CN106358671B - Planting method of gerbera jamesonii - Google Patents
Planting method of gerbera jamesonii Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358671B CN106358671B CN201610739933.1A CN201610739933A CN106358671B CN 106358671 B CN106358671 B CN 106358671B CN 201610739933 A CN201610739933 A CN 201610739933A CN 106358671 B CN106358671 B CN 106358671B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a planting method of gerbera jamesonii, which comprises the following specific steps: s1 soil preparation; s2 topping; s3 permanent planting; s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year; s5, controlling water; s6 weeding; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wrapping material, 10-15 parts of chestnut shell, 10-20 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 10-20 parts of edible fungus culture medium by-products, 10-20 parts of euryale ferox, 10-15 parts of yellow sand, 5-15 parts of nitrification inhibitor and the like; the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 3000 parts of water and the like. The method is based on the fertilization treatment of field management, the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer with reasonable formula are applied, the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer have uniform nutrition proportion and insect expelling capability, can release nutrient components slowly, ensure the proper fertility absorption in the growth process of the gerbera jamesonii, grow flowers and leaves uniformly, improve the ornamental and decorative value and further improve the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a planting method of gerbera jamesonii.
Background
African daisy (the scientific name: Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) is a perennial herb of the family Compositae, namely taiyang flower, scarlet chrysanthemum, Japanese chrysanthemum flower and the like. The African chrysanthemum is large and beautiful in color, beautiful in posture, light and elegant in color tone, very strong in sentiment, long in water cutting time and high in cut flower rate, and is an important cut flower decorative material, and the African chrysanthemum pot culture is commonly used for decorating courtyards and hallways.
The gerbera jamesonii is perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, and about 45 plants belong to the same genus. They are fond of warm in winter and cool in summer, air circulation and sunshine-rich environment, and are not cold-resistant and hot. Sandy loam which is fertile, loose, has good drainage and is rich in humus is favored, heavy soil is avoided, and slightly acidic soil is favored. The common diseases in the African daisy cultivation process include root rot, spot disease, sclerotinia and the like. The root rot disease is also called as rhizome rot disease and is caused by phytophthora crypthecogenum and phytophthora infestans, the root rot disease can be developed in the whole growth period, and the damage to the general flowering period is serious; the overground part loses water and curls at the initial stage of disease attack, then wilts and is easy to pull up, the affected root becomes soft, water stain-like, becomes brown and decays, the cortex falls off, the discolored center column is exposed, the plant has mildewy smell, and when the plant becomes purple red and the humidity is high, sparse white mildew, namely the sporangium and the sporangium of pathogenic bacteria, grows on the surface of the diseased part. The leaf spot disease is also called leaf spot disease, the disease is fungal disease caused by chrysanthemum leaf spot mildew and gerbera jamesonii leaf spot mildew which both belong to fungi imperfecti, the symptoms are mainly harmful to leaves, the primary purple brown to dark brown disease spots are expanded into round to nearly round disease spots, the edge of the disease spots has a dark brown to purple brown color with the diameter of 2-10 mm, and black small granules, namely conidiospores of pathogenic bacteria, are grown on the later disease spots and are different from the brown spot disease; old spots often crack and fall off, forming perforations. The symptoms of sclerotinia mainly include disease generation from the base of the stem, causing the stem to rot; at the initial stage, the diseased part presents water stain-like soft rot and brown and gradually spreads to the stem and the petiole; black rat-dung-like sclerotia can be seen inside and outside the stem in the later period; the disease is typically characterized by a rapid onset of soft rot in the affected area, dense white floc, or black rat feces.
The gerbera jamesonii is a fertile perennial root flower, has high fertilizer requirement, is used as an important material in ornamental plants and modern cut flowers, and is easy to suffer from various insect pests in the process of cultivating or water cutting of the gerbera jamesonii, so that leaves are faded, and the quality of the cut flowers is influenced; if the proportion of the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is not well controlled during fertilization, the African chrysanthemum is very easy to cause large roots, thick branches and small flowers without being gorgeous, and the ornamental and decorative values are lost; meanwhile, the utilization rate of the existing fertilizer is generally low, and the African daisy cannot effectively absorb the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the gerbera jamesonii planting method is provided. The method is based on the fertilization treatment of field management, the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer with reasonable formula are applied, the nutrition proportion of the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer is uniform, the method also has certain insect expelling capability, can release and slowly release nutrition components, ensures that the growth process of the gerbera jamesonii has proper fertility, the gerbera jamesonii grows uniformly, the grown branches and leaves are uniform, the ornamental and decorative value is improved, and the economic benefit is further improved.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a planting method of gerbera jamesonii comprises the following specific steps:
s1 soil preparation: selecting a sloping field with a slope of 15-35 degrees, cutting off vegetation on the surface of the sloping field before summer, paving on site and incinerating;
s2 topping: removing 5-8 cm long top tips 7-9 days before planting African chrysanthemum seedlings;
s3 field planting: digging a hole in the sloping field before and after 10 months, digging up the gerbera jamesonii seedlings for transplanting, enabling the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend into the soil at the bottom of the hole, applying a base fertilizer into the hole, pressing the soil into the hole and enabling the tops of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend out of the soil;
s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year;
s5 water control: spraying water to the African daisy every 3-4 days after planting until the surface of the African daisy is wet, and watering when the matrix surface of the African daisy is dry in the true leaf period;
s6 weeding: in the second year after planting, weeding for at least five times, clearing ditches and earthing up, and keeping no weed and no hardening in the ground;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wrapping material, 10-15 parts of chestnut shells, 10-20 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 10-20 parts of edible fungus culture medium byproducts, 10-20 parts of euryale ferox, 10-15 parts of yellow sand, 5-15 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 5-15 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 5-15 parts of sawdust, 5-15 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3-10 parts of furnace slag, 1-10 parts of bat manure and 1-10 parts of compound fertilizer;
the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 10-50 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 10-50 parts of medical stone extracting solution, 1-5 parts of nano silver sol, 5-10 parts of insect repellent, 1-10 parts of citric acid, 1-5 parts of trace elements and 3000 parts of water.
Further explaining, the edible fungus culture medium by-product is a by-product obtained after edible fungus cultivation by mixing 10-15 parts of hawthorn leaves, 5-15 parts of mangosteen shells, 5-15 parts of camphor barks, 5-15 parts of garlic straws, 3-15 parts of oil-tea camellia meal, 3-8 parts of lime, 1-8 parts of grape cumic vines, 1-8 parts of sugarcane peels and 1-5 parts of neem; the probiotic is prepared by mixing 20-30% of acetic acid bacteria, 25-30% of phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria, 20-30% of nitrobacteria and 20-25% of bacillus in percentage by weight; the coating material comprises, by weight, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 5-10 parts of zeolite powder, 3-8 parts of lignocellulose and 2-8 parts of modified polyvinyl alcohol.
Further explaining, the biochar-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of peanut shell carbon, 5-10 parts of rice shell carbon and 1-5 parts of wheat straw carbon; the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1-5 parts of magnesium chloride.
Further, the preparation method of the medical stone extracting solution comprises the following steps: pulverizing Maifanitum, grinding into powder, adding water 50-100 times of Maifanitum, mixing, and adding Na2CO3Adjusting pH of the solution to 7.5-8.0, boiling for 0.5-1 hr, cooling, filtering, and collecting clear solution; mixing the filter residue with water 50-100 times the weight of the filter residue, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 4.0-5.5, heating and boiling for 0.5-1h, cooling, adding vermiculite 0.1-0.5 times the weight of the filter residue, soaking for 24-48h, filtering to obtain clear liquid, and mixing the clear liquids to obtain the Maifanitum extractive solution.
Further, the preparation method of the nano silver sol comprises the following steps: taking AgNO3Dissolving in water to prepare AgNO3Adding PVP into the solution, uniformly mixing, and dropwise adding NaBH4Continuously stirring the solution for 1-2h to obtain nano silver sol; wherein AgNO3PVP and NaBH4The mass ratio of (1: 1.2-1.5): 0.1-0.5.
Further illustrating, the AgNO3The molar concentration of the solution is 0.001-0.1mol/L, and the NaBH is4The molar concentration of the solution is 0.1-0.5 mol/L.
Further, the insect repellant consists of carbendazim, acetamiprid and triadimefon, wherein the mass ratio of the carbendazim to the acetamiprid to the triadimefon is 1-5: 0.5-2: 0.1-2.
Further, the base fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing peanut shell carbon, rice shell carbon and wheat straw carbon according to parts by weight to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for later use;
(2) mixing the modified polyvinyl alcohol, the chitosan, the lignocellulose and the zeolite powder according to parts by weight, and then extruding, injecting or pressing the mixture under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a wrapping material for later use;
(3) dissolving the eurycoma longifolia with water, mixing with yellow sand, chestnut shells, molasses fermentation waste, bat dung, sawdust, furnace slag and edible fungus culture medium byproducts to obtain a mixture, stacking, and covering the upper surface of a black plastic bag for fermentation;
(4) keeping the temperature in the fertilizer pile at 40-45 ℃ and the humidity at 55% in the fermentation process, turning the pile or spraying water for cooling when the pile temperature exceeds 50 ℃, and finishing primary fermentation after fermenting for 18-20 days; then adding bamboo vinegar liquid during turning and uniformly mixing, and then carrying out secondary fermentation at 30-35 ℃ for 7-8 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
(5) mixing the fermentation mixture, the compound fertilizer, the spare biochar-based fertilizer and the nitrification inhibitor, putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, drying the mixture until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4mm, uniformly coating the fertilizer particles with a coating material, and drying the fertilizer particles until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain the base fertilizer.
Further, the water fertilizer is prepared by the following method: putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and water into a container, stirring until the raw materials are dissolved, adding molasses fermentation liquor, medical stone extracting solution, nano silver sol, insect repellent and trace elements according to a proportion, stirring uniformly, and adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.0 to obtain the water fertilizer.
The invention has the overall concept that the growth of the gerbera jamesonii is controlled from the fertilization treatment in field management, the base fertilizer is used during the field planting, and the additional fertilizer is used in the later stage and is treated in a mode of adding the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer; secondly, the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer both contain components capable of sterilizing, expelling insects and killing insects, and the preparation for removing diseases is well made both underground and on the land, so that double effects of inhibiting generation and growth of harmful germs are achieved, the number of the harmful germs can be reduced, and further, the morbidity of African chrysanthemum root rot, spot disease, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the like is effectively reduced; thirdly, molasses fermentation liquor and medical stone extracting solution are added into the water fertilizer, the molasses fermentation liquor and the medical stone extracting solution both contain various trace elements for promoting plant growth, and meanwhile, the medical stone extracting solution is beneficial to adsorbing and decomposing free chlorine, impurities, organic matters, mixed bacteria and the like in water, so that mineral substances in the water are supplemented; fourthly, the byproducts of the edible fungus culture medium in the base fertilizer are byproducts of edible fungus cultivation after the neem, camphor tree bark, mangosteen shell, garlic straw, hawthorn leaf, oil tea meal, lime, grape cumic vine and sugarcane peel are mixed according to a certain proportion, in the process of the growth of the edible fungus, the contained insoluble macromolecular compounds are decomposed by mycelium to become simple soluble nutrient substances, the nutrients absorbed and utilized by crops can be effectively improved, the content of the byproducts of the edible fungus culture medium is more than 40 percent, and is 6 times of that of the straws directly returned to the field; after the added mangosteen husks, the dried sugarcane peels, the garlic straws, the grape withered vines and the hawthorn leaves are applied to soil, the garlic straws have certain disease resistance and cellulose, but the taste is unpleasant, the pungent elements in the hawthorn leaves and the garlic are neutralized and degraded, so that the taste is not pungent, the mangosteen shell contains rich dietary fiber, sugar, vitamin and the like, and also has the capability of killing staphylococcus, after the sugarcane peel and the grape withered vine are placed for a long time, the staphylococcus bred on the peel is just reduced by the mangosteen shell, the safety of the raw materials is ensured, the pH values of the fermented and mixed materials are acidic, the alkaline property of the original land can be integrated, the effect of adjusting the pH value of the soil is achieved, the nutrients such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are added to the soil through mutual combination, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are further improved, and the formation and conversion of soil humus and aggregate groups are promoted, so that the water retention performance and the soil fertility of the soil are improved; the neem and camphor tree barks not only contain a large amount of fibers and can be converted to provide a carbon source, but also can retain volatile substances contained in the neem and camphor tree barks when all the raw materials are mixed, and have certain removal capacity for pests, and the volatile substances of the two neem and camphor tree barks are combined with each other, so that the insect-repelling capacity is improved, compared with the use of a single insect-repelling capacity, the insect-repelling capacity is improved by 5%, the disease-resistant capacity of plants can be improved, the morbidity is reduced, and then the added camphor tree barks and sugarcane bark fertilizers are more fluffy and better in air permeability, and the sugarcane barks contain a large amount of sugar substances, so that the composting fermentation is further promoted; fifthly, the wrapping material in the base fertilizer consists of modified polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, lignocellulose and zeolite powder. The modified polyvinyl alcohol has a more excellent bonding effect, the chitosan can also improve the water permeability and compatibility of the wrapping material, the chitosan and the lignocellulose are mixed for single use, the degradation degree of the wrapping material is improved by more than 10 percent, the gaps in the zeolite powder are large, other raw materials can be better permeated and compatible when the wrapping material is prepared, the modified polyvinyl alcohol can be uniformly distributed, the bonding degree is enhanced, the wrapping material prepared by combining the four components has good slow release performance, strong water resistance and good degradation, and the coating material has a good controlled release effect through a test of the dissolution rate in water, the dissolution rate in 24 hours is 7-8%, and the cumulative dissolution rate in 7d is 25-30%; sixthly, acetic acid bacteria, phosphorus and potassium dissolving bacteria, nitrobacteria and bacillus of the probiotics play a synergistic role, and a plurality of probiotics can be added into the organic fertilizer while killing parasites, harmful microorganisms and eggs, and can decompose organic matters, activate active substances contained in the organic matters, such as cellulose toxic enzyme, hemicellulase and the like, and promote the quick decomposition of the raw materials; in addition, specific probiotics are selected as degraded strains according to the raw materials required by the invention, and then the bamboo vinegar is added, so that the bamboo vinegar has good permeability and absorptivity to plant tissues, has a function of eliminating the stink of excrement of livestock, can play a role in plant hormone, and can play a role in promoting the rooting, germination and growth of plants and improving the taste of fruits by adding trace amount of bamboo vinegar to crops; after composting is completed, organic matters, major elements and trace elements of the compost are detected, the content of the organic matters is greatly improved to 32.7 percent, and the content of N, P, K is respectively improved by 21.5 percent, 10.2 percent and 25.6 percent.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention starts from the fertilization treatment of field management, the fertilizer has good effects of preventing diseases, insects and pests, and has specific antibacterial and antiviral components; after the gerbera jamesonii is applied, antibodies are formed in and around the gerbera jamesonii body, so that the gerbera jamesonii has strong antibacterial, mixed bacteria inhibiting, disease and insect preventing and other effects, the physiological diseases of the gerbera jamesonii are reduced, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of the gerbera jamesonii is reduced. The use of pesticides can be reduced, the ecological environment is protected, and meanwhile, the pesticide can be mixed with pesticides and herbicides for use; particularly, the African daisy is suitable for large-area planting, and large-scale mechanical fertilization and airplane fertilization can be used; the one-time application can replace multiple times of farming works such as fertilization, pesticide application and the like, thereby achieving the purposes of high quality, environmental protection and high benefit of the gerbera jamesonii, reducing the labor intensity of the gerbera jamesonii production, reducing the labor cost and increasing the economic income.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1:
firstly, preparing a base fertilizer:
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of wrapping material, 10 parts of chestnut shells, 10 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 10 parts of edible fungus culture medium byproducts, 10 parts of euryale ferox, 10 parts of yellow sand, 5 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 5 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 5 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3 parts of furnace slag, 1 part of bat manure and 1 part of compound fertilizer;
wherein the edible fungus culture medium by-product is a by-product obtained by cultivating edible fungi after mixing 10 parts of hawthorn leaves, 5 parts of mangosteen shells, 5 parts of camphor tree barks, 5 parts of garlic straws, 3 parts of oil tea seed cakes, 3 parts of lime, 1 part of grape cumic vines, 1 part of sugarcane peels and 1 part of neem;
wherein, the eurycobacterial is formed by mixing 20 percent of acetic acid bacteria, 30 percent of phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria, 30 percent of nitrobacteria and 20 percent of bacillus according to weight percentage;
the coating material comprises, by weight, 5 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of zeolite powder, 3 parts of lignocellulose and 2 parts of modified polyvinyl alcohol.
The biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of peanut shell carbon, 5 parts of rice shell carbon and 1 part of wheat straw carbon.
The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method for preparing the base fertilizer from the raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing peanut shell carbon, rice shell carbon and wheat straw carbon according to parts by weight to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for later use;
(2) mixing the modified polyvinyl alcohol, the chitosan, the lignocellulose and the zeolite powder according to parts by weight, and then extruding, injecting or pressing the mixture under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a wrapping material for later use;
(3) dissolving the eurycoma longifolia with water, mixing with yellow sand, chestnut shells, molasses fermentation waste, bat dung, sawdust, furnace slag and edible fungus culture medium byproducts to obtain a mixture, stacking, and covering the upper surface of a black plastic bag for fermentation;
(4) keeping the temperature in the fertilizer pile at 40 ℃ and the humidity at 55% in the fermentation process, turning the pile or spraying water for cooling when the pile temperature exceeds 50 ℃, and finishing primary fermentation after 20 days of fermentation; then adding bamboo vinegar liquid during turning, mixing uniformly, and performing secondary fermentation at 30 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
(5) mixing the fermentation mixture, the compound fertilizer, the spare biochar-based fertilizer and the nitrification inhibitor, putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, then drying the mixture until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2mm, then uniformly coating the fertilizer particles with a coating material, and then drying the fertilizer particles until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain the base fertilizer.
Secondly, preparing a water fertilizer:
the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 10 parts of medical stone extracting solution, 5 parts of nano-silver sol, 5 parts of insect repellent, 10 parts of citric acid, 1 part of trace elements and 1000 parts of water.
The preparation method of the medical stone extracting solution comprises the following steps: pulverizing Maifanitum, grinding into powder, adding 100 times of water, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.5 with Na2CO3 solution, boiling for 1 hr, cooling, filtering, and collecting clear liquid; mixing the filter residue with water 50 times the weight of the filter residue, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 5.5, heating and boiling for 1h, cooling, adding vermiculite 0.1 times the weight of the filter residue, soaking for 48h, filtering to obtain clear liquid, and mixing the clear liquids to obtain the Maifanitum extractive solution.
The preparation method of the nano silver sol comprises the following steps: dissolving silver nitrate in water to prepare 200mL of silver nitrate solution with the molar concentration of 0.1mol/L, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding sodium borohydride solution with the molar concentration of 0.5mol/L, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain nano-silver sol; wherein the mass ratio of silver nitrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium borohydride is 1: 1.5: 0.5.
The insect repellent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 1: 2: 2 carbendazim, acetamiprid and triadimefon.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water fertilizer, which comprises the steps of putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and water into a container according to a certain proportion, stirring until the raw materials are dissolved, adding molasses fermentation liquor, medical stone extracting solution, nano silver sol, insect repellent and trace elements according to a certain proportion, stirring uniformly, and adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 5.5, thus obtaining the water fertilizer.
Thirdly, the planting method of the gerbera jamesonii comprises the following specific steps:
s1 soil preparation: selecting a sloping field with a slope of 15 degrees, cutting off vegetation on the surface of the sloping field before summer, paving on site and incinerating;
s2 topping: removing 5 cm long top tips 7 days before planting African chrysanthemum seedlings;
s3 field planting: digging a hole in the sloping field before and after 10 months, digging up the gerbera jamesonii seedlings for transplanting, enabling the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend into the soil at the bottom of the hole, applying a base fertilizer into the hole, pressing the soil into the hole and enabling the tops of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend out of the soil;
s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year;
s5 water control: spraying water to the African daisy every 3 days after planting at the cotyledon stage of the African daisy until the surface is wet, and watering when the matrix surface of the African daisy is dry at the true leaf stage;
s6 weeding: in the second year after planting, weeding is carried out for at least five times, and the ditches are cleared and earthed, so that no weed is hardened in the field.
Wherein the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer in the steps are both prepared by the primary base fertilizer and the secondary water fertilizer.
Example 2:
preparing a base fertilizer:
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of wrapping material, 12 parts of chestnut shells, 15 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 15 parts of edible fungus culture medium byproducts, 15 parts of euryale ferox, 12 parts of yellow sand, 10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 8 parts of sawdust, 8 parts of bamboo vinegar, 7 parts of furnace slag, 7 parts of bat manure and 8 parts of compound fertilizer.
Wherein the edible fungus culture medium byproduct is a byproduct obtained after edible fungus cultivation by mixing 12 parts of hawthorn leaves, 10 parts of mangosteen shells, 10 parts of camphor tree barks, 9 parts of garlic straws, 8 parts of oil tea dregs, 5 parts of lime, 5 parts of grape cumic stems, 5 parts of sugarcane peels and 3 parts of neem.
Wherein, the probiotic is prepared by mixing 22 percent by weight of acetic acid bacteria, 26 percent by weight of phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria, 28 percent by weight of nitrobacteria and 24 percent by weight of bacillus.
Wherein, the wrapping material is composed of 8 parts of chitosan, 7 parts of zeolite powder, 5 parts of lignocellulose and 6 parts of modified polyvinyl alcohol according to parts by weight.
The biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of peanut shell carbon, 8 parts of rice shell carbon and 3 parts of wheat straw carbon.
The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 3 parts of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method for preparing the base fertilizer from the raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing peanut shell carbon, rice shell carbon and wheat straw carbon according to parts by weight to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for later use;
(2) mixing the modified polyvinyl alcohol, the chitosan, the lignocellulose and the zeolite powder according to parts by weight, and then extruding, injecting or pressing the mixture under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a wrapping material for later use;
(3) dissolving the eurycoma longifolia with water, mixing with yellow sand, chestnut shells, molasses fermentation waste, bat dung, sawdust, furnace slag and edible fungus culture medium byproducts to obtain a mixture, stacking, and covering the upper surface of a black plastic bag for fermentation;
(4) keeping the temperature in the fertilizer pile at 42 ℃ and the humidity at 55% in the fermentation process, turning the pile or spraying water for cooling when the pile temperature exceeds 50 ℃, and finishing primary fermentation after 19 days of fermentation; then adding bamboo vinegar liquid during turning, mixing uniformly, and performing secondary fermentation at 33 ℃ for 7 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
(5) mixing the fermentation mixture, the compound fertilizer, the spare biochar-based fertilizer and the nitrification inhibitor, putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, then drying the mixture until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3mm, then uniformly coating the fertilizer particles with a coating material, and then drying the fertilizer particles until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain the base fertilizer.
Secondly, preparing a water fertilizer:
the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 10 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 50 parts of medical stone extracting solution, 1 part of nano-silver sol, 10 parts of insect repellent, 1 part of citric acid, 5 parts of trace elements and 3000 parts of water.
The preparation method of the medical stone extracting solution comprises the following steps: pulverizing Maifanitum, grinding into powder, adding water 50 times of Maifanitum, mixing, adjusting pH to 8.0 with Na2CO3 solution, heating to boil for 0.5 hr, cooling, and filtering to obtain clear liquid; mixing the filter residue with water 100 times the weight of the filter residue, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 4.0, heating and boiling for 0.5h, cooling, adding vermiculite 0.5 times the weight of the filter residue, soaking for 24h, filtering to obtain clear liquid, and mixing the clear liquids to obtain the Maifanitum extractive solution.
The preparation method of the nano silver sol comprises the following steps: dissolving silver nitrate in water to prepare 200mL of silver nitrate solution with the molar concentration of 0.001mol/L, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding sodium borohydride solution with the molar concentration of 0.1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 2 hours to obtain nano-silver sol; wherein the mass ratio of silver nitrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium borohydride is 1: 1.2: 0.1.
the insect repellent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5: 2 carbendazim, acetamiprid and triadimefon.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water fertilizer, which comprises the steps of putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and water into a container according to a certain proportion, stirring until the raw materials are dissolved, adding molasses fermentation liquor, medical stone extracting solution, nano silver sol, insect repellent and trace elements according to a certain proportion, stirring uniformly, and adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 7.0, thus obtaining the water fertilizer.
Thirdly, the planting method of the gerbera jamesonii comprises the following specific steps:
s1 soil preparation: selecting a sloping field with a slope of 35 degrees, cutting off vegetation on the surface of the sloping field before summer, paving on site and incinerating;
s2 topping: removing 8 cm-long top tips 9 days before planting African chrysanthemum seedlings;
s3 field planting: digging a hole in the sloping field before and after 10 months, digging up the gerbera jamesonii seedlings for transplanting, enabling the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend into the soil at the bottom of the hole, applying a base fertilizer into the hole, pressing the soil into the hole and enabling the tops of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend out of the soil;
s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year;
s5 water control: spraying water to the African daisy every 4 days after planting until the surface of the African daisy is wet, and watering when the matrix surface of the African daisy is dry in the true leaf period;
s6 weeding: in the second year after planting, weeding is carried out for at least five times, and the ditches are cleared and earthed, so that no weed is hardened in the field.
Wherein the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer in the steps are both prepared by the primary base fertilizer and the secondary water fertilizer.
Example 3:
firstly, preparing a base fertilizer:
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of wrapping material, 15 parts of chestnut shells, 20 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 20 parts of edible fungus culture medium byproducts, 20 parts of euryale ferox, 15 parts of yellow sand, 5-15 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 15 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 15 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10 parts of furnace slag, 10 parts of bat manure and 10 parts of compound fertilizer;
wherein the edible fungus culture medium by-product is a by-product obtained by cultivating edible fungi after mixing 15 parts of hawthorn leaves, 15 parts of mangosteen shells, 15 parts of camphor tree barks, 15 parts of garlic straws, 15 parts of oil tea dregs, 8 parts of lime, 8 parts of grape cumic vines, 8 parts of sugarcane peels and 5 parts of neem;
wherein, the eurycobacterial is formed by mixing 30 percent of acetic acid bacteria, 25 percent of phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria, 25 percent of nitrobacteria and 20 percent of bacillus according to weight percentage;
wherein, the wrapping material is composed of 10 portions of chitosan, 10 portions of zeolite powder, 8 portions of lignocellulose and 8 portions of modified polyvinyl alcohol according to the weight portion.
The biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of peanut shell carbon, 10 parts of rice shell carbon and 5 parts of wheat straw carbon.
The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of magnesium chloride.
The preparation method for preparing the base fertilizer from the raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing peanut shell carbon, rice shell carbon and wheat straw carbon according to parts by weight to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for later use;
(2) mixing the modified polyvinyl alcohol, the chitosan, the lignocellulose and the zeolite powder according to parts by weight, and then extruding, injecting or pressing the mixture under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a wrapping material for later use;
(3) dissolving the eurycoma longifolia with water, mixing with yellow sand, chestnut shells, molasses fermentation waste, bat dung, sawdust, furnace slag and edible fungus culture medium byproducts to obtain a mixture, stacking, and covering the upper surface of a black plastic bag for fermentation;
(4) keeping the temperature in the fertilizer pile at 45 ℃ and the humidity at 55% in the fermentation process, turning the pile or spraying water for cooling when the pile temperature exceeds 50 ℃, and finishing primary fermentation after 18 days of fermentation; then adding bamboo vinegar liquid during turning, mixing uniformly, and performing secondary fermentation at 35 deg.C for 7 days to obtain fermented mixture;
(5) mixing the fermentation mixture, the compound fertilizer, the spare biochar-based fertilizer and the nitrification inhibitor, putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, drying the mixture until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4mm, uniformly coating the fertilizer particles with a coating material, and drying the fertilizer particles until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain the base fertilizer.
Secondly, preparing a water fertilizer:
the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 12 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 40 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 35 parts of medical stone extracting solution, 3 parts of nano-silver sol, 7 parts of insect repellent, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of trace elements and 2000 parts of micro-molecular activated water.
The preparation method of the medical stone extracting solution comprises the following steps: pulverizing Maifanitum, grinding into powder, adding water 80 times of Maifanitum, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.5 with Na2CO3 solution, heating to boil for 0.5 hr, cooling, and filtering to obtain clear liquid; mixing the filter residue with water 80 times the weight of the filter residue, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 5.5, heating and boiling for 1h, cooling, adding vermiculite 0.3 times the weight of the filter residue, soaking for 36h, filtering to obtain clear liquid, and mixing the clear liquids to obtain the Maifanitum extractive solution.
The preparation method of the nano silver sol comprises the following steps: dissolving silver nitrate in water to prepare 200mL of silver nitrate solution with the molar concentration of 0.05mol/L, then adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding sodium borohydride solution with the molar concentration of 0.3mol/L, and continuously stirring for 1.5h to obtain nano-silver sol; wherein the mass ratio of silver nitrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium borohydride is 1: 1.3: 0.2.
the insect repellent comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 3: 1:1 carbendazim, acetamiprid and triadimefon.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water fertilizer, which comprises the steps of putting the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium sulfate, the ammonium bicarbonate and the water into a container according to the proportion, stirring until the raw materials are dissolved, then adding the molasses fermentation liquid, the medical stone extracting solution, the nano silver sol, the insect repellent and the trace elements according to the proportion, stirring uniformly, and then adding the citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 6.0, thus obtaining the water fertilizer.
Thirdly, the planting method of the gerbera jamesonii comprises the following specific steps:
s1 soil preparation: selecting a sloping field with a slope of 25 degrees, cutting off vegetation on the surface of the sloping field before summer, paving on site and incinerating;
s2 topping: removing 7 cm long top tips 8 days before planting African chrysanthemum seedlings;
s3 field planting: digging a hole in the sloping field before and after 10 months, digging up the gerbera jamesonii seedlings for transplanting, enabling the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend into the soil at the bottom of the hole, applying a base fertilizer into the hole, pressing the soil into the hole and enabling the tops of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend out of the soil;
s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year;
s5 water control: spraying water to the African daisy every 3 days after planting at the cotyledon stage of the African daisy until the surface is wet, and watering when the matrix surface of the African daisy is dry at the true leaf stage;
s6 weeding: in the second year after planting, weeding is carried out for at least five times, and the ditches are cleared and earthed, so that no weed is hardened in the field.
Wherein the base fertilizer and the water fertilizer in the steps are both prepared by the primary base fertilizer and the secondary water fertilizer.
The results of the evaluation of the African daisy cultivation for examples 1-3 are shown below:
(1) survival rate of gerbera jamesonii
TABLE 1
| Categories | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Number of plants/plant | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Survival number/plant | 96 | 94 | 98 |
| Survival rate/%) | 96.0 | 94.0 | 98.0 |
As can be seen from the above table, the survival rate of the African daisy is all above 94%.
(2) Incidence of gerbera jamesonii
By adopting the examples 1-3, the tracking observation of the planting process of various 100 African daisy plants in the planting process is carried out, and the incidence of root rot, spot disease and sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease is lower than 8 percent.
TABLE 2
| Categories | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Number of plants/plant | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Root rot/example | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Spot disease/example | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Sclerotinia/case | 6 | 5 | 7 |
The above table shows that the African daisy has low disease rate, large and beautiful flower, and is vivid and can be used for the African daisy with flower arrangement, and the fresh-keeping time of the African daisy can be effectively prolonged.
The planting methods of examples 1 to 3 were carried out to cultivate 20 gerbera jamesonii, respectively, until gerbera jamesonii was harvested, and appearance records were made on the gerbera jamesonii at the time of harvest, as shown in table 3:
table 3 growth units of gerbera: cm
| Item | Length of flower stalk | Thickness of flower stalk | Diameter of flower | Number of flowers and leaves per plant |
| Example 1 | 48 | 0.9 | 10.2 | 10 |
| Example 2 | 52 | 1.0 | 10.5 | 11 |
| Example 3 | 49 | 0.8 | 10.1 | 11 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the nutrition proportion of the base fertilizer applied by the invention is more suitable for growing and enjoying the African daisy, and the African daisy has higher economic benefit.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The planting method of the gerbera jamesonii is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1 soil preparation: selecting a sloping field with a slope of 15-35 degrees, cutting off vegetation on the surface of the sloping field before summer, paving on site and incinerating;
s2 topping: removing 5-8 cm long top tips 7-9 days before planting African chrysanthemum seedlings;
s3 field planting: digging a hole in the sloping field before and after 10 months, digging up the gerbera jamesonii seedlings for transplanting, enabling the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend into the soil at the bottom of the hole, applying a base fertilizer into the hole, pressing the soil into the hole and enabling the tops of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings to extend out of the soil;
s4 topdressing: in the second year after planting, base fertilizer and water fertilizer are additionally applied twice every year;
s5 water control: spraying water to the African daisy every 3-4 days after planting until the surface of the African daisy is wet, and watering when the matrix surface of the African daisy is dry in the true leaf period;
s6 weeding: in the second year after planting, weeding for at least five times, clearing ditches and earthing up, and keeping no weed and no hardening in the ground;
the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of wrapping material, 10-15 parts of chestnut shells, 10-20 parts of biochar-based fertilizer, 10-20 parts of edible fungus culture medium byproducts, 10-20 parts of euryale ferox, 10-15 parts of yellow sand, 5-15 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 5-15 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 5-15 parts of sawdust, 5-15 parts of bamboo vinegar, 3-10 parts of furnace slag, 1-10 parts of bat manure and 1-10 parts of compound fertilizer;
the water fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 10-50 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 10-50 parts of medical stone extracting solution, 1-5 parts of nano silver sol, 5-10 parts of insect repellent, 1-10 parts of citric acid, 1-5 parts of trace elements and 3000 parts of water;
the edible fungus culture medium byproduct is a byproduct obtained after edible fungus cultivation after mixing 10-15 parts of hawthorn leaves, 5-15 parts of mangosteen shells, 5-15 parts of camphor barks, 5-15 parts of garlic straws, 3-15 parts of oil-tea camellia dregs, 3-8 parts of lime, 1-8 parts of grape cumic vines, 1-8 parts of sugarcane peels and 1-5 parts of neem; the probiotic is prepared by mixing 20-30% of acetic acid bacteria, 25-30% of phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria, 20-30% of nitrobacteria and 20-25% of bacillus in percentage by weight; the wrapping material consists of 5-10 parts by weight of chitosan, 5-10 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 3-8 parts by weight of lignocellulose and 2-8 parts by weight of modified polyvinyl alcohol;
the biochar-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of peanut shell carbon, 5-10 parts of rice shell carbon and 1-5 parts of wheat straw carbon; the compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1-5 parts of magnesium chloride.
2. The gerbera jamesonii planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the Maifanitum extract comprises: pulverizing Maifanitum, grinding into powder, adding water 50-100 times of Maifanitum, mixing, and adding Na2CO3Adjusting pH of the solution to 7.5-8.0, boiling for 0.5-1 hr, cooling, filtering, and collecting clear solution; mixing the filter residue with water 50-100 times the weight of the filter residue, adding citric acid to adjust pH to 4.0-5.5, heating and boiling for 0.5-1h, cooling, adding vermiculite 0.1-0.5 times the weight of the filter residue, soaking for 24-48h, filtering to obtain clear liquid, and mixing the clear liquids to obtain the Maifanitum extractive solution.
3. The method for planting gerbera jamesonii according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the nano silver solComprises the following steps: taking AgNO3Dissolving in water to prepare AgNO3Adding PVP into the solution, uniformly mixing, and dropwise adding NaBH4Continuously stirring the solution for 1-2h to obtain nano silver sol; wherein AgNO3PVP and NaBH4The mass ratio of (1: 1.2-1.5): 0.1-0.5.
4. The gerbera jamesonii planting method according to claim 3, wherein said AgNO is3The molar concentration of the solution is 0.001-0.1mol/L, and the NaBH is4The molar concentration of the solution is 0.1-0.5 mol/L.
5. The planting method of African daisy according to claim 1, wherein the insect repellent consists of carbendazim, acetamiprid and triadimefon, and the mass ratio of the carbendazim, the acetamiprid and the triadimefon is 1-5: 0.5-2: 0.1-2.
6. The planting method of gerbera jamesonii according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by a method comprising:
(1) mixing peanut shell carbon, rice shell carbon and wheat straw carbon according to parts by weight to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer for later use;
(2) mixing the modified polyvinyl alcohol, the chitosan, the lignocellulose and the zeolite powder according to parts by weight, and then extruding, injecting or pressing the mixture under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain a wrapping material for later use;
(3) dissolving the eurycoma longifolia with water, mixing with yellow sand, chestnut shells, molasses fermentation waste, bat dung, sawdust, furnace slag and edible fungus culture medium byproducts to obtain a mixture, stacking, and covering the upper surface of a black plastic bag for fermentation;
(4) keeping the temperature in the fertilizer pile at 40-45 ℃ and the humidity at 55% in the fermentation process, turning the pile or spraying water for cooling when the pile temperature exceeds 50 ℃, and finishing primary fermentation after fermenting for 18-20 days; then adding bamboo vinegar liquid during turning and uniformly mixing, and then carrying out secondary fermentation at 30-35 ℃ for 7-8 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;
(5) mixing the fermentation mixture, the compound fertilizer, the spare biochar-based fertilizer and the nitrification inhibitor, putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, drying the mixture until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4mm, uniformly coating the fertilizer particles with a coating material, and drying the fertilizer particles until the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent to obtain the base fertilizer.
7. The planting method of African daisy according to claim 1, wherein the water fertilizer is prepared by the following method: putting potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and water into a container, stirring until the raw materials are dissolved, adding molasses fermentation liquor, medical stone extracting solution, nano silver sol, insect repellent and trace elements according to a proportion, stirring uniformly, and adding citric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.0 to obtain the water fertilizer.
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| CN107324879A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-07 | 芜湖玖荣生物科技有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner for lifting African Chrysanthemum quality |
| CN107400513A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-28 | 芜湖玖荣生物科技有限公司 | A kind of African Chrysanthemum planting soil modifying agent |
| CN109526660A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-03-29 | 遵义市绿丰果蔬有限公司 | A kind of African daisy culture method |
| CN107674681A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-02-09 | 芜湖玖荣生物科技有限公司 | A kind of African Chrysanthemum soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107652980A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-02-02 | 芜湖玖荣生物科技有限公司 | One kind plantation African Chrysanthemum soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107821078A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-03-23 | 广西长耀隆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of tulip |
| CN108243855B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2020-04-07 | 塔里木大学 | Yellow sand cultivation and planting method |
| CN108834812A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州省务川县神仙谷花卉农牧林开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of African Chrysanthemum |
| CN112390660B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-08-09 | 成都聚力混凝土有限公司 | Special vegetation concrete for slope protection and greening and preparation method thereof |
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