CN111557200A - Green tea cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green tea cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting field, turning over the planting field and carrying out step treatment, and forming planting ditches with the same depth and width; applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting ditch in late 9 months; transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, then applying a soil conditioner, watering for fixing the roots, completely covering soil, treading until the soil is compact, and fully watering; regularly pruning the tea seedlings, and keeping the height of the trunk at 40-45 cm; digging fertilizing ditches at two sides of the planting ditch, and applying planting base fertilizer to the fertilizing ditches; excavating a soil improvement ditch along the vertical direction of the planting ditch, and applying a soil conditioner to the soil improvement ditch; the adult tea trees are picked in spring, and the pest control is strengthened daily.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green tea planting, in particular to a green tea cultivation method.
Background
As one of six major teas in China, the green tea has the quality characteristics of complete bud and hair in appearance, full body, fresh and fragrant, yellow green and clear soup color, light and sweet taste, belongs to slightly fermented tea, and is a special treasure in the tea in China. The green tea contains rich nutrients such as protein, amino acids, polysaccharide, vitamins, etc. and also contains rich bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol, etc. these chemical components constitute the unique color and flavor of green tea and have certain nutritive and pharmacological effects on human body.
Green tea, being light-loving and yin-enduring, is suitable for growing in warm and humid climates. In the prior art, a plurality of tea garden ecosystems have limited resistance and self-recovery capability in severe weather, are easily influenced by severe weather factors, cannot ensure the quality and the yield of tea leaves, and need to improve the economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a green tea cultivation method.
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting field, turning over the planting field and carrying out step treatment, and forming planting ditches with the same depth and width;
s2, applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting ditch in late 9 th month;
s3, transplanting the green tea tree seedlings in late 10 th month, transplanting the green tea tree seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after planting base fertilizer is applied, then applying soil conditioner, watering for fixing roots, treading until the soil is compact after soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 40-45 cm;
digging fertilizing ditches with the width of 20-30cm at two sides of the planting ditch 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing ditches are parallel to the planting ditch and are 10-15cm away from the planting ditch, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing ditches, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is complete;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 20-30cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditch for 6-8 months every year, applying a soil conditioner in the soil improvement ditch, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring and strengthening pest control in daily life.
Preferably, in S1, the treated planting field is scribed according to the line spacing of 90-120cm to obtain a planting line, and planting furrows are arranged on the planting line.
Preferably, in S1, the depth and width of the planting furrows are equal and both are 20-25 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 800-1000 kg/mu.
Preferably, the planting base fertilizer used in S2 has the following nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio: n: p2O5：K2O＝10：2-4：1-4。
Preferably, the planting base fertilizer used in S2 is prepared by the following process: uniformly mixing the premix, the chicken manure, the soybean meal, the slaughterhouse waste, the fish bone meal and the coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 40-50 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 60-70 ℃ for 7-14 days, adding the straws, the plant ash, the dry cow dung, the rice bran and the humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the planting base fertilizer.
Preferably, in the preparation process of the planting base fertilizer used in S2, the mass ratio of chicken manure, soybean meal, slaughterhouse waste, fishbone powder, straw, plant ash, dried cow dung, rice bran, coconut shell powder, humic acid and premix is 60-80: 15-25: 10-20: 15-25: 10-15: 4-12: 2-10: 6-10: 1-2: 1-4: 4-10.
The planting base fertilizer used in the invention can provide organic nutrient sources for tea trees, can effectively and slowly release internal nutrient substances by matching the function of the premix, can be applied once a year during the planting of the tea trees, has sufficient nutrient supply and can avoid the phenomenon of over-vigorous growth.
The premix is prepared by adopting the following process: mixing sepiolite powder and microcrystalline cellulose, adding water, stirring at the temperature of 2-10 ℃ and the stirring speed of 150-300r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 60-100 mesh sieve, calcining at the temperature of 300-450 ℃ for 1-2h, cooling, adding attapulgite, vermiculite powder and montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix.
Preferably, in the preparation process of the premix, the mass ratio of the sepiolite powder, the microcrystalline cellulose, the attapulgite, the vermiculite powder and the montmorillonite is 50-80: 1-10: 4-8: 5-13: 2-6.
The sepiolite is microcosmically formed by gathering countless filaments together and arranging the filaments into sheets, the sheets are expanded and changed to be extremely soft after absorbing water, microcrystalline cellulose is insoluble in water, the microcrystalline cellulose is fully dispersed and covered on the surface of the sheet structure of the sepiolite at a low temperature, the calcining is carried out at the temperature of 300-.
Preferably, in S3, the green tea seedlings and the soil around the roots are transplanted into the planting furrows after the planting base fertilizer is applied, the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2100-3000 plants/mu, the soil is covered to 30-40%, and then the soil conditioner is applied at 50-150 kg/mu.
Preferably, the soil conditioner used in S3 has a diameter of 2-3mm and a length of 3 mm.
Preferably, the preparation process of the soil conditioner used in S3 is as follows: and adding water into the premix until the water content is 10-20 wt%, stirring, and granulating to obtain the soil conditioner.
The soil conditioner obtained by adopting the premix for granulation can be used as an ideal inhabitation environment for microorganisms, is beneficial to the respiration of the root system of tea trees, has excellent water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively enhance the permeability of soil.
Preferably, in S4, planting base fertilizer is applied to the fertilizing furrows, and the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 500-700 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S4, the soil conditioner is applied to the soil improvement furrows at an application rate of 50-150 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S5, physical control is used in the daily pest control process.
Preferably, in S5, the physical control means includes a trap lamp and a yellow board.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) according to the method, a yellow soil area is selected as a planting field, the soil is improved and fertilized by matching with a planting base fertilizer and a soil conditioner, so that after green tea is transplanted, not only can nutrient substances quickly permeate to the root system of the tea tree to exert an effect, but also the survival rate of the tea tree seedlings is extremely high and can reach more than 98%, and meanwhile, the growth vigor of the seedlings is good;
(2) according to the method, the planting base fertilizer is applied along the planting furrows in 2-3 months every year, and the soil conditioner is applied to the vertical planting furrows in 6-8 months, so that the soil environment of the tea tree planting field can be continuously improved, the growth of the tea trees can be facilitated by the planting soil environment, the absorption of the tea trees on nutrient substances can be supplemented, and the tea quality can be improved;
(3) the invention simulates the optimal growth soil environment for tea growth, and the pollution-free organic tea obtained by cultivation through fertilization, planting and later-stage management not only accords with IMO organic certification, but also has extremely high tea yield and effectively improves the income of tea farmers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 90cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 25 cm;
s2, mixing 50kg of sepiolite powder and 10kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 200kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 10 ℃ at the stirring speed of 150r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, calcining at 300 ℃ for 2h, cooling, adding 4kg of attapulgite, 13kg of vermiculite powder and 2kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 10kg of premix, 60kg of chicken manure, 25kg of soybean meal, 10kg of slaughterhouse waste, 25kg of fishbone meal and 1kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 50 wt%, composting and fermenting for 14 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, adding 10kg of corn straw, 12kg of plant ash, 2kg of dried cow manure, 10kg of rice bran and 1kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer into the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 10 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2100 plants/mu, covering soil to 40%, applying a soil conditioner to 50 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the height of the trunk at 45 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 20cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 15cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 500 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 30cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent into the soil improvement ditch according to 50 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Example 2
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 120cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 20 cm;
s2, mixing 80kg of sepiolite powder and 1kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 400kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 2 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, calcining at 450 ℃ for 1h, cooling, adding 8kg of attapulgite, 5kg of vermiculite powder and 6kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 4kg of premix, 80kg of chicken manure, 15kg of soybean meal, 20kg of slaughterhouse waste, 15kg of fishbone meal and 2kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 40 wt%, composting and fermenting at 70 ℃ for 7 days, adding 15kg of corn straw, 4kg of plant ash, 10kg of dried cow manure, 6kg of rice bran and 4kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer into the planting furrows in last 9 th ten days, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 800 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 20 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 3000 plants/mu, covering soil to 30%, applying a soil conditioner to 150 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 40 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 30cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 10cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 700 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 20cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent into the soil improvement ditch according to 150 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Example 3
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 100cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 24 cm;
s2, mixing 60kg of sepiolite powder and 7kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 250kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 6 ℃ and the stirring speed of 200r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 90-mesh sieve, calcining at 350 ℃ for 1.7h, cooling, adding 5kg of attapulgite, 10kg of vermiculite powder and 3kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 8kg of premix, 65kg of chicken manure, 22kg of soybean meal, 13kg of slaughterhouse waste, 22kg of fishbone meal and 1.2kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 47 wt%, composting and fermenting for 14 days at 60 ℃, adding 12kg of corn straws, 10kg of plant ash, 4kg of dried cow manure, 9kg of rice bran and 2kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer into the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 950 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 13 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2400 plants/mu, covering soil to 37%, applying a soil conditioner to 80 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 44 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 23cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 14cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 550 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 28cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent into the soil improvement ditch according to 80 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Example 4
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to the line spacing of 110cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 22 cm;
s2, mixing 70kg of sepiolite powder and 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 350kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 4 ℃ and the stirring speed of 240r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 70-mesh sieve, calcining at 400 ℃ for 1.3h, cooling, adding 7kg of attapulgite, 8kg of vermiculite powder and 5kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 6kg of premix, 75kg of chicken manure, 18kg of soybean meal, 17kg of slaughterhouse waste, 18kg of fishbone meal and 1.8kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 43 wt%, composting and fermenting at 70 ℃ for 7 days, adding 14kg of corn straws, 6kg of plant ash, 8kg of dried cow manure, 7kg of rice bran and 3kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer into the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 850 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the step S2 until the water content is 17 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2800 plants/mu, covering soil to 33%, applying a soil conditioner to 120 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 42 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 27cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 12cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 650 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 22cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent into the soil improvement ditch according to the ratio of 120 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Example 5
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 7kg of premix, 70kg of chicken manure, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of slaughterhouse waste, 20kg of fishbone meal and 1.5kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 45 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 65 ℃ for 10 days, adding 13kg of corn straws, 8kg of plant ash, 6kg of dried cow manure, 8kg of rice bran and 2.5kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 15 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2.5mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, then applying a soil conditioner to 100 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 25cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 13cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 600 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 25cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent to the soil improvement ditch according to 100 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Comparative example 1
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 7kg of premix, 70kg of chicken manure, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of slaughterhouse waste, 20kg of fishbone meal and 1.5kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 45 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 65 ℃ for 10 days, adding 13kg of corn straws, 8kg of plant ash, 6kg of dried cow manure, 8kg of rice bran and 2.5kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, transplanting the green tea seedlings in late 10 th month, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after planting base fertilizers are applied, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings within one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 25cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 13cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 600 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Comparative example 2
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 7kg of premix, 70kg of chicken manure, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of slaughterhouse waste, 20kg of fishbone meal and 1.5kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 45 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 65 ℃ for 10 days, adding 13kg of corn straws, 8kg of plant ash, 6kg of dried cow manure, 8kg of rice bran and 2.5kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, transplanting the green tea seedlings in late 10 th month, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after planting base fertilizers are applied, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings within one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, applying a commercially available Selt soil conditioner to 100 kg/mu, watering to fix the roots, completely covering the soil, treading until the soil is compact, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 25cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 13cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing furrows according to 600 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is completed;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 25cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a commercially available Selt soil conditioner to the soil improvement ditch according to 100 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Comparative example 3
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, applying a commercially available Seltez high-tower compound fertilizer into the planting ditches in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the commercially available Seltez high-tower compound fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix; adding water into the premix until the water content is 15 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to obtain a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2.5mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in the last ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a commercial SelteGao compound fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings within one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, then applying a soil conditioner to 100 kg/mu, watering to fix the roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging fertilizing ditches with the width of 25cm at two sides of the planting ditch 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing ditches are parallel to the planting ditch and are 13cm away from the planting ditch, applying a commercially available Selt high tower compound fertilizer into the fertilizing ditches according to 600 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is complete;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 25cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying a soil improvement agent to the soil improvement ditch according to 100 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Comparative example 4
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 7kg of premix, 70kg of chicken manure, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of slaughterhouse waste, 20kg of fishbone meal and 1.5kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 45 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 65 ℃ for 10 days, adding 13kg of corn straws, 8kg of plant ash, 6kg of dried cow manure, 8kg of rice bran and 2.5kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 15 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2.5mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, then applying a soil conditioner to 100 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging fertilizing furrows with the width of 25cm at two sides of the planting furrows 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing furrows are parallel to the planting furrows and are 13cm away from the planting furrows, applying planting base fertilizer and soil conditioner into the fertilizing furrows, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 600 kg/mu, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 100 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
Comparative example 5
A green tea cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting land, turning over the planting land and carrying out step processing, marking the processed planting land according to a line spacing of 105cm to obtain a planting line, and arranging planting furrows with the same depth and width on the planting line, wherein the depth of the planting furrows is 23 cm;
s2, mixing 65kg of sepiolite powder and 5kg of microcrystalline cellulose, adding 300kg of water, stirring at the stirring temperature of 5 ℃ and the stirring speed of 220r/min, filtering, drying, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, calcining at 380 ℃ for 1.5h, cooling, adding 6kg of attapulgite, 9kg of vermiculite powder and 4kg of montmorillonite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
uniformly mixing 7kg of premix, 70kg of chicken manure, 20kg of soybean meal, 15kg of slaughterhouse waste, 20kg of fishbone meal and 1.5kg of coconut shell powder, adding water until the water content is 45 wt%, performing composting fermentation at 65 ℃ for 10 days, adding 13kg of corn straws, 8kg of plant ash, 6kg of dried cow manure, 8kg of rice bran and 2.5kg of humic acid, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain a planting base fertilizer;
applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting furrows in late 9 months, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 900 kg/mu;
s3, adding water into the premix obtained in the S2 until the water content is 15 wt%, stirring, and feeding into a granulator to prepare a soil conditioner with the diameter of 2.5mm and the length of 3 mm;
transplanting the green tea seedlings in ten days of 10 months, transplanting the green tea seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after applying a planting base fertilizer, transplanting the lifted green tea seedlings in one day, wherein the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2600 plants/mu, covering soil to 35%, then applying a soil conditioner to 100 kg/mu, watering to fix roots, treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 43 cm;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 25cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditches 6-8 months per year, applying planting base fertilizer and soil conditioner into the soil improvement ditch, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer is 600 kg/mu, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 100 kg/mu, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring, and strengthening pest control in daily life, wherein the pest control process adopts physical control means including trap lamps and yellow boards.
The method is carried out in a certain tea field in southern mountainous area of Anhui by adopting the example 5 and the comparative examples 1-5, 0.5 mu of each group is randomly selected as a test field, Anhui farmers 95 # are used as test varieties, picking is carried out before clearing in the third year, and the planting results and the chemical residue amount are as follows:
| yield, kg | Chemical substance residue,% | |
| Example 5 | 120.58 | 0.011 |
| Comparative example 1 | 83.16 | 0.015 |
| Comparative example 2 | 88.41 | 0.012 |
| Comparative example 3 | 79.22 | 0.011 |
| Comparative example 4 | 99.46 | 0.012 |
| Comparative example 5 | 106.37 | 0.010 |
And carrying out heavy metal detection on the obtained tea before the dawn, and carrying out the heavy metal detection by adopting inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP) according to the general rule of JY/T015-1996 inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results are as follows:
| lead, μ g/g | Arsenic, μ g/g | Copper,. mu.g/g | |
| Example 5 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 1 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 2 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 3 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 4 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
| Comparative example 5 | Not detected out | Not detected out | Not detected out |
From the above two tables, it can be seen that: by adopting the method for cultivating the tea trees, the tea yield before the Ming can be greatly improved, the amplification can reach 13.36-52.21%, and the economic benefit of tea tree planting is improved; meanwhile, the chemical substance residue and the heavy metal content of the tea accord with the related organic tea regulation.
The green tea young leaves (one bud and two leaves) obtained by the cultivation in example 5 and comparative examples 1-5 are respectively dried and fixed, and the tea polyphenol (GB/T8313-:
| tea polyphenols% | Caffeine, is | Total amount of amino acids% | |
| Example 5 | 30.31 | 3.22 | 6.13 |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.93 | 3.50 | 4.83 |
| Comparative example 2 | 19.28 | 3.47 | 4.95 |
| Comparative example 3 | 14.68 | 3.52 | 4.51 |
| Comparative example 4 | 22.35 | 3.26 | 5.27 |
| Comparative example 5 | 24.63 | 3.51 | 5.31 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: by adopting the method for cultivating the tea trees, the contents of tea polyphenol and total amino acid in the tea can be greatly improved, so that the delicate flavor and the oxidation resistance of the tea are improved, the mouthfeel is enhanced, and the economic benefit of tea tree planting is further improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A green tea cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a yellow soil area which is convenient to irrigate and flat in terrain as an organic green tea planting field, turning over the planting field and carrying out step treatment, and forming planting ditches with the same depth and width;
s2, applying a planting base fertilizer to the planting ditch in late 9 th month;
s3, transplanting the green tea tree seedlings in late 10 th month, transplanting the green tea tree seedlings together with soil around roots into a planting ditch after planting base fertilizer is applied, then applying soil conditioner, watering for fixing roots, treading until the soil is compact after soil is completely covered, and fully watering;
s4, regularly trimming the tea seedlings, and keeping the trunk height at 40-45 cm;
digging fertilizing ditches with the width of 20-30cm at two sides of the planting ditch 2-3 months per year, wherein the fertilizing ditches are parallel to the planting ditch and are 10-15cm away from the planting ditch, applying planting base fertilizer into the fertilizing ditches, fully watering, and treading until soil is compact after soil covering is complete;
digging a soil improvement ditch with the width of 20-30cm along the vertical direction of the planting ditch for 6-8 months every year, applying a soil conditioner in the soil improvement ditch, fully watering, and treading until the soil is compact after the soil is completely covered;
s5, picking the mature tea trees in spring and strengthening pest control in daily life.
2. The method for cultivating green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the treated planting area is scribed at a row spacing of 90-120cm to obtain planting lines, and planting furrows are formed in the planting lines.
3. The method of cultivating green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth and width of the planting furrows in S1 are equal to each other and are 20 to 25 cm.
4. The cultivation method of green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the planting base fertilizer in S2 is 800-1000 kg/mu.
5. The cultivation method of green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting base fertilizer used in S2 has the following contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: n: p2O5：K2O＝10：2-4：1-4。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the green tea seedlings together with the soil around the roots are transplanted into the planting furrows after the planting base fertilizer is applied, the planting density of the green tea seedlings is 2100-3000 plants/mu, the soil is covered to 30-40%, and then the soil conditioner is applied at 50-150 kg/mu.
7. The method for cultivating green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, planting base fertilizer is applied to the fertilizing furrows at a rate of 500-700 kg/mu.
8. The method of cultivating green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil improvement agent is applied to the soil improvement furrows at an amount of 50-150 kg/mu in S4.
9. The method for cultivating green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, physical control is adopted in daily pest control process.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the physical control means comprises a trap lamp and a yellow board in S5.
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