CN108243855B

CN108243855B - Yellow sand cultivation and planting method

Info

Publication number: CN108243855B
Application number: CN201810189866.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭占明; 杜红斌; 徐崇志; 轩正英; 张娟; 阿依买木·沙吾提; 刘义飞; 郭玲; 侯彦忠; 赵劲飞
Original assignee: Tarim University
Current assignee: Tarim University
Priority date: 2018-03-02
Filing date: 2018-03-02
Publication date: 2020-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-02
Also published as: CN108243855A

Abstract

The invention discloses a yellow sand cultivation and planting method, which comprises the following steps: setting planting furrows with an interval of 0.8m in the protected land, reserving drainage ditches with a depth of 0.35m outside the planting furrows, covering and fixing a mulching film in the drainage ditches, and arranging an underground liquid storage tank at the tail end outside the cultivation area of the protected land; water flow of the planting furrows can smoothly flow from the inner side to the outer side, HDPE is uniformly covered in the planting furrows, and the two sides, the inner side and the outer side of the planting furrows are tightly wrapped; fully mixing and stirring the slag and the yellow sand according to the mass ratio of 3: 5, uniformly paving the mixture into a planting ditch, after paving a matrix, flood-irrigating the planting ditch with water mixed with a disinfectant and a bactericide, and washing the matrix twice; then, a drip irrigation pipe is laid on the substrate, and then a mulching film is covered. The invention has the advantages of low investment cost, locally available furnace slag and yellow sand, simple use and operation and easy acceptance by common people. The planting mode is more convenient and rapid, and the effects of saving time, labor and labor are achieved.

Description

Yellow sand cultivation and planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a yellow sand cultivation and planting method.

Background

Northwest juncture of China in Xinjiang province, fragile ecological environment and severe natural environment. In the production process of the protective land in the southern Xinjiang area, the problems of serious soil salinization degree, low temperature stress in winter and spring, continuous soil sitting obstacle, high cost of soilless culture medium, low yield per unit, low utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources and the like are solved. The area of south Xinjiang has more sunny days and less cloudy days, drought and less rain, long sunshine time, more accumulated temperature, short frost period, large day-night temperature difference, desertLarge area, serious salinization of land, more than 14-16h of sunshine all day, 2550 h of sunshine all year round and 3500h of sunshine all year round. The solar radiation energy is very rich, and the total amount is 5200-²。。

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the characteristics of the areas, the invention provides a novel cultivation mode, namely a yellow sand cultivation mode.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the yellow sand cultivation mode comprises the following steps:

s1, digging planting furrows with the length of 8m, the width of 0.4 m, the depth of 0.3m on the inner side and the depth of 0.35m on the outer side in the protected area, wherein the interval between every two planting furrows is 0.8m (serving as a channel for field management), drainage ditches with the depth of 0.35m are reserved on the outer sides of the planting furrows, and mulching films are covered in the drainage ditches and fixed well, so that redundant moisture and fertilizers can be discharged in the crop management process; an underground liquid storage tank is arranged at the tail end outside the cultivation area of the protected land, so that the recovery of redundant water and fertilizers is facilitated;

s2, after the planting furrows are dug according to corresponding requirements, pouring large water in the planting furrows, and observing whether the water flows outwards from the inner sides of the planting furrows; if not, covering or clearing soil in the planting furrows, repeatedly checking to enable water flow to smoothly flow from the inner side to the outer side, then uniformly covering HDPE in the planting furrows, tightly wrapping the two sides, the inner side and the outer side of the planting furrows, not shearing high-density PE films of two planting furrows, sequentially connecting and covering, and fixing the high-density PE films; the high-density PE film can isolate the soil under the planting furrows from returning alkali and salt, effectively blocks the loss of water and fertilizer, avoids water body pollution and secondary salinization, and is beneficial to the growth of crops.

S3, fully mixing and stirring the slag and the yellow sand according to the mass ratio of 3: 5, and uniformly paving the mixture into the planting furrows without too loose during paving; after the substrate is paved, the planting furrows are irrigated by water mixed with the disinfectant, the substrate is washed twice, pathogenic bacteria and diseases in the substrate are removed as much as possible, and salt and alkali in the slag and the yellow sand are washed away as much as possible; then, the drip irrigation pipe is laid on the matrix, and the mulching film is covered on the matrix, so that the evaporation of the water in the matrix can be reduced, the functions of soil moisture preservation, water preservation and fertilizer preservation are realized, the indoor humidity is reduced, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the service life of the drip irrigation belt is prolonged. In the process of using the drip irrigation system under the film, the drip irrigation system needs to be watered in a small amount of water, and the fertilizer is used for a plurality of times. Because in this system, if there is excess water in the planting furrows, once drainage is not particularly sufficient, this can lead to retting phenomena, which are not favourable for the growth of the crops. Thus, the whole yellow sand cultivation mode is established.

The yellow sand cultivation mode is different from the traditional cultivation mode and the groove type matrix cultivation mode, the investment cost of the whole yellow sand cultivation mode is low, the furnace slag and the yellow sand can be obtained from local materials, the use and the operation are simple, and the yellow sand cultivation mode is beneficial to the acceptance of common people. The planting mode is more convenient and rapid, and the effects of saving time, labor and labor are achieved. The substrate of the yellow sand and the slag solves the problem of large temperature change of the roots of the crops, so that the temperature of the roots of the crops is relatively stable, and the substrate also plays a role in water retention. The yellow sand and the slag matrix solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of soil, can realize continuous planting of vegetables of the same family and the same genus for many years, is convenient for technicians to continuously manage certain vegetables, accumulates abundant planting experience and management experience, and can promote the rapid development of vegetable planting technology. The high-density PE film relatively isolates the matrix from the external environment, and prevents the soil from returning alkali and salt, nutrient solution and the like to pollute the external soil environment, particularly the underground water. The drip irrigation tape is hidden under the mulch, so that the service life of the drip irrigation tape can be prolonged, and the production cost is indirectly reduced. The drip irrigation under the film is used to save water and make the roots of the plant fully absorb the needed nutrients and oxygen in the soil at different depths.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a yellow sand cultivation mode, which is suitable for the cultivation of open and protected crops, and is more utilized in the cultivation of the protected crops, and the yellow sand cultivation mode specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, according to the planting area of the protected land and the requirements of the crop growth on the plant spacing, the row spacing and the root system growth space, digging planting furrows with the length of 8m, the width of 0.4 m, the inner side depth of 0.3m and the outer side depth of 0.35m in the protected land, wherein the interval between every two planting furrows is 0.8m (serving as a channel for field management), drainage ditches with the depth of 0.35m are reserved on the outer sides of the planting furrows, and mulching films are covered in the drainage ditches and fixed well, so that redundant moisture and fertilizers can be discharged in the crop management process; an underground liquid storage tank is arranged at the tail end outside the cultivation area of the protected land, so that the recovery of redundant water and fertilizers is facilitated;

s2, after the planting furrows are dug according to corresponding requirements, pouring large water in the planting furrows, and observing whether the water flows outwards from the inner sides of the planting furrows; if not, covering or clearing soil in the planting furrows, repeatedly checking to enable water flow to smoothly flow from the inner side to the outer side, then uniformly covering HDPE (high-density PE film with the characteristics of aging resistance, high strength, small tensile elongation, strong solvent resistance, stress resistance and strong cracking resistance) in the planting furrows, tightly wrapping the two sides, the inner side and the outer side of the planting furrows, not shearing the high-density PE films of the two planting furrows, sequentially connecting and covering, and fixing the high-density PE films; the high-density PE film can isolate the soil under the planting furrows from returning alkali and salt, effectively blocks the loss of water and fertilizer, avoids water body pollution and secondary salinization, and is beneficial to the growth of crops.

S3, sufficiently mixing and stirring the slag and the yellow sand according to the mass ratio of 3: 5 to prepare a culture medium, wherein the slag is granular and can not be too large, and mainly plays a role in supporting and ventilating; the yellow sand does not contain soil generally and has the function of water retention. The physicochemical property of the evenly mixed matrix completely meets the requirement of crop growth and is similar to that of a normal matrix. Then uniformly paving the prepared culture medium in the planting furrows, wherein the prepared culture medium is not too loose when being paved, yellow sand absorbs more solar heat in the daytime and is stored in soil below and on two sides of the planting furrows, and the stored heat is released at night to provide heat required by root growth, so that the growth of the root system is facilitated; after the substrate is paved, the planting furrows are irrigated by water mixed with the disinfectant, the substrate is washed twice, pathogenic bacteria and diseases in the substrate are removed as much as possible, and salt and alkali in the slag and the yellow sand are washed away as much as possible; then, the drip irrigation pipe is laid on the matrix, and the mulching film is covered on the matrix, so that the evaporation of the water in the matrix can be reduced, the functions of soil moisture preservation, water preservation and fertilizer preservation are realized, the indoor humidity is reduced, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the service life of the drip irrigation belt is prolonged. In the process of using the drip irrigation system under the film, the drip irrigation system needs to be watered in a small amount of water, and the fertilizer is used for a plurality of times. Because in this system, if there is excess water in the planting furrows, once drainage is not particularly sufficient, this can lead to retting phenomena, which are not favourable for the growth of the crops. Thus, the whole yellow sand cultivation mode is established.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A yellow sand cultivation and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, digging planting furrows with the length of 8m, the width of 0.4 m, the depth of 0.3m on the inner side and the depth of 0.35m on the outer side in the protected area, wherein the interval between every two planting furrows is 0.8m, drainage ditches with the depth of 0.35m are left on the outer sides of the planting furrows, and mulching films are covered in the drainage ditches and fixed well, so that redundant water and fertilizers can be discharged in the crop management process; an underground liquid storage tank is arranged at the tail end outside the cultivation area of the protected land, so that the recovery of redundant water and fertilizers is facilitated;

s2, after the planting furrows are dug according to corresponding requirements, pouring large water in the planting furrows, and observing whether the water flows outwards from the inner sides of the planting furrows; if not, covering or clearing soil in the planting furrows, repeatedly checking to enable water flow to smoothly flow from the inner side to the outer side, then uniformly covering the planting furrows with high-density PE films, tightly wrapping the two sides, the inner side and the outer side of the planting furrows, not shearing the high-density PE films of the two planting furrows, sequentially connecting and covering, and fixing the high-density PE films;

s3, fully mixing and stirring the slag and the yellow sand according to the mass ratio of 3: 5, uniformly paving the mixture into the planting furrows, after paving the matrix, flooding the planting furrows with water mixed with a disinfectant and a bactericide, washing the matrix twice, removing pathogenic bacteria and diseases in the matrix, and washing off saline and alkaline in the slag and the yellow sand; then, a drip irrigation pipe is laid on the substrate, and a mulching film is covered on the drip irrigation pipe.