cloths;Use RE-5003/50L
Type Rotary Evaporators reduction vaporization is concentrated into the 1/3 of former leaching liquid, and is concentrated in tea tree rhizome leaching liquid backward and sequentially adds naphthalene
Acetic acid, alginic acid, the basic element of cell division, polyglutamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium selenite, compound sodium nitrophenolate to its concentration are distinguished
For 15ppm, 15ppm, 25ppm, 35ppm, 35ppm, 45ppm, 3ppm, 12ppm, it can be obtained and facilitate liquid;Thereafter to seed into
The processing of row hypergravity: using JXN-26 intelligent high-efficient centrifuge at 1000xg, continue hypergravity and handle seed 50min;Place
It is spare wait sow after the completion of reason;
(2), it sows and is cultivated with tea shoot: the seed that upper step is handled well being sowed by hill spacing 25cm, line-spacing 35cm and is being covered with 5cm thickness
In the nursery of nutrient matrix, 3 tea tree seeds of every bunch planting, sowing quantity is in 18kg per acre;Nutrient matrix ingredient is by weight: pig matting
Fertilizer 55, dregs of beans cake 25, sweet potato vine 12, pluck crushed material 6, vermiculite 12, bagasse 5, crab shell powder 2.5, biological biogas slurry 8, shellfish
Shell powder 7, seaweed meal 5, agricultural microbial agent 1.5, ammonium nitrate 8, ammonium sulfate 3, potassium fulvate 3.5, sodium sulphate 2.5, nanometer selenium
Pulvis 1.5;After planting it is watered with the stalk of one layer of 4cm thickness on water and blinding, then uniform fold;After emerging, used every 12 days
Apply one time 20% selenium-rich rich water solution, amount of application 1.5L/m in drip irrigation zone2, until tea shoot is long to the specification that is out of the garden;Selenium-rich rich water is molten
Liquor manufacture method are as follows: a, take 70 parts of bean dregs, 25 parts of bagasse, 15 parts of chicken and duck internal organ, 15 parts of stalk, cattle and sheep excrement respectively by weight
30 parts, 8 parts of seaweed meal, 7 parts of ore containing selenium, 5 parts of zinc-containing ores, 6 parts of bioprotein, 0.15 part of cellulose-degrading bacteria, mixing are equal
After even plus 250 parts of water soak, and ferment 11 days at 40 DEG C, obtain tunning primary;B, tunning primary is filtered, is obtained just
For filter residue and filtrate primary, resulting filtrate primary is placed at 4 DEG C and is refrigerated for use;It is 5mm that filter residue primary, which is crushed to partial size,
The Se-enriched yeast that 1.5 parts by weight are added thereto ferments, and the temperature of installation for fermenting is controlled at 42 DEG C, stirs within every two days one
It is secondary;After fermentation 6 days, filtrate primary is added into installation for fermenting, continues fermentation 17 days to get the selenium-rich rich water solution;Its
Remaining management measure is the same as general pollution-free tea seedling implantation methods;
(3), select to tea tree planting processing with site preparation basal dressing: in late September, 2015, carry out selection of land, site preparation, scribing line determine row,
The farming operations such as basal dressing and soil conditioner, the specific steps are as follows:
1, traffic and irrigation and drainage convenient yellow mud bar soil area are selected as tea tree planting, selected planting site is cultivated entirely cultivated
It turns over after being handled with step, tea place cross by line-spacing 100cm and determines row operation, every line width 100cm;It will be native in selected growing area
Impurity in earth remove it is clean after, along the plantation line marked open wide 25cm, depth 30cm ditch and apply base manure and soil conditioner;
2, basal dressing and soil conditioner:
Base manure ingredient is by weight: hog manure 110, corn stover 35, dregs of beans cake 15, potato cane leaves 13, weathered coal 5, shell
Powder 8, seaweed meal 5, megasse 5, furfural dregs 15, animal bone powder 3.5, biogas slurry 6, silkworm excrement 3;Dosage: 2250kg/667m2;
Soil conditioner ingredient is by weight: ammonium nitrate 6.5, ammonium sulfate 3, agricultural microbial agent 8, ardealite 7, fluorite 6, leech
Stone 12, ammonium sulfate 3, zinc sulfate 3, ferrous sulfate 3, potassium fulvate 3.5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4, sodium selenite 0.15;Dosage:
65kg/667m2;
(4), transplanting and field management: the transplanting that in late October, 2015 carries out tea seedling operates: will cultivate in step (2)
Tea seedling transplanted in the tea place handled well into step (3) together with root matrix, 3500 plants of tea shoot dosage per acre;It moves
When planting tea shoot, with cultivation, when plant, and tracks tramping having peace of mind at layer-by-layer earthing for the tea shoot that has risen, when earthing is more than half, pours 1 root water;
Trimming is carried out shaping to trunk after transplanting, retains trunk height in 15-20cm;Every year in early and middle ten days in March, every 16 days,
The cave of 5cm depth is excavated at 10-15cm above away from tea shoot, 10% selenium-rich rich water solution 1.5kg is poured in every cave, to its sufficiently lower infiltration
Blinding again afterwards, and suitably earth up on tea shoot periphery, the above operation continues to May current year to terminate;Remaining management method is the same as general
Non-polluted planting tea place;
(5), tealeaves harvests: for the clear and bright front and back of spring in 2018 in seedling length to 5-7 leaf, tea tree plant is long to 70-80cm, warp
Cross 3-4 times trimming after, according to mining height support it is low, adopt in support side principle picked.
Embodiment 2
For the beneficial effect for verifying seed treatment step in implementation route of the present invention, following check experiment is done, method particularly includes:
Present invention processing: using the method and step in step (1) in embodiment 1,150 tea tree seeds is handled, nursery is seeded into
In matrix, germination percentage is counted after its germination;Germinating energy is counted after 30 days and seedling growth, acquired results are as shown in table 1;
Ultrasonication is applied alone: in addition to not using hypergravity and facilitating liquid processing, using the side in step (1) in embodiment 1
Method step handles 150 tea tree seeds, is seeded on seedling medium, counts germination percentage after its germination;Germination is counted after 30 days
Gesture and seedling growth, acquired results are as shown in table 1;
Be applied alone hypergravity to handle: except do not use ultrasound involve facilitate liquid processing in addition to, using the side in step (1) in embodiment 1
Method step handles 150 tea tree seeds, is seeded on seedling medium, counts germination percentage after its germination;Germination is counted after 30 days
Gesture and seedling growth, acquired results are as shown in table 1;
It is applied alone and facilitates liquid processing: in addition to not using ultrasound and involving hypergravity processing, using the side in step (1) in embodiment 1
Method step handles 150 tea tree seeds, is seeded on seedling medium, counts germination percentage after its germination;Germination is counted after 30 days
Gesture and seedling growth, acquired results are as shown in table 1;
Routine control processing: it is seeded into and educates with clear water by after 150 tea tree seed-soakings of same source using conventional method
In seedling matrix, germination percentage is counted after its germination;Germinating energy is counted after 30 days and seedling growth, acquired results are as shown in table 1.
From table 1, it will be seen that present invention processing is superior to other on germination percentage, germinating energy and seedling growth
Each single-item handling and Routine control, reason may is that the Duplex treatment of ultrasonic wave and hypergravity improves tea tree seed
Cell permeability enables the biological beneficiating ingredient facilitated in liquid preferably to penetrate into Interior Seed, to participate in seed
During germinating growth, and then its germination percentage and germinating energy are improved, and tea tree seedling leaf color is light green, cotyledons thick, root system hair
It reaches, growing way is vigorous.For later nutrient absorption and growth and development good basis is provided.
Embodiment 3
For the beneficial effect for verifying the base manure and soil conditioner applied in route of the present invention, remove step (3) in embodiment 1
In base manure replacement teleoptile fertilizer and do not apply outside soil conditioner, other methods step transplants 66m with embodiment 12Tea tree,
Yield is counted after harvest and quality, acquired results are as shown in Table 2,3.
Embodiment 4
For the beneficial effect for verifying selenium-rich rich water solution in route of the present invention, remove the richness in step (2) in embodiment 1, (four)
Selenium rich water solution is substituted for outside potassium dihydrogen phosphate Water soluble fertilizer, and other methods step transplants 66m with embodiment 12Tea tree, harvest
It counts yield afterwards and quality, acquired results is as shown in Table 2,3.
Embodiment 5
It is educated in same planting site and identical timing node by seed clear water vernalization using the sub- method for planting of conventional tea tree species
Seedling, conventional application fowl fertilizer and later period impose the Routine Managements measure such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate Water soluble fertilizer, transplant 66m2Tea tree, after harvest
It counts yield and quality, acquired results is as shown in Table 2,3.
From table 2, it will be seen that using the tea tree of route of the present invention plantation in tree width, two leaves and a bud internode length, production
Other embodiments are superior on the testing indexs such as amount;Specifically, comparative example 1 and embodiment 3, it will be seen that applying
After base manure and soil conditioner, each index of tea tree is superior to application fowl fertilizer and does not apply soil conditioner, and reason may be
In, in the base manure of application be rich in a variety of biological organic ingredients, sufficiently meet the nutritional need of tea tree in each stage, soil improvement
Agent further improves soil environment, enables the better growth and development of tea root;Comparative example 1 and embodiment 4,
We can see that embodiment 4 of the embodiment 1 of application selenium-rich rich water solution compared to the conventional Water soluble fertilizer of only application, in each index
On increase, reason may is that zinc, selenium and other beneficial elements contained by selenium-rich rich water solution to growth of tea plant
Produce positive beneficial effect;Comparative example 1 and 5, it has been found that the present invention is superior to general planting method in each index.
The tealeaves that each embodiment harvests is taken into 50g respectively, each index of quality, acquired results such as table 3 are measured after grinding
It is shown.
From table 3, it will be seen that route planting site goose tea tree of the present invention is used, on tea leaf quality testing index
Other embodiments are superior to, particularly, have reached 120.5% in selenium element lifting capacity, this has fully demonstrated of the invention beneficial
Effect.
Part that the present invention does not relate to is the same as those in the prior art or can be implemented by using the prior art.Generality has been used above
Illustrate and specific embodiment is described in detail the present invention, but on the basis of the present invention, technology people in the art
Member can to carries out it is some modify or improve, made without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention these modify or change
Into, fall within the scope of the claimed invention within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1), tea tree seed integrated treatment: early November to mid-December onlaps legal processes tea tree seed using double, specifically
Method are as follows:
1, seed preferably with pretreatment: first with clear water eluriate the tea tree seed through 3-5 DEG C of cryopreservation, except prevent or cure a disease, it is miscellaneous, flat, broken
Seed after select diameter 12mm or more, 100-grain weight be not less than 100g tea tree seed, installed with ventilative agricultural non-woven bag
Cloth bag is placed in the water pressure chamber of methane-generating pit by seed, is taken out after 4-6 days spare;
2, seed disinfection with facilitate: by the seed that upper step is handled well first use 0.4-0.5% liquor potassic permanganate impregnate 20-
Then 30min is used aseptic water washing 2-3 times;Seed immersion after flushing is facilitated in liquid, liquid is facilitated and is placed in DS-8510DT type
In supersonic generator, under 38-42 DEG C, 2000-2600Hz frequency, 10-20min is handled per hour, persistently handles 4-6h;Its
Hypergravity processing is carried out to seed afterwards: using JXN-26 intelligent high-efficient centrifuge at 800-1200xg, being continued at hypergravity
Manage seed 40-60min;It is spare wait sow after the completion of processing;
(2), it sows and is cultivated with tea shoot: the seed that upper step is handled well is being covered with by hill spacing 20-30cm, line-spacing 30-40cm sowing
In the nursery of 5-8cm thickness nutrient matrix, every bunch planting 2-4 tea tree seeds, sowing quantity is in 15-20kg per acre;After planting it is watered with water
And on blinding, then uniform fold one layer of 3-5cm thickness stalk;It is primary using drip irrigation zone application every 10-14 days after emerging
20% selenium-rich rich water solution, amount of application 1-2L/m2, until tea shoot is long to the specification that is out of the garden;Remaining management measure is the same as general nuisanceless
Tea shoot implantation methods;
(3), processing and site preparation basal dressing: late September next year are selected to tea tree planting, selection of land, site preparation is carried out, crosses and determine row, apply
The farming operations such as base manure and soil conditioner, the specific steps are as follows:
1, traffic and the convenient yellow mud bar soil of irrigation and drainage or red soil area are selected as tea tree planting, to selected planting site into
Row entirely cultivate plough with step processing after, tea place cross by line-spacing 100-150cm determine row operation, every line width 80-120cm;
After impurity in soil in selected growing area is removed completely, the ditch of wide 20-30cm, depth 25-35cm are opened along the plantation line marked
And apply base manure and soil conditioner;
2, basal dressing and soil conditioner:
Base manure ingredient is by weight: hog manure 100-120, corn stover 30-40, dregs of beans cake 10-20, potato cane leaves 10-16,
Weathered coal 4-6, conch meal 6-10, seaweed meal 4-6, megasse 4-6, furfural dregs 10-20, animal bone powder 3-4, biogas slurry 5-7, silkworm excrement
2-4;Dosage: 2000-2500kg/667m2;
Soil conditioner ingredient is by weight: ammonium nitrate 5-8, ammonium sulfate 2-4, agricultural microbial agent 5-10, ardealite 5-10,
Fluorite 4-8, vermiculite 10-14, ammonium sulfate 2-4, zinc sulfate 2-4, ferrous sulfate 2-4, potassium fulvate 3-4, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5,
Sodium selenite 0.1-0.2;Dosage: 50-80kg/667m2;
(4), transplanting and field management: the transplanting that late October to early November carries out tea seedling operates: will train in step (2)
The tea seedling cultivated is transplanted in the tea place handled well into step (3) together with root matrix, per acre tea shoot dosage 3000-
4000 plants;When transplanting tea shoot, with cultivation, when plant, and tracks tramping having peace of mind at layer-by-layer earthing for the tea shoot that has risen, when earthing is more than half, pours 1
Secondary root water;Trimming is carried out shaping to trunk after transplanting, retains trunk height in 15-20cm;Every year in early and middle ten days in March,
Every 14-20 days, the cave of 5cm depth is excavated at 10-15cm above away from tea shoot, 10% selenium-rich rich water solution 1- is poured in every cave
1.5kg, after its sufficiently it is lower seep after blinding again, and suitably earth up on tea shoot periphery, the above operation continues to May current year to terminate;
Remaining management method is the same as general non-polluted planting tea place;
(5), tealeaves harvests: after tea tree planting 3-4, tea tree plant length to 70-80cm, after 3-4 trimming, every year
Spring clear and bright front and back seedling it is long to 5-7 leaf when, according to mining height support it is low, adopt in support the principle on side and picked.
2. the high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that urged in the step (1)
Rhizome is added the preparation method comprises the following steps: take fresh tea tree rhizome, after rhizome is ground and weighs 50 times of distilled water for lotion, and 28-30 DEG C
It is impregnated 4-5 days under constant temperature, obtains tea tree rhizome leaching liquid after being filtered with 700-800 mesh crocus cloth;With RE-5003/50L type
Rotary Evaporators reduction vaporization is concentrated into the 1/3 of former leaching liquid, and is concentrated in tea tree rhizome leaching liquid backward and sequentially adds naphthalene second
Acid, alginic acid, the basic element of cell division, polyglutamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium selenite, compound sodium nitrophenolate to its concentration are respectively
10-20ppm, 10-20ppm, 20-30ppm, 30-40ppm, 30-40ppm, 40-50ppm, 2-4ppm, 10-15ppm can be obtained
To facilitating liquid.
3. the high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2)
Nutrient matrix ingredient is by weight: hog manure 50-60, dregs of beans cake 20-30, sweet potato vine 10-15, pluck crushed material 4-8, leech
Stone 10-15, bagasse 4-6, crab shell powder 2-3, biological biogas slurry 6-10, conch meal 6-8, seaweed meal 4-6, agricultural microbial agent 1-
2, ammonium nitrate 6-10, ammonium sulfate 2-4, potassium fulvate 3-4, sodium sulphate 2-3, nanometer selenium pulvis 1-2.
4. the high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2),
(4) the selenium-rich rich water solution production method in are as follows:
A, 60-80 parts of bean dregs, 20-30 parts of bagasse, 10-20 parts of chicken and duck internal organ, 10-20 parts of stalk, ox are taken respectively by weight
20-40 parts of sheep dung, 5-10 parts of seaweed meal, 6-8 parts of ore containing selenium, 4-6 parts of zinc-containing ores, 5-8 parts of bioprotein, cellulose degradation
0.1-0.2 parts of bacterium, after mixing plus 200-300 parts of water soak, and ferment 10-12 days at 35-45 DEG C, obtain fermentation primary
Product;
B, tunning primary is filtered, obtains filter residue primary and filtrate primary, resulting filtrate primary is placed at 4-5 DEG C and is refrigerated
For use;It is 5-8mm that filter residue primary, which is crushed to partial size, and the Se-enriched yeast that 1-2 parts by weight are added thereto ferments, fermentation dress
The temperature set is controlled at 38-45 DEG C, is stirred within every two days primary;After fermentation 5-7 days, filtrate primary is added into installation for fermenting, after
Supervention ferment 14-20 days to get the selenium-rich rich water solution.
5. the high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described to facilitate in liquid
The methyl α-naphthyl acetate of addition, alginic acid, the basic element of cell division, polyglutamic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, sodium selenite, compound sodium nitrophenolate concentration
Respectively 15ppm, 15ppm, 25ppm, 35ppm, 35ppm, 45ppm, 3ppm, 12ppm.
6. according to claim 1 or the high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea described in 3, which is characterized in that the step
(2) nutrient matrix ingredient is by weight in: hog manure 55, dregs of beans cake 25, sweet potato vine 12, pluck crushed material 6, vermiculite 13,
Bagasse 5, crab shell powder 2.5, biological biogas slurry 8, conch meal 7, seaweed meal 5, agricultural microbial agent 1.5, ammonium nitrate 8, ammonium sulfate
3, potassium fulvate 3.5, sodium sulphate 2.5, nanometer selenium pulvis 1.5.
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