CN112243776B - Planting method for improving content of nutrient substances in tea seeds - Google Patents

Planting method for improving content of nutrient substances in tea seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112243776B
CN112243776B CN202010836722.6A CN202010836722A CN112243776B CN 112243776 B CN112243776 B CN 112243776B CN 202010836722 A CN202010836722 A CN 202010836722A CN 112243776 B CN112243776 B CN 112243776B
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parts
tea
planting
powder
soil
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CN112243776A (en
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郑寨生
袁名安
吴殿星
孔向军
李朵姣
胡新荣
江丽
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Zhejiang Jiangkang Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, in particular to a planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds, which comprises the following steps: preparing a special organic fertilizer, and conditioning soil; selecting high-yield tea seed varieties, treating seedlings with disinfectant, and planting and managing according to a tea seed production mode. The fertilizer used by the method disclosed by the invention contains various elements and active organisms, can effectively improve the soil structure, loosens the hardened soil, is beneficial to growth of tea trees and improvement of the quality of tea seeds, and can improve the content of functional component substances in the tea seeds and improve the quality of the tea seeds.

Description

Planting method for increasing content of nutrient substances in tea seeds
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, in particular to a planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds.
Background
Tea seeds are seeds of tea trees which are plants of camellia in the camellia family, are byproducts of tea production for thousands of years, but have the oil content of about 30 percent, so that the tea seeds are increasingly regarded as high-quality woody oil. The edible tea seed oil squeezed by using tea seeds as raw materials is rich in nutrient functional components such as polyphenol, squalene, vitamin E and the like. With the development of social economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of the market on the nutritional quality and quality safety of the edible oil are higher and higher, and the requirements of people on the diversification, health care and pollution-free of the edible oil are stronger and stronger. At present, tea trees mainly use leaves, and a chemical fertilizer is generally applied in the planting process of the tea trees, so that the tea trees are beneficial to the vegetative growth of the tea trees and the improvement of the tea leaf yield, but soil hardening is easily caused, the quality of tea leaf seeds is unstable, the yield is low, and the deep processing and utilization of the tea leaf seeds are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil adjustment: digging out weeds and trees in a plantation, crushing the weeds and the trees into powder of 3-5mm, then applying the powder back to soil, applying an organic compound fertilizer according to 1000-1200kg per mu, loosening the soil by 50-60cm, and carefully raking the soil;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of Shashawang, 30-50 parts of milk vetch and 15-24 parts of pine needles, crushing into powder with the granularity of 0.5-1.3cm, and uniformly grinding the powder, 50-80 parts of biogas residues, 70-100 parts of kitchen waste and 30-70 parts of sweet potato residues to obtain a premix; b. fermentation: adding 10-15 parts of pond sludge, 7-15 parts of ore powder, 8-12 parts of adsorbent and 1-2 parts of talcum powder into the premix, uniformly mixing, adding 8-10 parts of urea, 9-13 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts of ferric chloride and 10-20 parts of plant ash, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to 65-75%, stacking for 5-8 days at 40-50 ℃, adding 3-8 parts of microorganism, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 2-3 weeks at 30-35 ℃, and inoculating 8-10 parts of earthworm to culture for 10-15 days; the preparation method of the ore powder comprises the following steps: mixing 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 30-40 parts of medical stone, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 30-50 parts of celestite in parts by mass, heating to 150-180 ℃ in an environment with oxygen content lower than 3%, preserving heat for 30-50min, stopping heating, and crushing all ores into 0.1-0.3mm powder when the temperature is reduced to 66-77 ℃; the adsorbent is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal and nano activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.3; the microorganism is prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3;
s2, planting tea seedlings: selecting tea tree species with high barrenness resistance, drought resistance and fruiting performance, cultivating tea seedlings of annual or two-year-old tea trees, and soaking the tea seedlings in disinfectant for 20-30min before planting; digging planting holes in a tea garden according to the row spacing of 150-160cm and the line spacing of 180-220cm, applying fishpond sludge with the thickness of 5-10cm at the bottom of each planting hole, transplanting tea seedlings into the planting holes, covering soil, and performing field management according to a tea seed production mode; the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 10-30 parts by mass of biogas slurry, 5-8 parts by mass of slurry obtained by crushing branches and leaves of macleaya cordata, 2-3 parts by mass of potassium nitrate and 500-800 parts by mass of clear water; the diameter of the bottom of the planting hole is 40-50cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 40-50cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fertilizer adopted in the planting method disclosed by the invention contains various elements and active organisms, can effectively improve the soil structure, loosen the hardened soil, create good conditions of moisture, ventilation and temperature for the growth and development of the root system of the tea tree, play an important role in promoting the roots and strengthening the seedlings, activating the soil and increasing the yield and quality, can provide required nutrient elements according to the growth and development of the tea seeds, continuously meet the requirements of the tea seeds on nutrient substances at the later growth and development stage, and can slowly and permanently release the nutrient elements by combining the growth characteristics and the fertilizer requirement rule of the tea seeds, so that the growth of the tea seeds is facilitated, the content of functional substances in the tea seeds is increased, and the quality of the tea seeds is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil adjustment: digging out weeds and trees in a plantation, crushing the weeds and the trees into powder of 3mm, applying the powder back to soil, applying an organic compound fertilizer according to 1000kg per mu, loosening the soil by 50cm, and carefully raking the soil;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. uniformly mixing 50 parts of Shashawang, 30 parts of milk vetch and 15 parts of pine needles, crushing into powder with the granularity of 0.5cm, and uniformly grinding the powder, 50 parts of biogas residues, 70 parts of kitchen waste and 30 parts of sweet potato residues to obtain a premix; b. and (3) fermentation: adding 10 parts of pond sludge, 7 parts of ore powder, 8 parts of adsorbent and 1 part of talcum powder into the premix, uniformly mixing, adding 8 parts of urea, 9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of ferric chloride and 10 parts of plant ash, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to 65%, stacking for 5 days in an environment at 40 ℃, adding 3 parts of microorganism, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 2 weeks in an environment at 30 ℃, and inoculating 8 parts of earthworm to culture for 10 days; the preparation method of the ore powder comprises the following steps: mixing 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 30 parts of medical stone, 20 parts of vermiculite and 30 parts of celestite, heating to 150 ℃ in an environment with oxygen content lower than 3%, preserving heat for 30min, stopping heating, and crushing all ores into 0.1mm powder when the temperature is reduced to 66 ℃; the adsorbent is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal and nano activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.3; the microorganism is prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3;
s2, planting tea seedlings: selecting annual tea seedling of Veronica sinensis, and soaking the tea seedling in disinfectant for 20min before planting; excavating planting holes in a tea garden according to the row spacing of 150cm and the row spacing of 180cm, applying fishpond sludge with the thickness of 5cm at the bottom of each planting hole, transplanting tea seedlings into the planting holes, covering soil, and performing field management according to tea seed production; the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 10 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of slurry obtained by crushing branches and leaves of macleaya cordata, 2 parts of potassium nitrate and 500 parts of clear water in parts by mass; the diameter of the bottom of the planting hole is 40cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 40cm.
Example 2
A planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil adjustment: digging out weeds and trees in a plantation with roots, crushing the weeds and the trees into 5mm powder, applying the powder back to soil, applying an organic compound fertilizer according to 1200kg per mu, loosening the soil by 60cm, and carefully raking and crushing the soil;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. uniformly mixing 70 parts of shazhanwang, 50 parts of astragalus sinicus and 24 parts of pine needles, crushing into powder with the particle size of 1.3cm, and uniformly grinding the powder, 80 parts of biogas residues, 100 parts of kitchen waste and 70 parts of sweet potato residues to obtain a premix; b. fermentation: adding 15 parts of pond sludge, 15 parts of ore powder, 12 parts of adsorbent and 2 parts of talcum powder into the premix, uniformly mixing, adding 10 parts of urea, 13 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ferric chloride and 20 parts of plant ash, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to be 75%, stacking for 8 days in an environment at 50 ℃, adding 8 parts of microorganism, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 3 weeks in an environment at 35 ℃, and inoculating 10 parts of earthworm to culture for 15 days; wherein, the preparation method of the ore powder comprises the following steps: mixing 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 40 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite and 50 parts of celestite in parts by mass, heating to 180 ℃ in an environment with oxygen content lower than 3%, preserving heat for 50min, stopping heating, and crushing all ores into 0.3mm powder when the temperature is reduced to 77 ℃; the adsorbent is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal and nano activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.3; the microorganism is formed by mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and saccharomycetes in a mass ratio of (3);
s2, planting tea seedlings: selecting two-year-old tea seedlings of Vernonia species tea trees, and soaking the tea seedlings in disinfectant for 30min before planting; digging planting holes in a tea garden according to the row spacing of 160cm and the row spacing of 220cm, applying fishpond sludge with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of each planting hole, transplanting tea seedlings into the planting holes, covering soil, and performing field management according to tea seed production; the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 30 parts of biogas slurry, 8 parts of slurry obtained by crushing branches and leaves of macleaya cordata, 3 parts of potassium nitrate and 800 parts of clear water in parts by mass; the diameter of the bottom of the planting hole is 50cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 50cm.
Example 3
A planting method for improving the content of nutrient substances in tea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil adjustment: digging out weeds and trees in a plantation with roots, crushing the weeds and the trees into 4mm powder, applying the powder back to soil, applying an organic compound fertilizer according to 1100kg per mu, loosening the soil by 55cm, and carefully raking the soil;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. uniformly mixing 66 parts of shazhanwang, 44 parts of astragalus sinicus and 18 parts of pine needles, crushing into powder with the particle size of 1.3cm, and uniformly grinding the powder, 50 parts of biogas residues, 100 parts of kitchen waste and 30 parts of sweet potato residues to obtain a premix; b. and (3) fermentation: adding 15 parts of pond sludge, 7 parts of ore powder, 12 parts of adsorbent and 1 part of talcum powder into the premix, uniformly mixing, adding 10 parts of urea, 9 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of ferric chloride and 10 parts of plant ash, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to 75%, stacking for 5 days in an environment at 50 ℃, adding 3 parts of microorganism, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 2 weeks in an environment at 35 ℃, and inoculating 10 parts of earthworm to culture for 10 days; the preparation method of the ore powder comprises the following steps: mixing 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 30 parts of medical stone, 30 parts of vermiculite and 30 parts of celestite in parts by mass, heating to 180 ℃ in an environment with the oxygen content lower than 3%, preserving the temperature for 30min, stopping heating, and crushing all ores into 0.1mm powder when the temperature is reduced to 77 ℃; the adsorbent is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal and nano active carbon in a mass ratio of 2.3; the microorganism is prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3;
s2, planting tea seedlings: selecting two-year-old tea seedlings of Vernonia species tea trees, and soaking the tea seedlings in disinfectant for 20min before planting; digging planting holes in a tea garden according to the row spacing of 160cm and the row spacing of 180cm, applying fishpond sludge with the thickness of 10cm at the bottom of each planting hole, transplanting tea seedlings into the planting holes, covering soil, and performing field management according to tea seed production; the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 10 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of slurry obtained by crushing branches and leaves of macleaya cordata, 3 parts of potassium nitrate and 500 parts of clear water in parts by mass; the diameter of the bottom of the planting hole is 45cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 45cm.
Test examples
In a Jinhua tea seed planting base in Zhejiang, 6 mu of a tea garden of a dove-pit type tea tree with the age of 6 years is selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, wherein each group is 3 mu, the control group is planted by applying commercially available decomposed chicken manure according to a traditional method, the experimental group is planted according to the method, other management measures are consistent in two groups, after tea seeds are harvested, the disease incidence rate of the tea trees is counted, and the nutrient content in the tea seeds and the microbial content in the soil of the planting garden are measured. The experimental results are as follows:
tea tree disease statistics and tea seed functional component content determination
Figure GDA0002847384550000061
It can be seen that the organic fertilizer has low disease incidence rate during tea tree planting, the content of functional components such as tea seed polyphenol and the like collected by the organic fertilizer is obviously higher than that of a control group, and the number of microorganisms in a plantation is obviously higher than that of the control group. The invention has obvious effect on tea seed production.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (1)

1. A planting method for improving the contents of polyphenol, squalene and vitamin E in tea seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil adjustment: digging out weeds and trees in a plantation with roots, crushing the weeds and the trees into powder of 3-5mm, then applying the powder back to the soil, applying an organic compound fertilizer according to 1000-1200kg per mu, loosening the soil by 50-60cm, and carefully raking the soil;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. uniformly mixing 50-70 parts of Shashawang, 30-50 parts of milk vetch and 15-24 parts of pine needles, crushing into powder with the granularity of 0.5-1.3cm, and uniformly grinding the powder, 50-80 parts of biogas residues, 70-100 parts of kitchen waste and 30-70 parts of sweet potato residues to obtain a premix; b. and (3) fermentation: adding 10-15 parts of pond sludge, 7-15 parts of ore powder, 8-12 parts of adsorbent and 1-2 parts of talcum powder into the premix, uniformly mixing, adding 8-10 parts of urea, 9-13 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts of ferric chloride and 10-20 parts of plant ash, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to 65-75%, stacking for 5-8 days at 40-50 ℃, adding 3-8 parts of microorganism, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting for 2-3 weeks at 30-35 ℃, and inoculating 8-10 parts of earthworm to culture for 10-15 days; wherein, the preparation method of the ore powder comprises the following steps: mixing 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 30-40 parts of medical stone, 20-30 parts of vermiculite and 30-50 parts of celestite in parts by mass, heating to 150-180 ℃ in an environment with oxygen content lower than 3%, preserving heat for 30-50min, stopping heating, and crushing all ores into 0.1-0.3mm powder when the temperature is reduced to 66-77 ℃; the adsorbent is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal and nano activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.3; the microorganism is prepared by mixing bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, aspergillus niger, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 3;
s2, planting tea seedlings: selecting infertile, drought-tolerant and high-fruitfulness tea tree varieties, cultivating annual or biennial tea tree seedlings, and soaking the tea seedlings in disinfectant for 20-30min before planting; digging planting holes in a tea garden according to the row spacing of 150-160cm and the line spacing of 180-220cm, applying fishpond sludge with the thickness of 5-10cm at the bottom of each planting hole, transplanting tea seedlings into the planting holes, covering soil, and performing field management according to a tea seed production mode; the preparation method of the disinfectant comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 10-30 parts by mass of biogas slurry, 5-8 parts by mass of slurry obtained by crushing branches and leaves of macleaya cordata, 2-3 parts by mass of potassium nitrate and 500-800 parts by mass of clear water; the diameter of the bottom of the planting hole is 40-50cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 40-50cm.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104926452A (en) * 2015-06-08 2015-09-23 柳州市侗天湖农业生态旅游投资有限责任公司 Tea tree planting special fertilizer
CN106718734A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 东兰县大洞林下药材种植专业合作社 A kind of method that dendrobium candidum is planted on stone
CN108990674A (en) * 2018-09-05 2018-12-14 贵州省普定县德胜茶叶专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of tea tree
CN109041984A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-21 松桃鑫山农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of selenium-enriched tea leaf implantation methods
CN109121923A (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-04 湖北孟宗生态茶叶有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of tealeaves
CN109258284A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-01-25 田月兵 A kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea
CN110663431A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-10 金华市农业科学研究院 Planting method for increasing yield of tea tree and tea seeds

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104926452A (en) * 2015-06-08 2015-09-23 柳州市侗天湖农业生态旅游投资有限责任公司 Tea tree planting special fertilizer
CN106718734A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 东兰县大洞林下药材种植专业合作社 A kind of method that dendrobium candidum is planted on stone
CN109121923A (en) * 2017-06-15 2019-01-04 湖北孟宗生态茶叶有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of tealeaves
CN109041984A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-21 松桃鑫山农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of selenium-enriched tea leaf implantation methods
CN108990674A (en) * 2018-09-05 2018-12-14 贵州省普定县德胜茶叶专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of tea tree
CN109258284A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-01-25 田月兵 A kind of high-quality excellent production cultural method of selenium-rich green tea
CN110663431A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-10 金华市农业科学研究院 Planting method for increasing yield of tea tree and tea seeds

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