CN107018834A - Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method - Google Patents

Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107018834A
CN107018834A CN201710248898.8A CN201710248898A CN107018834A CN 107018834 A CN107018834 A CN 107018834A CN 201710248898 A CN201710248898 A CN 201710248898A CN 107018834 A CN107018834 A CN 107018834A
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rice
water
field
seed
mechanical high
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Inventor
李阳
程建平
刘昌燕
赵锋
汪本福
张枝盛
陈少愚
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Hubei Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Institute Of Food Crops
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Hubei Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Institute Of Food Crops
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding method, this method beats field soil to equal pulpous state first by tractor, reuse laser planisher field soil is smooth on a horizontal line, crop field highest point and lowest part is set to differ within 2cm, it is smooth after sedimentation 3~5 days, by soil be adjusted to can be with ridging when sow；Seed is shone in the sun 2~3 days, then with bactericide soak seed 3~5h, then clean vernalization, when seed is urged to broken chest；Using rice precise direct-seeding machine, when rice shoot grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, using tillering fertilizer；When plant strain growth is to when earing, using ear manuer；Harvested when 100% yellow maturity of paddy using rice combine.The present invention can directly reduce seedling cost and labor cost input, per 666.7m250~100 yuan of seedling cost is saved, seedling recruitment 2~4 is saved；Than transplanting rice per 666.7m2Crop field can save 66.7~132m of seedling field2。

Description

Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique field, in particular to the cultivation that a kind of semilate rice mechanical high-efficient accurate quantification is live Method.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the main cereal crops of China, accounts for the 30% of national cereal cultivated area, the 40% of national total grain output. With the development of agricultural modernization, the increase of labor cost, Rice Production gradually develops to light simplified, efficient direction, has Research thinks that do mechanization operation is than Traditional Man operation volume increase paddy 1000kg/hm2, amount of increase in production is 5%~10%, is had Significant social and economic benefit.Current paddy machinery plantation mainly includes machine rice transplantation, mechanical rice casting, Mechanical direct sowing etc., preceding Both of which includes the seedling stage, although current seedling-cultivation technique is significantly increased, but needs for a large amount of labours or equipment etc. Cost, is unfavorable for further increasing rice cultivation economic benefit, and there is also problems with for current Mechanical direct sowing：
1) crop field is smooth not in place, and current big Tagayasu Den is whole or based on traditional mechanically actuated, it is multiple turn over after, Add water and beat, then natural subsidence, or the direct direct-sowing dry on the basis of preceding stubble, lack and crop field is subjected to accurate smooth step, enter And cause water partitioning after irrigating uneven, serious is likely to occur i.e. drought and the situation of flood；
2) professed machine lacks, and conventional live machinery is not related to out so that seed simply is sown into soil The steps such as ditch, fertilising, it is live after, crop field does not have gutter, it is necessary to which artificial extra trench digging, causes production cost to improve；
3) water management is not in place, and the water management of direct seading rice is most important, is related to emergence rate and last effective Fringe is how much, and the substantially conventional paddy rice planting method of current management method is similar, without strict differentiation after planting, emerge Afterwards, after tiller etc. crucial moment moisture consumption.
The content of the invention
The present invention is backward in technique for direct sowing of rice, it is impossible to which there is provided a kind of water for the problem of tackling in current Rice Production Rice mechanical high-efficient direct-sowing cultivating method；Method is simple and easy to apply, is conducive to increase rice yield and farmers' income.
To achieve the above object, a kind of semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding method that the present invention is provided, including following step Suddenly：
1) big Tagayasu Den is whole：Field soil is beaten to equal pulpous state using tractor, laser planisher is reused by field soil It is smooth crop field highest point and lowest part is differed within 2cm on a horizontal line, smooth rear sedimentation 3~5 days, by soil It is adjusted to sow when can be with ridging；
2) seed treatment：Seed is shone in the sun 2~3 days, then with bactericide 3~5h of seed soaking, then clean vernalization, will planted When son is urged to broken chest；
3) sow：Using rice precise direct-seeding machine, sowing line-spacing is fixed as 25cm, spacing in the rows is adjusted to 10~13cm, per cave Broadcast 2~4 seeds；
4) tillering fertilizer：When rice shoot grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, using tillering fertilizer；
5) ear manuer：When plant strain growth is to when earing, using ear manuer；
6) harvest：Harvested when 100% yellow maturity of paddy using rice combine.
Further, the step 1) in, it to be had suffered in big Tagayasu Den in journey, big Tanaka applies base manure, applied amount is 7.8~ 9.78kg/666.7m2Urea, 7.8~9.5kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide, 18~20kg/666.7m2Phosphorus pentoxide.
Yet further, the step 3) in, before rice precise direct-seeding machine sowing kind, seed is dressed seed with dry-raised nurse.
Yet further, the step 4) in, tillering fertilizer applied amount is 7.8~9.78kg/666.7m2Urea, 7.8~ 9.5kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide.
Yet further, the step 5) in, ear manuer applied amount is 10.4~13.04kg/666.7m2Urea, 10.4 ~12.7kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide.
Yet further, water management during the semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
1) field soil is adjusted to ridging for target before sowing；After planting to before emerging, field is not poured water；
2) start after emerging to tiller, little water filled toward field, when should not flood sowing from ridge；
3) tiller starts, up to sufficient before seedling, to pour water and flood 2~3cm of ridge；Sufficient before seedling 2~3 days starts dry field, by soil shine to Cracking is defined, then starts to pour water；
4) based on the water management after dry field is managed with alternation of wetting and drying, can not waterflooding for a long time,
When field is anhydrous, 1~2cm pellicular water or the water layer concordant with ridge is filled, until field is without bright water,
When people station is in field not filling pin, it can again pour water, be circulated with this；20 days after Heading filling, no longer pour water, dry field Until harvest.
Yet further, pest management during the semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
After emerging, rice thripses are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Using 4~5g pymetrozine, it is watered spraying；Mid-June starts Leaf roll snout moth's larva and striped rice borer are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel；Emphasis preventing and treating late July striped rice borer, Banded sclerotial blight, planthopper etc., difference 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel, 4~5g pymetrozine, 10~12.5g Jinggangmeisu, its be watered spraying preventing and treating；Mid-September focuses on the preventing and treating of planthopper, per 666.7m2Use 4~5g pyrrole aphid Ketone, it is watered spraying preventing and treating.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1) present invention can directly reduce seedling cost and labor cost input, per 666.7m2Saving seedling cost 50~ 100 yuan, save seedling recruitment 2~4；Than transplanting rice per 666.7m2Crop field can save 66.7~132m of seedling field2。
2) present invention can improve crop field flatness, be conducive to irrigating moisture it is reasonable, fully use, be less prone to it is i.e. non-irrigated again The situation of flood, improves WUEL 10%~20%.
3) the method can significantly improve emergence rate and number of productive ear amount, the paddy growth regularity in whole crop field is improved, into The ripe phase is consistent, is conducive to unified harvest.
4) present invention can promote promoting the use of for rice precise direct-seeding machine and crop field ploughing machine, improve Rice Production machinery Change level.
Embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but Present disclosure is not limited solely to following examples.
Embodiment 1：
Using semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding method in Hubei Tuanfeng County area to " wide two excellent 476 " carry out surveying production kind Plant：
1) big Tagayasu Den is whole：Field soil is beaten to equal pulpous state using tractor, laser planisher is reused by field soil Smooth crop field highest point and lowest part is differed within 2cm on a horizontal line, soil is adjusted to by smooth rear sedimentation 5 days Sowed when can be with ridging；Wherein, it is had suffered in big Tagayasu Den in journey, big Tanaka applies base manure, and applied amount is 9kg/666.7m2Urine Element, 8kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide, 18kg/666.7m2Phosphorus pentoxide；
2) seed treatment：Seed is shone in the sun 3 days, then with bactericide soak seed 3h, then clean vernalization, by seed urge to During broken chest；
3) sow：Before sowing, seed is dressed seed with dry-raised nurse, then using rice precise direct-seeding machine, line-spacing will be sowed 25cm is fixed as, spacing in the rows is adjusted to 12cm, per 2~4 seeds of bunch planting；
4) tillering fertilizer：When rice shoot grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, using tillering fertilizer, tillering fertilizer applied amount is 9kg/666.7m2's Urea, 8kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide；
5) ear manuer：When plant strain growth is to when earing, using ear manuer, ear manuer applied amount is 11kg/666.7m2Urea, 10.4kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide；
6) harvest：Harvested when 100% yellow maturity of paddy using rice combine.
Wherein, water management during above-mentioned semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
1) field soil is adjusted to ridging for target before sowing；After planting to before emerging, field is not poured water；
2) start after emerging to tiller, little water filled toward field, when should not flood sowing from ridge；
3) tiller starts, up to sufficient before seedling, to pour water and flood 2~3cm of ridge；Sufficient before seedling 2~3 days starts dry field, by soil shine to Cracking is defined, then starts to pour water；
4) based on the water management after dry field is managed with alternation of wetting and drying, can not waterflooding for a long time,
When field is anhydrous, 1~2cm pellicular water or the water layer concordant with ridge is filled, until field is without bright water,
When people station is in field not filling pin, it can again pour water, be circulated with this；20 days after Heading filling, no longer pour water, dry field Until harvest.
Pest management during above-mentioned semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
After emerging, rice thripses are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Using 4~5g pymetrozine, it is watered spraying；Mid-June starts Leaf roll snout moth's larva and striped rice borer are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel；Emphasis preventing and treating late July striped rice borer, Banded sclerotial blight, planthopper etc., difference 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel, 4~5g pymetrozine, 10~12.5g Jinggangmeisu, its be watered spraying preventing and treating；Mid-September focuses on the preventing and treating of planthopper, per 666.7m2Use 4~5g pyrrole aphid Ketone, it is watered spraying preventing and treating.
" wide two excellent 476 " convert into 666.7 square metres of yield to rice varieties by standard moisture 13.5% in the live high-quality of essence amount 707.4 kilograms, than manually spreading live volume increase 12.3%.
Embodiment 2：
Using semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding method in Jianli County area of Hubei Province to " wide two excellent 476 " carry out survey production Plantation：
1) big Tagayasu Den is whole：Field soil is beaten to equal pulpous state using tractor, laser planisher is reused by field soil Smooth crop field highest point and lowest part is differed within 2cm on a horizontal line, soil is adjusted to by smooth rear sedimentation 4 days Sowed when can be with ridging；Wherein, it is had suffered in big Tagayasu Den in journey, big Tanaka applies base manure, and applied amount is 8kg/666.7m2Urine Element, 8kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide, 18kg/666.7m2Phosphorus pentoxide；
2) seed treatment：Seed is shone in the sun 2 days, then with bactericide soak seed 3h, then clean vernalization, by seed urge to During broken chest；
3) sow：Before sowing, seed is dressed seed with dry-raised nurse, then using rice precise direct-seeding machine, line-spacing will be sowed 25cm is fixed as, spacing in the rows is adjusted to 12cm, per 2~4 seeds of bunch planting；
4) tillering fertilizer：When rice shoot grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, using tillering fertilizer, tillering fertilizer applied amount is 8kg/666.7m2's Urea, 8kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide；
5) ear manuer：When plant strain growth is to when earing, using ear manuer, ear manuer applied amount is 10.4kg/666.7m2Urea, 10.4kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide；
6) harvest：Harvested when 100% yellow maturity of paddy using rice combine.
Wherein, water management during above-mentioned semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
1) field soil is adjusted to ridging for target before sowing；After planting to before emerging, field is not poured water；
2) start after emerging to tiller, little water filled toward field, when should not flood sowing from ridge；
3) tiller starts, up to sufficient before seedling, to pour water and flood 2~3cm of ridge；Sufficient before seedling 2~3 days starts dry field, by soil shine to Cracking is defined, then starts to pour water；
4) based on the water management after dry field is managed with alternation of wetting and drying, can not waterflooding for a long time,
When field is anhydrous, 1~2cm pellicular water or the water layer concordant with ridge is filled, until field is without bright water,
When people station is in field not filling pin, it can again pour water, be circulated with this；20 days after Heading filling, no longer pour water, dry field Until harvest.
Pest management during above-mentioned semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
After emerging, rice thripses are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Using 4~5g pymetrozine, it is watered spraying；Mid-June starts Leaf roll snout moth's larva and striped rice borer are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel；Emphasis preventing and treating late July striped rice borer, Banded sclerotial blight, planthopper etc., difference 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel, 4~5g pymetrozine, 10~12.5g Jinggangmeisu, its be watered spraying preventing and treating；Mid-September focuses on the preventing and treating of planthopper, per 666.7m2Use 4~5g pyrrole aphid Ketone, it is watered spraying preventing and treating.
" wide two excellent 476 " convert into 666.7 square metres of yield to rice varieties by standard moisture 13.5% in the live high-quality of essence amount 668.5 kilogram.
Other unspecified parts are prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that to the present invention and retouched in detail State, but it is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also according to the present embodiment without Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) big Tagayasu Den is whole：Field soil is beaten to equal pulpous state using tractor, laser planisher is reused field soil is smooth On a horizontal line, crop field highest point and lowest part is set to differ within 2cm, soil is adjusted to by smooth rear sedimentation 3~5 days Sowed when can be with ridging；
2) seed treatment：Seed is shone in the sun 2~3 days, then with bactericide 3~5h of seed soaking, then clean vernalization, seed urged During to broken chest；
3) sow：Using rice precise direct-seeding machine, sowing line-spacing is fixed as 25cm, spacing in the rows is adjusted to 10~13cm, per bunch planting 2~ 4 seeds；
4) tillering fertilizer：When rice shoot grows to three leaves wholeheartedly, using tillering fertilizer；
5) ear manuer：When plant strain growth is to when earing, using ear manuer；
6) harvest：Harvested when 100% yellow maturity of paddy using rice combine.
2. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in, Big Tagayasu Den is had suffered in journey, and big Tanaka applies base manure, and applied amount is 7.8~9.78kg/666.7m2Urea, 7.8~9.5kg/ 666.7m2Potassium oxide, 18~20kg/666.7m2Phosphorus pentoxide.
3. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in, water Before rice essence amount seed-sowing machine sowing, seed is dressed seed with dry-raised nurse.
4. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 4) in, point Fetilizer for tillering applied amount is 7.8~9.78kg/666.7m2Urea, 7.8~9.5kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide.
5. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 5) in, fringe Fertile applied amount is 10.4~13.04kg/666.7m2Urea, 10.4~12.7kg/666.7m2Potassium oxide.
6. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The semilate rice mechanical high-efficient Water management during essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
1) field soil is adjusted to ridging for target before sowing；After planting to before emerging, field is not poured water；
2) start after emerging to tiller, little water filled toward field, when should not flood sowing from ridge；
3) tiller starts, up to sufficient before seedling, to pour water and flood 2~3cm of ridge；Sufficient before seedling starts dry field in 2~3 days, and soil is shone to cracking It is defined, then starts to pour water；
4) based on the water management after dry field is managed with alternation of wetting and drying, can not waterflooding for a long time,
When field is anhydrous, 1~2cm pellicular water or the water layer concordant with ridge is filled, until field is without bright water,
When people station is in field not filling pin, it can again pour water, be circulated with this；20 days after Heading filling, no longer pour water, dry field until Harvest.
7. semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence measures water direct seeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The semilate rice mechanical high-efficient Pest management during essence amount water direct seeding, comprises the following steps：
After emerging, rice thripses are prevented and treated, per 666.7m2Using 4~5g pymetrozine, it is watered spraying；Mid-June starts preventing and treating volume Leaf snout moth's larva and striped rice borer, per 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel；Focus on preventing and treating striped rice borer, line late July withered Disease, planthopper etc., difference 666.7m2Use 250~300g Dipel, 4~5g pymetrozine, 10~12.5g well Ridge mycin, it is watered spraying preventing and treating；Mid-September focuses on the preventing and treating of planthopper, per 666.7m2Using 4~5g pymetrozine, its It is watered spraying preventing and treating.
CN201710248898.8A 2017-04-17 2017-04-17 Semilate rice mechanical high-efficient essence amount water direct seeding cultural method Pending CN107018834A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109874620A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-06-14 扬州大学 A kind of rice seedling plugged in by machine phase accurate water management method
CN109952924A (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-02 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 A kind of implantation methods of nontoxic rice
CN115885791A (en) * 2022-12-02 2023-04-04 贵州昊禹米业农产品开发有限公司 Green prevention and control method for rice diseases and insect pests

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101627674A (en) * 2009-08-04 2010-01-20 华南农业大学 Seed sowing machinery for synchronously ditching, ridging and spraying
CN102379231A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-03-21 华南农业大学 Precise dry-hole rice direct sowing method capable of synchronously realizing ditching, ridging, fertilization and film covering
CN102783388A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 黄平县农业和扶贫开发局 Direct sowing culture method of rice
CN102960236A (en) * 2012-11-06 2013-03-13 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 Full-mechanical seed production method of hybrid rice
CN103875494A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-06-25 吴洁远 Standardized cultivation method of super double cropping rice

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101627674A (en) * 2009-08-04 2010-01-20 华南农业大学 Seed sowing machinery for synchronously ditching, ridging and spraying
CN102379231A (en) * 2011-08-24 2012-03-21 华南农业大学 Precise dry-hole rice direct sowing method capable of synchronously realizing ditching, ridging, fertilization and film covering
CN102783388A (en) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 黄平县农业和扶贫开发局 Direct sowing culture method of rice
CN102960236A (en) * 2012-11-06 2013-03-13 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 Full-mechanical seed production method of hybrid rice
CN103875494A (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-06-25 吴洁远 Standardized cultivation method of super double cropping rice

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109952924A (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-02 兴业县嘉沃生态农业科技有限责任公司 A kind of implantation methods of nontoxic rice
CN109874620A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-06-14 扬州大学 A kind of rice seedling plugged in by machine phase accurate water management method
CN115885791A (en) * 2022-12-02 2023-04-04 贵州昊禹米业农产品开发有限公司 Green prevention and control method for rice diseases and insect pests

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