CN210537835U

CN210537835U - Vertical type heat preservation bin special for overwintering, freezing-proof close planting and cultivation of grapevine

Info

Publication number: CN210537835U
Application number: CN201920511744.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张光弟; 李欣; 李玉鼎; 俞晓艳; 尹清雨; 哈婷; 方海田; 张晓宇; 李金娜; 杨亚丽; 叶林
Original assignee: Ningxia University
Current assignee: Ningxia University
Priority date: 2019-04-16
Filing date: 2019-04-16
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-16

Abstract

The utility model relates to a grape cultivation heat preservation apparatus especially relates to a grape trellis formula is prevented frostbite and is densely planted special heat preservation storehouse of cultivation that overwintering especially, a heat preservation storehouse that is used for the grape trellis formula to prevent frostbite and densely plants cultivation method that overwintering, its characterized in that heat preservation storehouse is the tubbiness of the big-end-up back-off made by insulation material, it has observation and light filling hole to open on its up end, the equipment is equipped with sealed apron on observation and light filling hole. The technical scheme can greatly reduce the cost and labor intensity of soil burying, cold prevention and overwintering, avoid damage to grape sprout eyes and branches and tendrils due to repeated ice-water freezing and thawing, effectively avoid the damage of late frost to grape plants in spring, and is very favorable for stabilizing the grape yield and controlling the tree vigor. The technical scheme is very suitable for the buried region needing soil in winter.

Description

Vertical type heat preservation bin special for overwintering, freezing-proof close planting and cultivation of grapevine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a grape cultivation heat preservation apparatus especially relates to a special heat preservation storehouse of grape tree formula close planting cultivation of preventing frostbite overwintering.

Background

In most areas in the north of China, grapes need to be buried in soil for cold protection and overwintering. On one hand, the labor cost for burying soil in early winter and unearthing in spring accounts for about one third of the management expenditure cost of a vineyard all the year round, and on the other hand, the temperature change in early spring is large, the late frost is frequently disturbed, the yield of grapes is seriously influenced, and the two aspects become bottlenecks for limiting the industrialized development of grape cultivation in northern cold regions. At present, the method of adopting heat insulation materials to manufacture cotton quilt cover instead of burying soil is adopted at home. However, in the using process of the method, because the space between the covered cotton quilt and the ground surface is very small, the moisture on the ground surface is frozen on the branches and tendrils, and the grape buds and the branches and tendrils are damaged due to repeated ice-water freezing and thawing.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a special heat preservation storehouse of grape tree vertical type anti-freezing close planting cultivation that wintering is prevented frostbite, is good, the cost of surviving the winter is low, receives early spring frost to influence little.

In order to realize the purpose of the utility model, the technical scheme of the utility model is that: a grape vine standing type overwintering anti-freezing close planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:

A. shallow trench cultivation foundation work: before planting, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer about 8-10 cubic meters, crushed crop straw about 8000-10000 jin and calcium superphosphate 50 kg per mu on a field to be planted, and positioning planting furrows, wherein the planting furrows are in the north-south direction; the width of the ditch is 0.8-1.0 meter, the depth is 0.8-1.0 meter, the organic matter and soil spread on the surface layer are cleared away from the east side before the first ditch is dug, the dug soil is stacked towards the west, 20cm of surface layer soil between the first planting ditch and the second planting ditch is pushed to the first ditch along with the organic matter, the surface layer soil and the organic matter are formed to be mixed and buried in the first ditch to be level or slightly higher, and then the first ditch is irrigated with drip irrigation to soil compaction or irrigated with large water to compact for one time, so as to ensure that the bottom of the planting ditch is lower than the mouth of the ditch by about 20 cm;

B. planting and cultivating: planting and cultivating the grapes into the bottoms of the planting furrows, wherein the planting distance is 1.0-1.5 meters, and the row distance is 2.0-3.0 meters;

C. autumn scissors before overwintering: cutting 5-6 fruiting mother branches uniformly distributed on the upper head part of the columnar head grape; one fruiting mother branch with at least 3 bud holes is cut on the columnar double-hook tree form, the length of the single-side mother branch is 40 cm, and 2 fruiting mother branches with 2 buds are cut at the branch part of the columnar double-hook tree form and are distributed correspondingly;

D. spraying a 3-5-degree Brix lime sulfur mixture on the pruned branches and tendrils of the grapes, and then filling enough overwintering water;

E. buckling a bin: buckling the pruned branches and tendrils of the vine by using a heat preservation bin before freezing, burying annular soil with the height of 8-10 cm at the edge of the bottom of the heat preservation bin, and sealing the bottom of the heat preservation bin and the ground;

F. uncovering the heat preservation bin in spring: and in the spring of the next year, the sprouting condition of the grape branches and tendrils in the heat preservation bin is observed through the observation and light supplement holes on the heat preservation bin, the heat preservation bin is removed after late frost, and the heat preservation bin is recovered.

In the step of autumn shearing before overwintering, the total height of the tree body after the autumn shearing is about 55 cm, and the length of the mother branch on one side is about 40 cm.

A heat preservation bin for a vertical overwintering anti-freezing close planting cultivation method of a grape vine is characterized in that the heat preservation bin is in a barrel shape which is made of heat preservation materials and is large in the lower part and small in the upper part, an observation and light supplement hole is formed in the upper end face of the heat preservation bin, and a sealing cover plate is assembled on the observation and light supplement hole.

The heat insulation material for manufacturing the heat insulation bin is polystyrene, and the density of the polystyrene is more than 20kg/m³The wall thickness of the heat preservation bin is 3-5 cm.

The technical scheme has the following characteristics: 1. the grape plants, the branches and tendrils and the root systems are buckled in the heat preservation bin through the truncated cone-shaped heat preservation bin made of the heat preservation material, and due to the fact that the space in the heat preservation bin is large, when the humidity in the heat preservation bin is too high, water vapor can flow to the ground along the wall of the heat preservation bin or frost is formed on the inner wall of the heat preservation bin, the small environment in the heat preservation bin cannot form icing on the branches and the buds, damage to the grape buds and the branches due to repeated ice-water freezing and thawing is avoided, and the yield of grapes can be effectively improved; 2. according to the technical scheme, the process of burying soil for cold protection and overwintering is omitted, so that the labor cost for burying soil in the early winter and unearthing in spring is only about one tenth of the traditional cost, and the cost and labor intensity of management expenditure of the grape garden are greatly reduced; 3. because the observation and light supplement holes are formed in the top surface of the heat preservation bin, the growth condition of grape plants can be observed through the observation and light supplement holes in spring, the illumination is supplemented timely, and the heat preservation bin is uncovered after late frost in spring; 4. the heat preservation bin is made of light heat preservation materials, when the heat preservation bin is removed, direct physical damage to buds, branches and tendrils of plants can not be caused, damage to tree phases is avoided, and the heat preservation bin is very beneficial to stabilizing the yield of grapes and controlling tree vigor; 5. because the technology does not need to take soil to press and bury the grape plants, the situation that the winter wind and sand rise to pollute the environment in the northwest soil-burying cold-proof area due to the soil disturbance required by soil burying is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the heat-insulating bin of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention in fig. 2;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the usage state of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the heat preservation bin 2 is in a reversed bucket shape with a large lower part and a small upper part, an observation and light supplement hole is formed in the upper end face, and a sealing cover plate 1 is assembled on the observation and light supplement hole.

When pruning is carried out in autumn, the total height of the tree body is controlled to be about 55 cm, the diameter of the crown of the head-shaped bearing mother branch is controlled to be within 40 cm, and after pruning, the whole plant is carefully sprayed with 3-5 DEG Brix lime sulfur mixture once. After the overwintering water is filled, the heat preservation bin is buckled in a forward running mode when the field can be operated, grape plants are located in the center of the heat preservation bin, the bottom edge of the heat preservation bin is filled with soil about 10 centimeters or is compacted by a flexible ring bag mechanically or manually after the bin is buckled, annular sealing mound 4 with the height of about 10 centimeters is formed between the bottom of the heat preservation bin and the ground 5, and cold wind entering the heat preservation bin and uncovering the heat preservation bin during overwintering are strictly prevented.

In spring 4 of the next year, the sealing cover plate 1 on the observation and light supplement hole on the upper end surface of the heat preservation bin 2 is uncovered, the germination condition of the grape branches and tendrils 3 in the heat preservation bin is observed through the observation and light supplement hole on the heat preservation bin, the grape branches and tendrils in the heat preservation bin can be ventilated and illuminated through the observation and light supplement hole according to weather conditions, after late frost, the heat preservation bin can be uncovered once, recovered and stored in a sun-proof manner.

According to the winter minimum temperature of different regions, the heat-insulating bin adopts heat-insulating materials suitable for local places, such as the density is more than 20kg/m³The polystyrene heat-insulating material.

Through the contrast experiment of traditional soil burial winter protection and this technical scheme's heat preservation storehouse winter protection overwintering, the experimental species: cabernet sauvignon, the experimental number is 20 each mother branches. The density of the heat preservation bin is 20kg/m³The polystyrene material is made, and the wall thickness of the heat preservation bin is 3.5 cm.

The results show that the survival rate of the tree bodies is 100% when the heat preservation bin is adopted for overwintering and the traditional soil-buried overwintering, and the single tree body germination rate of the tree bodies adopting the heat preservation bin for overwintering is 7.37% higher than that of the single tree bodies adopting the traditional soil-buried overwintering, which indicates that the advantage of the heat preservation bin for overwintering is that of the tree bodies adopting the soil-buried overwintering.

According to different areas in winterThe lowest temperature and the like, the density of the heat preservation bin can be more than 20kg/m³The wall thickness of the heat-insulating bin can be increased to about 5 cm.

Claims

1. The special vertical heat-insulating bin for overwintering, antifreezing and close planting cultivation of the grapevine is characterized in that the heat-insulating bin (2) is in a barrel shape which is made of heat-insulating materials and is large at the bottom and small at the top, an observation and light supplement hole is formed in the upper end surface of the heat-insulating bin, and a sealing cover plate (1) is assembled on the observation and light supplement hole.

2. The vertical type thermal insulation cabin for the overwintering, freezing-proof and close planting cultivation of grapevine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation material for manufacturing the thermal insulation cabin is polystyrene, and the density of the polystyrene is more than 20kg/m³The wall thickness of the heat preservation bin (2) is 3-5 cm.