CN114600721A - High-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhu rice - Google Patents

High-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhu rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114600721A
CN114600721A CN202210371033.1A CN202210371033A CN114600721A CN 114600721 A CN114600721 A CN 114600721A CN 202210371033 A CN202210371033 A CN 202210371033A CN 114600721 A CN114600721 A CN 114600721A
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rice
sowing
fertilizer
cultivation method
seeds
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Inventor
唐清杰
王惠艰
严小微
唐力琼
王效宁
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Grain Crop Research Institute Hainan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Grain Crop Research Institute Hainan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhang rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) variety: sensitive varieties or temperature sensitive varieties of the Shancang rice; (2) land selection and preparation: ploughing, drying the land and harrowing; (3) sun-drying seeds and coating before sowing; (4) sowing: sowing seeds, soil and fertilizer; the covering depth cannot exceed 3 cm; (5) fertilizing and managing: applying a base fertilizer; applying tillering fertilizer in the first heart stage of three leaves; after the tillering fertilizer is applied, respectively spraying prohexadione calcium and salicylic acid; (6) weeding; (7) and (4) preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The method can effectively improve the yield of the upland rice and improve the appearance quality of the upland rice.

Description

High-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhu rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of oryza sativa, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of high-quality oryza sativa.
Background
Shanzhu rice (Shanlan rice) is a special land rice variety in Hainan, is mainly cultivated in Li nationality areas in Hainan, and is a grain on which Li nationalities depend to live. The Shanzhu rice has the advantages of heat resistance, disease resistance, insect resistance and good ecological adaptability, but compared with other conventional rice varieties, most varieties of the Shanzhu rice have the defects of few tillers, high stalks, poor plant types, poor appearance quality, low yield and the like. The Yangkou et al detected the rice quality of 17 Hainan Shandong Daizi rice varieties, and the result shows that in the mountain Daizian rice variety that supplies to survey, only the chalk grain rate and the chalk whiteness degree of black tail variety reached the index of 2 grades of high-quality indica rice, and the chalk grain rate and the chalk whiteness degree of other varieties are 47 ~ 99% and 11 ~ 41% respectively, are showing higher than the index of high-quality rice. A study on specific regional Oryza sativa variety Hibiscus 1 in Hainan by Chua Bright et al showed that the variety yield was 5017.5kg/hm2The grain yield is 87.3 percent, the rice yield is 77.4 percent, the whole rice yield is 63.5 percent, the chalky grain rate is 33.2 percent, the chalky degree is 6.0 percent, the transparency is 3 grades, the alkali digestion value is 3.1 grades, the amylose content is 18.0 percent, the gel consistency is 46mm, the grain length is 8.4mm, and the length-width ratio is 2.5.
The production and development of the oryza glauca are severely limited because the oryza glauca is low in yield and poor in quality and is not beneficial to commercial development. The breeding and cultivation technique is the main direction for improving the yield and appearance quality of the Shanzhu rice. However, the current breeding work of the variety of the oryza sativa is slow, the yield of the relatively high-yield oryza sativa No. 1 is only about 300 kg/mu, and the yield is still low, so that the market demand is difficult to meet. In the high-yield cultivation technology of the oryza glauca, related research is less. No related cultivation technology for improving the appearance quality of the high mountain rice is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the prior art, the application provides a method for high-yield cultivation of the Shanzhang rice.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following contents:
a high-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanguo rice comprises the following steps:
(1) variety: sensitive varieties or temperature sensitive varieties of the Shancang rice;
(2) land selection and preparation: ploughing, drying the land and harrowing;
(3) sun-drying seeds and coating before sowing;
(4) sowing: sowing seeds, soil and fertilizer;
(5) fertilizing and managing: applying a base fertilizer; applying tillering fertilizer in the first heart stage of three leaves; after the tillering fertilizer is applied, respectively spraying prohexadione calcium and salicylic acid;
(6) weeding;
(7) and (4) preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 10-30 kg per mu.
Preferably, the tillering fertilizer is sprayed with the calcium cyclamate after being applied for 2-4 days.
Preferably, the salicylic acid is sprayed after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20-25 days.
Preferably, the dosage of prohexadione calcium is 2-3 g per mu.
Preferably, the concentration of the salicylic acid is 50-150 mg.L-1。
Preferably, the variety of the oryza glauca is shanzhu land number 1.
Preferably, step (6) is: before seedling emergence after sowing, 150-160ml butachlor is used for preemergence weeding per mu when soil is wet; one week later, the bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder is used; the wettable benzyl-dichloro powder is sprayed on weeds in the 3-4 leaf stage for 20 days, and 30-35g of quinclorac is uniformly sprayed on each mu for weeding.
The overall technical steps of the invention are summarized as follows:
1. variety: the rice is divided into glutinous rice and glutinous rice, which are mainly photosensitive varieties. Selecting a variety with high field yield, good resistance, fragrant rice and good market prospect; selecting and breeding a variety: selecting a new high-quality and high-yield Shanzhu rice variety bred by grain crop research institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Hainan province in recent years: photosensitive Shanzhuchun No. 1, temperature-sensitive Shannuo No. 1, Shanxiang Shanzhang No. 2, and Haihe Shanzhang No. 1;
2. land selection and preparation: the land is more smooth and suitable for drill seeding, and the land with larger gradient is suitable for dibbling. Ploughing and sunning the land to reduce underground nematodes and weaken acidity of acidic soil; the harrowing is fine, the weeds are reduced, and the emergence of seedlings is facilitated;
3. sun seeding and coating treatment before sowing: firstly, placing rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 2-3 hours before sowing so as to improve the air permeability of seed coats and the germination rate of seeds; soaking the seeds of the Shangu rice for 10-12 hours before sowing, taking out, draining, and then mixing and coating the seeds; thirdly, coating with dispersant treated by Zhangda produced Shaosheng seeds, coating with 1 jin dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in a ratio of 1-2 ml of medicament mixed with 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds.
4. Sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Photosensitive type hillock rice seeds are only suitable for planting in the next half year (late rice), and the sowing time is suitable from 5 ten days to 6 months of the south of the sea; secondly, the temperature-sensitive type hillside rice seeds are sensitive to the temperature, early sowing of early rice is easy to be damaged by low temperature to cause dead bud rotten seedlings, so that the sowing time of early rice is recommended to be arranged after spring festival, late rice hillside rice is prevented from picking up and flowering, is influenced by bad weather such as typhoon, rainstorm and the like, and the seeds are sown in the middle ten days to 6 months.
After land preparation, shallow trenches (with the depth controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the plant spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sown per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent birds and rats. The reason that the conventional wood stick punching method is not adopted for sowing the rice in the hillside fields or the dry paddy fields as much as possible is suggested because the depth of holes is not easy to control when the hole punching method is used for sowing, the depth can exceed more than 5 cm, the seeds are easy to die or rot due to oxygen deficiency after the seeds are sowed too deeply and buried in soil, and the row spacing of the punched plants is inconsistent, so that the management is inconvenient.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15-20 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (or 300-500kg of farmyard manure) and 10-20 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; three leaves and one heart phase5-10kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast and applied per mu, and the fertilizer is not applied at other times. Spraying cyclic calcium carbonate (2-3 g per mu, 10kg of water) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 2-4 days, and spraying salicylic acid (100 mg. L) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20-25 days-1Salicylic acid solution, about 50L per acre).
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, 150-160ml butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu when soil is wet; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (60-80 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The 36% benzyl chloride wettable powder (60-80 g/mu, added with water by about 70kg) is used for weeding in the 3-4 leaf period, and 30-35g quinclorac (added with water by about 70kg) is uniformly sprayed on each mu after the herbicide is sprayed for 20 days. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
8. Harvesting on time
Other Shangu rice seeds doped in the field are removed before harvest in the mature process, the harvest tools are cleaned during harvest, and the processed Shangu rice is cut, harvested, sunned and stored separately according to different varieties to prevent mixing, so as to ensure that the processed Shangu rice has the same variety, regular appearance, consistent grain type and same properties.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention integrates the technologies of variety, soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, management, weeding and the like into a whole, and provides a high-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanzhu rice.
The visual quality such as chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree and the like is an important index of rice, and not only is the appearance attractive, but also the grinding quality and the taste quality are influenced. The method effectively reduces the chalk particle rate and chalkiness degree of the Shanlang rice, the chalk particle rate of the Shanlang rice No. 1 is as low as 20.3 percent, the chalkiness degree is as low as 3.7 percent, and the chalk particle rate and the chalkiness degree are respectively reduced by 39 percent and 42 percent relative to CK components.
The method effectively improves the yield to about 450 kg/mu, improves the yield by 35 percent compared with other cultivation methods, realizes the yield increase of the oryza sativa, and has important significance for the industrialized development of the oryza sativa.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but the following embodiments describe only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
The 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder has a total effective component content of 40%, wherein the pretilachlor content is 36%, and the bensulfuron methyl content is 4%. "%" means mass fraction.
The 36% benzyl chloride wettable powder has a total effective component content of 36%, wherein the content of the quinclorac is 33%, and the content of the bensulfuron methyl is 3%.
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5And the mass ratio of CaO to MgO is 18:25: 12.
The content ratio of each element in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15:15: 15.
The prohexadione calcium is a prohexadione calcium raw medicine, and the content of effective components is 88 percent.
Example 1: cultivation technique of Shanzhu rice (CK)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. sun seeding and coating treatment before sowing: before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, draining, and dressing; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times.
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Example 2: cultivation technique of Shanzhang rice (without salicylic acid)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, and mixing and coating after draining; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times. After the tillering fertilizer is applied for 3 days, the prohexadione calcium (3g per mu, 10kg of water is added) is sprayed.
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Example 3: cultivation technique of Shanzhu rice (non-regulating calcium cyclamate)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, and mixing and coating after draining; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times. Spraying salicylic acid (100 mg. L) 20 days after the tillering fertilizer is applied-1Salicylic acid solution, 50L per acre).
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; after one week, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Example 4: cultivation technique of Shanzhu rice (replacement of application time of ring regulated calcium and salicylic acid)
1. Variety information: shanzhu land No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, and mixing and coating after draining; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. And (3) digging shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) at a row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then dibbling the coated seeds in the trenches at a planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), dropping 5-6 seeds per point, and sowing 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is applied to each mu of leaves, and no fertilizer is applied at other times. 3 days after the tillering fertilizer is applied, salicylic acid (100 mg. L) is sprayed-1Salicylic acid solution 50L per mu), spraying and adjusting calcium cyclamate (3g per mu, 10kg of water) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20 d.
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Examples 5 to 7: cultivation technique of Shanzhu rice (different prohexadione calcium dosage contrast)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, and mixing and coating after draining; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times. Spraying cyclic calcium (2, 3, 4g per mu, 10kg of water) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 3 days, and spraying salicylic acid (100 mg. L) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20 days-1Salicylic acid solution, 50L per acre).
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; after one week, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Examples 8 to 10: cultivation technique of rice in hilly area (different salicylic acid concentration contrast)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, and mixing and coating after draining; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent the damage of birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times. Spraying cyclic calcium (3g per mu, 10kg water) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 3d, and spraying salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 mg.L) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20d-1Salicylic acid solution, 50L per acre).
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
Examples 11 to 13: cultivation technique of rice in hilly fields (different fertilization levels contrast)
1. Variety information: shanzhu Lu No. 1, japonica rice, origin: hainan Ledong county;
2. land selection and preparation: selecting a sloping field for testing, turning over the land, sunning the land and harrowing the land finely;
3. before sowing, putting the rice seeds on a cement floor or a dustpan for tedding for 3 hours; soaking the Shangu rice seeds for 12h before sowing, draining, and dressing; coating with dispersant treated by Zhengda yield Shaosheng seed, coating with 1-2 ml of medicine for 1 jin of dry Shanzhu rice seeds in the market in the proportion of 25ml of clear water, and sowing after slightly drying the rice seeds;
4. sowing: three-dry sowing, namely dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer sowing is adopted. Shallow trenches (the depth is controlled within 5 cm) are formed according to the row spacing of 7-9 inches (23 cm-30 cm), then the coated seeds are dibbled in the trenches according to the planting spacing of 6-7 inches (20 cm-23 cm), 5-6 seeds are dropped in each spot, and 1.1-1.25 ten thousand holes are sowed per mu. After sowing, the soil is covered lightly to prevent birds and rats.
5. Fertilization and management
Taking 15kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 10, 20 and 30kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers; in the first-heart period of three leaves, 5kg of urea tillering fertilizer is broadcast to each mu, and no fertilizer is applied in other times. Spraying cyclic calcium (3g per mu, 10kg of water) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 3d, and spraying salicylic acid (100 mg. L) after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20d-1Salicylic acid solution, 50L per acre).
6. Weeding
Before seedling emergence after sowing, when soil is wet, about 150ml of butachlor (added with water about 50kg) is used for weeding before germination per mu; one week later, 40% bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, added with water about 50kg) is added. The weeds are uniformly sprayed and weeded by 36 percent benzyl dichloride wettable powder (about 70 g/mu, about 70kg of water) in the 3-4 leaf stage, and about 30g quinclorac (about 70kg of water) is uniformly sprayed and weeded per mu after 20 days of spraying. The spraying time is selected in the afternoon when the soil is wet after rain, and high-temperature pesticide application is avoided.
7. And (3) pest control: according to a local conventional method, common plant diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, rice flax leaf spot, bacterial leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight, borer and the like are prevented and controlled.
The test method comprises the following steps: the treatment was carried out according to the method of the previous example. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the rice is harvested and dried in the sun, the per mu yield is counted, and the quality character detection is carried out according to GB/T17891-2017. The results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 Effect of prohexadione-calcium and salicylic acid on the yield and quality of oryza sativa
Chalkiness ratio (%) Whiteness (%) of the chalk Yield (kg/mu)
Example 1(CK) 33.0 6.1 327
Example 2 (Sinkiang calcium cyclamate) 39.3 6.9 392
Example 3 (salicylic acid applied singly) 29.2 5.7 373
Example 4 (salicylic acid first and calcium prohexadione second) 25.0 5.2 387
TABLE 2 influence of different amounts of prohexadione-calcium on the yield and quality of oryza sativa
Chalkiness ratio (%) Whiteness (%) of the chalk Yield (kg/mu)
Example 5(2g) 20.3 4.2 430
Example 6(3g) 22.2 4.3 439
Example 7(4g) 23.5 4.5 402
TABLE 3 influence of different salicylic acid concentrations on the yield and quality of oryza sativa
Chalky particle ratio (%) Chalkiness degree (%) Yield (kg/mu)
Example 8(50 mg. L)-1) 23.4 4.0 413
Example 9(100 mg. L)-1) 22.2 4.3 439
Example 10(150 mg. L)-1) 22.8 4.8 445
TABLE 4 influence of different fertilization levels on the yield and quality of oryza sativa
Chalky particle ratio (%) Whiteness (%) of the chalk Yield (kg/mu)
Example 11(10kg) 22.2 4.3 439
Example 12(20kg) 21.3 3.5 458
Example 13(30kg) 22.8 4.1 423
The results in table 1 show that single application of prohexadione calcium at the tillering stage can improve the yield of oryza glauca but the appearance quality is reduced, similar to the results of the studies of wanwenyu et al. The single application of the salicylic acid can improve the yield and the appearance quality to a certain extent. The combined use of the prohexadione calcium and the salicylic acid can synergistically promote the yield and the appearance quality of the Shanzhan rice. The results of examples 4 and 6 show that the effect of applying prohexadione calcium first and then salicylic acid is more pronounced.
The results in tables 1-3 show that the amounts of prohexadione calcium and salicylic acid have a certain effect on both the yield and the quality of oryza sativa when prohexadione calcium and salicylic acid are used in combination. When the dosage of the prohexadione calcium is 0-4 g, the yield and the appearance quality of the oryza sativa are increased and then reduced along with the increase of the dosage; the concentration of salicylic acid is 50-150 mg.L-1In the concentration range, the yield and the appearance quality of the oryza sativa are improved along with the increase of the concentration.
The results in table 4 show that the yield and appearance quality of oryza sativa increase first and then decrease as the amount of calcium magnesium phosphate in the base fertilizer increases.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high-yield cultivation method of high-quality Shanguo rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) variety: sensitive varieties or temperature sensitive varieties of the Shancang rice;
(2) land selection and preparation: ploughing, drying the land and harrowing;
(3) sun-drying seeds and coating before sowing;
(4) sowing: sowing by adopting dry seeds, dry soil and dry fertilizer;
(5) fertilizing and managing: applying a base fertilizer; applying tillering fertilizer in the first heart stage of three leaves; after the tillering fertilizer is applied, respectively spraying prohexadione calcium and salicylic acid;
(6) weeding;
(7) and (4) preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
2. A high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
3. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 10-30 kg per mu.
4. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied for 2-4 days and then the prohexadione calcium is sprayed.
5. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein salicylic acid is sprayed after the tillering fertilizer is applied for 20-25 days.
6. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of prohexadione-calcium is 2-4 g per mu.
7. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of salicylic acid is 50-150 mg-L-1。
8. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the variety of oryza sativa is oryza sativa No. 1.
9. The high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) is: before seedling emergence after sowing, 150-160ml butachlor is used for preemergence weeding per mu when soil is wet; one week later, the bensulfuron methyl-pretilachlor wettable powder is used; the wettable benzyl-dichloro powder is sprayed on weeds in the 3-4 leaf stage for 20 days, and 30-35g of quinclorac is uniformly sprayed on each mu for weeding.
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CN102783388A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 黄平县农业和扶贫开发局 Direct sowing culture method of rice
CN103081766A (en) * 2013-02-25 2013-05-08 湖南省神隆超级稻栽培研究中心 Method for cultivating super rice accurately and lightly and simply
CN103947495A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-30 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 Dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice
CN105794565A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-07-27 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for high-biomass lodging-resistant cultivation of rice
CN107094554A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-29 宁远县好放心米业有限责任公司 A kind of grain quality rice high-yield planting method
CN108029480A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 海南大学 The high yield cultivating method of mountain column rice water paddy irrigation plantation
CN109220650A (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-18 湖南省植物保护研究所 A kind of method of prevention and control weeds in paddy field
CN110012800A (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-07-16 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 A kind of mountain orchid rice dwarfing high-yield planting method

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102783388A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 黄平县农业和扶贫开发局 Direct sowing culture method of rice
CN103081766A (en) * 2013-02-25 2013-05-08 湖南省神隆超级稻栽培研究中心 Method for cultivating super rice accurately and lightly and simply
CN103947495A (en) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-30 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 Dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice
CN105794565A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-07-27 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 Method for high-biomass lodging-resistant cultivation of rice
CN107094554A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-08-29 宁远县好放心米业有限责任公司 A kind of grain quality rice high-yield planting method
CN108029480A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 海南大学 The high yield cultivating method of mountain column rice water paddy irrigation plantation
CN109220650A (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-01-18 湖南省植物保护研究所 A kind of method of prevention and control weeds in paddy field
CN110012800A (en) * 2019-05-21 2019-07-16 海南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 A kind of mountain orchid rice dwarfing high-yield planting method

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