CN109757148B - Method for preventing agricultural machinery from sinking into field in winter paddy field - Google Patents
Method for preventing agricultural machinery from sinking into field in winter paddy field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in a winter paddy field, which comprises the following steps: the depth of the plough layer of the winter paddy field with the plough layer depth larger than 20cm is reduced through continuous no-tillage, and the continuous no-tillage period is 2-4 years; after the depth of the plough layer is reduced, the soil plough layer of the paddy field is kept at 10-15cm through rotary tillage of a rotary cultivator, and the rotary tillage depth of the rotary cultivator is 10 cm; draining water and drying the field for the first time in the middle growth stage of rice, namely the tillering stage to before jointing, wherein the drying strength is that the water content of soil in a plough layer of 20cm in the field is reduced to 60-70%; and (5) draining and drying the field for the second time: in the later stage of rice growth, namely, in the second drainage drying field 10-15 days after the spike alignment, the compactness value of the soil surface layer is greater than the theoretical grounding pressure of a harvester to realize machine harvesting; water management during rice growth: in other periods except the time of twice draining and drying the fields, shallow water irrigation is mainly used in the fields. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck of mechanization of rice production in winter paddy fields (deep paddy fields), and can improve the rice yield; provides the no-tillage year of winter paddy field and the strength index of twice drying field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in a winter paddy field.
Background
Currently, the current state of the art commonly used in the industry is such that: the rice is planted in summer and the paddy fields are flooded in winter, which are conventionally called as 'winter paddy fields'. The winter paddy field is the main form of rice field management in the rice-ratooning rice area in south of east China. The main function of the winter paddy field is 'rain collection and preservation', the area has no irrigation water source, the paddy field collects rain in winter and stores water, and the water source for seedling raising and seedling transplanting in spring is guaranteed. In the long-term evolution process, the winter paddy soil has special physical properties, mainly expressed as structure dispersion, poor soil cohesiveness and plasticity and no plough bottom layer. The too deep plough layer is described as 'man passing knee, cattle passing abdomen and mechanical field leaving motionless', which seriously affects the development of rice planting mechanization. According to statistics, the winter paddy field area is one of the areas with the lowest agricultural mechanization level in China. Therefore, the research on the technology for preventing the agricultural machine from sinking into the field in the winter paddy field (deep foot field) and the breakthrough of the problem of the mechanical sinking into the field in the winter paddy field are one of the key technologies for developing the modern agriculture in the field.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the winter paddy field soil has special physical properties, mainly characterized by structure dispersion, poor soil cohesiveness and plasticity, no plough bottom layer and serious influence on the development of rice planting mechanization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in a winter paddy field.
The invention is realized in such a way that the method for preventing the sinking of the agricultural machine into the field in the winter paddy field comprises the following steps:
firstly, the depth of a plough layer of a winter paddy field with the plough layer depth larger than 20cm is reduced through continuous no-tillage, and the continuous no-tillage period is 2-4 years;
secondly, after the depth of a plough layer is reduced, the soil plough layer of the rice field is kept at 10-15cm through rotary tillage of a rotary cultivator, and the rotary tillage depth of the rotary cultivator is 10 cm;
thirdly, draining water and drying the paddy rice in the sun for the first time in the middle growth period of the paddy rice, namely the tillering prosperous period and before jointing, wherein the drying intensity is that the water content of soil in a plough layer of 20cm in the field is reduced to 60-70%;
fourthly, draining water and drying the field for the second time: in the later stage of rice growth, namely, in the second drainage drying field 10-15 days after the spike alignment, the compactness value of the soil surface layer is greater than the theoretical grounding pressure of a harvester to realize machine harvesting;
step five, water management during the growth period of the rice: in other periods except the time of twice draining and drying the fields, shallow water irrigation is mainly used in the fields.
Further, in the third step, the south-east winter paddy field area of the Sichuan basin is drained and sunned in the period from 5 months 15 to 5 months 30.
Further, the compactness value of the soil surface layer of 2.5cm in the fourth step is larger than the theoretical grounding pressure of the harvester, and the theoretical grounding pressure = mechanical gravity/crawler belt grounding area.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the invention creatively provides technical measures for constructing a reasonable plough layer through rotation-free combination and ensuring ideal compactness through two sections of sunning fields, so that the problem of sinking of the machine in the field can be solved, the technical bottleneck of mechanization of rice production in winter paddy fields (deep paddy fields) is broken through, and the rice yield can be improved; provides the no-tillage year of winter paddy field and the strength index of twice drying field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in a winter paddy field.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method aims at solving the problems that the soil in the winter paddy field has special physical properties, mainly shows that the structure is dispersed, the soil cohesiveness and plasticity are poor, no plough bottom layer exists, and the development of the rice planting mechanization is seriously influenced. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck of mechanization of rice production in winter paddy fields (deep paddy fields), and can improve the rice yield; provides the no-tillage year of winter paddy field and the strength index of twice drying field.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in winter paddy field provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: continuous no-tillage: the depth of the plough layer of the winter paddy field (deep foot field) with the plough layer depth larger than 20cm is reduced through continuous no-tillage, and the continuous no-tillage period is 2-4 years;
s102: rotary tillage and soil preparation by a rotary cultivator: after the depth of the plough layer is reduced, the soil plough layer of the paddy field is kept at 10-15cm through rotary tillage of a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage depth of the rotary cultivator is about 10cm, and the accumulation of force or mechanical deep ploughing is avoided;
s103: draining water for the first time and drying the land in the sun: in the middle growth stage of rice, namely the tillering stage to the stage before jointing, the water is drained for the first time to sun-dry the field, and the sun-dry strength is that the water content of soil in a plough layer of 20cm in the field is reduced to 60-70%. For example, in the southeast winter paddy field area of the Sichuan basin, the water is drained and the field is sunned generally in the period from 5 months 15 days to 5 months 30 days;
s104: and (5) draining and drying the field for the second time: in the later stage of rice growth, namely, in the second drainage drying field 10-15 days after the spike alignment, the compactness value of the soil surface layer (2.5 cm) is greater than the theoretical grounding pressure of a harvester (the theoretical grounding pressure = mechanical gravity/crawler grounding area), so that the machine harvesting can be realized;
s105: water management during rice growth: in other periods except the time of twice draining and drying the fields, shallow water irrigation is mainly used in the fields.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The technology is applied to 20 mu in Lucounty base of rice sorghum institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Sichuan province, and the effect is obvious.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preventing sinking of agricultural machinery in a winter paddy field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, the depth of a plough layer of a winter paddy field with the plough layer depth larger than 20cm is reduced through continuous no-tillage, and the continuous no-tillage period is 2-4 years;
secondly, after the depth of a plough layer is reduced, the soil plough layer of the rice field is kept at 10-15cm through rotary tillage of a rotary cultivator, and the rotary tillage depth of the rotary cultivator is 10 cm;
thirdly, draining water and drying the paddy rice in the sun for the first time in the middle growth period of the paddy rice, namely the tillering prosperous period and before jointing, wherein the drying intensity is that the water content of soil in a plough layer of 20cm in the field is reduced to 60-70%;
fourthly, draining water and drying the field for the second time: in the later stage of rice growth, namely, in the second drainage drying field 10-15 days after the spike alignment, the compactness value of the soil surface layer is greater than the theoretical grounding pressure of a harvester to realize machine harvesting;
step five, water management during the growth period of the rice: in other periods except the time of twice draining and drying the fields, shallow water irrigation is mainly used in the fields;
in the third step, the south-east winter paddy field area of the Sichuan basin is drained and sunned in the period from 5 months 15 days to 5 months 30 days;
and in the fourth step, the compactness value of the soil surface layer of 2.5cm is greater than the theoretical grounding pressure of the harvester, and the theoretical grounding pressure is equal to the mechanical gravity/crawler belt grounding area.
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| CN111587751A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Annual water management method for mechanized planting of rice-ratoon rice in winter paddy field |
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