CN107535290A - A kind of paddy rice planting method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107535290A CN107535290A CN201610456997.0A CN201610456997A CN107535290A CN 107535290 A CN107535290 A CN 107535290A CN 201610456997 A CN201610456997 A CN 201610456997A CN 107535290 A CN107535290 A CN 107535290A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice planting method, it is to fill row with bimodal big ridge furrow, the paddy rice planting method of entire mechanization cultivation management, change the topographic structure of conventional Rice Cropping field, agricultural machinery carries out rice field walking using the furrow on big ridge, the entire mechanization cultivation management of full field, micro-ridge platform seedling bandwidth narrow row is planted, mechanical inter-row cultivation weeding and top dressing, the row of filling in furrow, ridge face is anhydrous, topsoil foot moisture in the soil, pass through the integrated application of multinomial measure, accumulated temperature can be fought for, accelerate growth period duration of rice process, using water wisely, improve the utilization rate of water, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, realize that safety is ripe, plant out the rice of good quality and high output.
Description
Technical field：The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice planting method, is specifically carried out using the big ridge paddy rice in cold region of bimodal pattern whole
The site preparation sowing and field management of mechanization.Irrigation and drainage carry out the Rice Cropping new technology of management of the use of water in furrow.
Background technology：On the basis of the traditional flat pond of rice, waterflooding, water direct seeding or nursery rice transplanting cropping pattern, in order to
Rich water regulatory level is improved, Rice In Drought Rice Nursery site preparation ridge body fertilising rice transplanting cultivation technique occurs, is carried to reduce Rice Cropping cost
High rice quality, there is direct sowing on dry paddy field technology, and dry seeded rice sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation planting technology, rice ridge culture whole process machine
There is presently no the data of correlation and report for tool planting technology.By production practices, these technologies can't solve completely at present
Certainly some problems in Rice Cropping management, also have the following disadvantages and insufficient：1st, nursery rice transplanting cultivation seedbed soil and balance,
Greenhouse management, lifting, rice transplanting, the stage such as fill the gaps with seedlings, manually input was big, and later stage field management is spread due to field locomotive difficulty in walking
The operations such as fertilizer, spray can only lean on people to be walked in paddy field to carry out or be operated on Chi Geng, and not only efficiency is low, precision is poor,
And direct exposed to pesticides chemical fertilizer and the water that cools, grower's body can be damaged.2nd, rice ridging rice transplanting operation, due to
Using micro-ridge, high 3-5 ㎝ of row spacing 65cm, ridge, ridge top width 22-25cm are required after suppression, ridge is not high enough, during irrigation water management pair
The smooth degree in soil requires high, and full field ridge platform of pouring water heats that amplitude is low, and ridge platform is not wide enough, 25-27 centimetres of machine rice transplantation line-spacing,
Seedling band can not be inserted on the face of ridge.3rd, direct sowing on dry paddy field flat planting fills row and irrigate using horse race water, and differently section control is not accurate, low-lying
The emergence of ponding location is kept a full stand of seedings difficulty, and the date of seeding in time and seeding quality more than the big field of moisture and sowing season rainfall are not protected
Card, line-spacing is narrow, and machine-walking pressure seedling can not enter field and carry out the management such as weeding and spray, and accumulated temperature not enough can not be ripe safely.
4th, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation rice cultivation, equipment investment and operating cost are higher.5th, apply fertilizer, rice transplanting waterflooding plantation top dressing can only pass through table
Spread fertilizer over the fields in face, it is impossible to top dressing in the soil of seedling side, existing dry sowing plantation fertilizer, which disposably applies, is unable to top dressing, fertilizer supply not in time and
Utilization rate is low.
The content of the invention：The technical problem to be solved in the invention is to overcome deficiency existing for above-mentioned background technology, for cold ground
Rice provides a kind of entire mechanization Rice Cropping technology that can promote safety maturation and realize harvesting high-quality high-yield, and cold ground rice region is
Refer to winter frozen soil layer more than more than 1 meter, frost-free period it is shorter Rice Cropping area.The present invention is to fill row with bimodal big ridge furrow,
The paddy rice planting method that entire mechanization cultivation management is characterized.
1st, there is the big ridge of two hump type ridge platforms using ridge body top, ridge body is wide 120-135 centimetres, big furrow depth 10-15
Centimetre, wide 35-40 centimetres, the ridge platform of top two is each wide 30-35 centimetres, 3-5 centimetres of micro-ridge ditch depth on ridge, rice plant overground part
Divide and grown throughout one's life more than the water surface；2nd, the site preparation of full field entire mechanization, sowing, fertilising, dispenser, intertillage, top dressing, weeding cultivation
Management method；3rd, water period is needed to carry out filling draining according to leaf age in furrow, ridge platform is anhydrous, topsoil foot moisture in the soil, does not establish full water in field
The management of the use of water mode of layer.
Plant flow：Non-irrigated site preparation drought ridging-ridge higher slice fertilising, apply fertilizer to the subsoil and seed deeply kind-town with seed manure-machinery limit
Pressure-corrugation irrigation foot moisture in the soil is kept a full stand of seedings, draining hardening-field face herbicide spraying and insecticide, on ridge seedling band side impose deeply fetilizer for tillering and
Ear manuer, comb control tiller water, booting heading water and grouting water are filled, foliar fertilizer is sprayed, mechanical tillage and weeding-cut solarization, picks up standing grain-straw
Stalk returning to the field-turn over site preparation.Change the topographic structure of conventional Rice Cropping field by bimodal big ridge, it is real using the width on big ridge
Existing agricultural machinery field walking, entire mechanization cultivation management is carried out, realizes that ridge face is anhydrous using the difference in height of furrow and ridge platform,
The row of filling in ditch, the accurate water layer management and control of topsoil foot moisture in the soil, increase the accumulated temperature accumulation of rice on the basis of water demand is met, improve
Rice maturity and quality, realize that seedling bandwidth narrow row is planted using micro-ridge platform, mechanical inter-row cultivation weeding and top dressing, create more preferable
Space and soil environment, realize seedlings are uniform and strong formed high yield plant type.Bimodal big ridge, there is the big ridge knot of the double ridge platforms of hump formula on ridge
Structure, big ridge furrow is close with existing agricultural locomotive wheelspan away from 120-135 centimetres, is easy to carry out full field machinery work along furrow walking
Industry, ridge platform is high, and ridge face is smooth, and width is big, it is ensured that seeding operation quality and the distribution of rational wide-and narrow-row seedling band, ridge face moisture
Small to be more conducive to sow and apply fertilizer and tillage and weeding operation, big ridge furrow is deep, is advantageous to field irrigation and drainage management and water level is precisely controlled,
Ridge bottom by tire roll fill draining it is rapider, it is easier to accomplish that furrow has Shui Long faces anhydrous, small furrow can be more preferable on ridge
The ventilative control for heating and being easy to ridge internal water.Live drought pipe, similar entire mechanization farming site preparation, sheet are planted with dry land
Field is sowed and the planting patterns of field management.It is an advantage of the invention that by the integrated application of multinomial measure, accumulated temperature, the same period are fought for
The rice of growth can increase accumulated temperature 200-300 degree, accelerate growth period duration of rice process, can accelerate 10-15 days, realize safety into
It is ripe, good quality and high output.Accumulated temperature is the key index that crops are introduced a fine variety, accumulated temperature needed for current main cultivated rice cultivars, substantially all and kind
The effective accumulated temperature in growing area domain is close, and conventional waterflooding plantation is a large amount of to be filled rows and cool water, is absorbed substantial amounts of field heat energy, is reduced field
Between temperature, cause crop accumulated temperature reach needed for index time increase, as a result cause breeding time to extend, exceeded locality it is frostless
Phase, here it is why rice takes one of the principal element of seedling in greenhouse planting patterns at present.The big ridge cultivation of rice improves
The heated surface area of soil, enhances permeability, hence it is evident that improves the physicochemical characters such as water, the gas of the soil of topsoil, soil temperature has significantly
Improve, the degree of soil temperature 2-3 can be improved, promote germination full stand, robust seedling, and big Tanaka be directly bred as drought take root it is especially big strong
Seedling, root amount is big, and root hair is more, and root white vascular bundle is flourishing, and suction rich water ability is strong, is educated with the seedling dry matter weight of leaf age hundred higher than conventional
Seedling, the increment in later stage is big, and grain number per spike, stem are thick, plant height is above rice transplanting seedling, non-irrigated site preparation dry sowing kind do not carry out stirring slurry level land and
Excessively suppression, does not destroy soil texture, is not in the phenomenon that rice root is broken in the cracking of field face when dry field heats.According to water
Rice nutrient uptake feature soil measurement formula, is timed positioning supply, ridge body deep placement base fertilizer, applying seed manure under seedling band, in the deep soil in seedling band side
Fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer are imposed, seedling band sprays foliar fertilizer, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.It is live to have saved nursery than traditional Rice Cropping and insert
The expense of seedling, per hectare can save 3000-4000 yuan of expense, but short in cold ground rice workspace frost-free period, and protecting field nursery rice
Reduced than bearing time, dry sowing rice generally one week more late than general planting full heading time or so, it is necessary to grabbed in variety selection and before robbing
Make an issue of in the morning, and proper seeding robs accumulated temperature after vernalization, and Root Growth of Rice needs temperature to be less than overground part, become strong in low temperature soil
Root, thermophilic are unearthed, and suitably can be carried out as long as the ridge upper limit seed deeplys kind of a ridge platform top layer soil moisture content, ensure that date of seeding and kind layer depth,
Tiller management is controlled for full stand and later stage and creates condition, is rationally increased application rate and is reduced tillering quantity to shorten tillering stage.It is wide on ridge
Narrow row seedling band, edge effect are fully demonstrated, and illumination is good, and the seedling stage of direct-sowing dry meets super thin planting nursery requirement, bring out what is come
All it is especially big strong sprout, well developed root system, the increase of plant straw stiffness, plant type tends to be reasonable, form high yield struture.Plant protection and body-building are prevented
Disease, due to rice plant growth, seldom the contact water surface, the pest and disease damage such as banded sclerotial blight and Liriomyza greatly reduce on the platform of ridge,
Seedling-slowing stage robust plant, degeneration-resistant disease resistance enhancing are not suffered from, machinery enhances medication precision into dispenser farm work, sprayed
Safe and efficient herbicide, insecticide, bactericide, and intertilled, weeding, both reduce pesticide dosage and also reduced manually
Operating cost, laid a good foundation for production green rice, reduce damage of the disease pest to " 4 leaves ", make its fresh and alive to harvest
Phase, it is the guarantee of rice high yield.Draining management and control is filled, using irrigation and drainage in furrow, the irrigation pipe of water layer is not established in time of infertility field face
Reason method, suitable moisture in the soil are kept a full stand of seedings, and the seedling stage long strong sprout of drought, are carried out suitably in each critical period of water need combination rain event according to different leaf ages
Moisturizing, sufficient moisture in the soil, irrigation, using water wisely improves the utilization rate of water, the moisture of the furrow quickly row of filling and accurate management and control topsoil, reduction
Soil hardening, which is realized, caused by the waterflooding of field face or sprinkling irrigation keeps a full stand of seedings, control tiller, accelerating, does not establish water layer, reduces filling row's water that cools and inhale
The heat walked, field day and night temperature are increased, and light respiration consumption is reduced, and Carbohydrate Accumulation increases, planned water stress,
Accomplish that four leaf stage frontal lobe does not seal row, strive for fringe envelope row, guarantee is provided for the lifting of yield and quality.
Embodiment：
First, site preparation ridging：Autumn drought site preparation is smooth in small, broken bits, 18-20 centimetres of depth, the ploughshare of conventional ridger is routinely ploughed
Bar depth is installed, and ploughs 120-135 centimetres of spacing（Designed according to traction locomotive wheelspan and rice cultivation kind plant height
Row spacing）, 35-40 centimetres of moldboard afterbody spacing, it is installed according to the standard of 10 centimetres of ridging depth as shallow among each two ploughshare
Remaining ploughshare（Trussed beam lifts 10 centimetres）, the cm of moldboard tail spacing 25, in by field that is smooth and ploughing, according to big ridge
The standard of 18-20 centimetres of trench depth carries out ridging operation, is suppressed in time according to soil moisture content, reaches design ridge type standard, and ridge body is wide
120-135 centimetres, big furrow is deep 10-15 centimetres, wide 35-40 centimetres, and the ridge platform of top two is each wide 30-35 centimetres, on ridge
3-5 centimetres of micro-ridge ditch depth；
2nd, apply fertilizer：Soil measurement formula is carried out according to rice regulation of fertilizer requirement and target output, formulates dose and proportioning, timing positions
Supply.
1st, ridge higher slice applies fertilizer, 6-8 centimetres of base fertilizer depth, 3-4 centimetres of seed manure depth；
2nd, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, shift to an earlier date 1-2 days according to the conventional rice plantation leaf age diagnostic fertilization phase, existed with fertilizer machinery
Impose in the 3-4 centimetres of soil of 3 centimetres of depth of seedling side, poured water in good time after fertilising；
3rd, 2-3 quick-acting foliar fertilizer is sprayed according to rice growing way.
3rd, sow：
1st, variety selection：Rice selection moderate growth duration, the kind that bud gesture is good, talent arch soil power is strong, yielding ability is good, rice is of fine quality；
2nd, seed treatment：It is coated, best vernalization of having ready conditions；
3rd, application rate：Rational close planting, application rate is increased according to different cultivars shooting property；
4th, date of seeding:Sowed with the local corn same period；
5th, seeding operation：2-3 bar seedling bands, drilling or bunch planting on each micro-ridge platform, seedling band forms wide-and narrow-row on big ridge after emergence
Layout, seeder ferti-seeding on ridge are once completed, and the area that rainfall influences operation easily occur in Low land block and date of seeding
Or the time can apply fertilizer in soil moisture content suitable time, date of seeding, carries out seeding operation with light-duty seeder, ensures date of seeding and seeding quality,
Key is that limit seed deeplys kind, and seed level is consistent, and thickness of earth covering on layer is planted after suppression and must not exceed 2 centimetres.
4th, rear before seedling management is broadcast：1st, upper seeding weight is disposably save seedling from damage basic, is suppressed in time with reference to soil moisture content；2 and
When spray closing herbicide.
5th, field irrigation and drainage management
Output the filling row's ditch communicated with canal of pouring water, the row's of filling ditch and each big ridge furrow in position according to physical features and water source situation
Communicate, roll that to reach furrow irrigation and drainage system unblocked using ditching plow and tire, it is fast that furrow fills drainage speed, is easy to control field
Between water depth, reaching furrow has water, and ridge platform is anhydrous, the standard of soil foot water.
1st, full stand water：Corrugation irrigation, regulation kind layer moisture, control kind layer soil water-containing are carried out according to soil moisture content and rain fall
Amount more than 65%, when seed base-root extends 1.5 cms, timely draining control moisture in the soil, field drought educates strong sprout, to 4 leaf phases；
2nd, tiller water：Rice goes out leaf age and reaches 4 leaves pours water in time, promotes low section position tiller, and control water layer does not flood ridge platform, drought
Direct seading rice tillering node is low, and the tiller impetus is violent, when total stem tiller number reaches the 75% of expected numbers, answers timely draining, dry field control
Tiller；
3rd, booting heading water：Rice enters boot stage, most sensitive to moisture, water shortage will have a strong impact on small ear formed, pollinate by
Smart and small panicle uniformity, water irrigating depth is close with ridge platform, keeps sufficient water to the pustulation period；
4th, be in the milk water：This period wants abundance to pour water, and improves setting percentage, increases grain weight, improves rice root vigor, extends blade work(
Can the phase；
5th, japonica rice grows suppressed when higher than 37 DEG C, the cooling of megathermal period corrugation irrigation；
6th, milk stage, it is wet based on wet to irrigate dry dry and wet；
7th, the stage of yellow ripeness, it is wet based on dry to irrigate dry dry and wet.
6th, field dry land machine management：Operation locomotive can enter rice field using furrow as walking passageway, realize with
The similar full field work pattern of soybean, corn.
According to manufacturing requirements, from suitable equipment, carry out every farming operations：1st, herbicide spraying, 2, seedling side chases after
Fertilizer, 3, spray foliar fertilizer, 4, seedling interband tillage and weeding, 5, spray insecticide and bactericide.
7th, harvest in good time：It is the optimal harvest time of rice when 90% Grain Ripening of rice, because dry~sowing paddy is straw staygreen,
Using feed reaper or cut solarization pick up standing grain swath harvesting can reduce harvest loss and Grain water, be optimal harvest
Mode.
8th, stalk is handled：Stalk is forbidden burning, and is collected utilization or sheds rear returning to the field improved soil.
9th, autumn site preparation, autumn ridging.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. paddy rice planting method, it is characterised in that：It is to fill row with bimodal big ridge furrow, entire mechanization cultivation management Paddy rice planting method,1st, there is the big ridge of two hump type ridge platforms using ridge body top, ridge body is wide 120-135 centimetres, big 10-15 centimetres of furrow depth, Wide 35-40 centimetres, the ridge platform of top two is each wide 30-35 centimetres, 3-5 centimetres of micro-ridge ditch depth on ridge, and rice plant aerial part is whole Life grows more than the water surface；2nd, the site preparation of full field entire mechanization, sowing, fertilising, dispenser, intertillage, top dressing, weeding cultivation management method；3rd, water period is needed to carry out filling draining according to leaf age in furrow, ridge platform is anhydrous, topsoil foot moisture in the soil, does not establish the use of full water in field layer Water management mode.
- 2. the implantation methods described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plantation flow is that non-irrigated site preparation drought ridging-ridge higher slice is applied Fertilizer, apply fertilizer to the subsoil and seed deeply kind-suppression-corrugation irrigation foot moisture in the soil with seed manure-machinery limit and keep a full stand of seedings, draining hardening-field face sprays weeding Agent and insecticide, seedling band side imposes fetilizer for tillering and ear manuer deeply on ridge, fills comb control tiller water, booting heading water and grouting water, sprays Foliar fertilizer, mechanical tillage and weeding-cut solarization, pick up standing grain-straw-returning-and turn over site preparation.
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| CN108464205A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-31 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of spring maize set live streaming late rice two crops a year implantation methods |
| CN109220654A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method |
| CN109247095A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 黄山金昕生态农业开发有限公司 | The big ridge of rhizoma polygonati covers micro-ridge planting technology |
| CN110679415A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-14 | 华中农业大学 | Cost-saving high-quality cultivation method for machine-harvested ratoon rice capable of avoiding mechanical rolling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108464205A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-31 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of spring maize set live streaming late rice two crops a year implantation methods |
| CN109247095A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 黄山金昕生态农业开发有限公司 | The big ridge of rhizoma polygonati covers micro-ridge planting technology |
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| CN109220654A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method |
| CN110679415A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-14 | 华中农业大学 | Cost-saving high-quality cultivation method for machine-harvested ratoon rice capable of avoiding mechanical rolling |
| CN110679415B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-11-12 | 华中农业大学 | Cost-saving high-quality cultivation method for machine-harvested ratoon rice capable of avoiding mechanical rolling |
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