CN102986393A

CN102986393A - Nuisanceless comprehensive cultivating technology and prevention and control method for watermelons

Info

Publication number: CN102986393A
Application number: CN 201110269557
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周年春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-09-13
Filing date: 2011-09-13
Publication date: 2013-03-27

Abstract

The invention discloses nuisanceless production of watermelons through methods such as breeding of improved varieties, proper rotation of crops, scientific fertilizer application, prevention and control of insect damage and the like in a cultivating process. Specific to the aims of improving the quality of watermelons and providing bases for the cultivation and pest prevention and control of watermelons, methods for seed selection, fertilizer application, proper rotation of crops, field management and in-time harvesting are provided for the cultivating process.

Description

The Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques of nuisanceless watermelon and prevent and treat method

Technical field

Disclosed by the invention be in a kind of cultivation process by breeding variety, efficent rotation, apply fertilizers scientifically, the method such as pest control, to reach the non-harmful production of watermelon.Belong to the agricultural planting field.

Background technology

Traditional growth of watermelon, many plantations family just begins with blindness from seed selection, processing for seed is very undesirable, seedling management in the planting process and diseases and pests controlling management are also very random simultaneously, some fully by rule of thumb, some is how others does own and just how to do, the process of whole operation is not had a standard, also science not, serious shedding fallen flowers appear in the planting process, crazy seedling, the phenomenons such as dehiscent fruit, had a strong impact on the quantity and quality of watermelon, simultaneously because seedling management is improper and process of growth in hypermedication often cause the persticide residue of the watermelon phenomenon that exceeds standard serious.

Summary of the invention

Content of the present invention just provides a kind of watermelon improved seeds, the management of emerging, the method for diseases and pests controlling.

The plantation of watermelon:

1. select good kind: select high-quality, high yield, antibiotic property is strong, matter is crisp and the early-maturing variety sweet, that commodity is good; Such as Jing Xin-No. 1.

2. grow seedlings: will screen good seed airing 1～2 day and scald kinds 10 minutes with 55～60 ℃ of warm water afterwards, seed is rinsed after 24 hours with the clear water immersion and is totally pulled out after the sterilization, is placed under 28～30 ℃ of conditions vernalization 30 hours, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow.

3. sowing: watermelon calendar seedling age is to be advisable in 30～40 days, grows seedlings to adopt dibblings to broadcast method more, broadcasts 1～2 seed in the middle of each nutrition cup or the paper bag, earthing 1～2 cm thick, and then covering with plastic film sealing is withdrawn from mulch film when young shoot grows 50% after being unearthed.

4. seedling management: watermelon is sowed to emerging, and bed temperature should remain on 20～30 ℃, when young shoot over half begins to push up soil, temperature is lowered, and day temperature generally remains on 20～25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15～20 ℃ at once; When the cooling before 3～4 that puts forth new leaves of watermelon seedling, temper seedling, strengthen ventilation; Water the seedbed of vola water before the sowing, generally do not rewater before emerging, prevent the root that rots; As find can spray in right amount 20～25 ℃ warm water by hotbed soil property overdrying, before emerging, along with the growth of seedling, need a large amount of moisture, should in time keep the skin wet according to the soil property humidity situation of hotbed.

5. fertilising is poured water: nuisanceless growth of watermelon, fertile and the fertilizer of farming that in principle should be after to become thoroughly decomposed is as main, no matter use which kind of fertilizer, must be through fermentation in 5～7 days more than 50 ℃, to kill various parasitic ovums and pathogen, weed seed, take out harmful organic acid and pernicious gas, make it to reach the Harmless sanitary standard.The kind of limiting the quantity of is used chemical fertilizer, carry out to survey native balance formula fertilising, uses 3000～4000 kilograms of the farmyard manures processed through the Harmless that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, and 15～20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers can be used as that base fertilizer is disposable to be applied; Forbid using Harmless and process domestic waste and industrial mud not up to standard, avoid secondary pollution, watermelon is gathered in the crops in front 20 days must not impose any fertilizer.When watering, do good-looking seedling, see the sky, see that the landearth-circumstance timely and appropriate discovery waters, prevent that disease from occuring.

6. gather: the watermelon collecting time is the morning preferably, and the kind of easily splitting is gathered between the lights, should select medium well fruit harvesting, plucks to stop to pour water the last week, and the watermelon of gathering can utilize in the field colder one night of temperature precooling.

The disease control of watermelon:

1. watermelon damping off: prophylactico-therapeutic measures, strengthen seedbed management, avoid low temperature, hot conditions to occur simultaneously.Can select 50% carbendazim before growing seedlings, every square metre of 8-10g blendes together with 10-15kg soil, and upper berth underlay during sowing also can spray 600 times in 75% tpn pulvis after emerging, or the controls such as Pu Like, the mould spirit of evil.

2. melon anthracnose: in time extract at the initial stage of a disease sick leaf, spray 500 times of dilutions of 75% tpn wettable powder, 500 times of dilutions of 70% first Tianjin topsin wettable powder, also 200 times of dilutions of available 2% Astromicin aqua, 800 times of dilutions sprayings of 50% sporgon missible oil.Every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, continuous spraying 2-3 time.

3. cucurbits fusarium wilt: except adopting grafting and root-changing, can be at premorbid or their early stage with 500 times of dilutions of 2% kasugarnycin aqua liquid irrigating root, spray rhizome section or sprinkling diseased region; Also can use 50% carbendazim, 70% first Tianjin topsin wettable powder dispenser soil or 250 times of dilutions of octicin solution liquid irrigating root in the planting pit, every strain liquid 0.5kg.

4. the mashed sheet of watermelon is sick: melon is long, because the bacterium infringement causes to occur the sick point of water enchroachment (invasion) shape on the melon face, to be expanded in flakes when large subsequently to enough, scalds equally like boiling water, causes at last fruit rot.Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: the one, select pattern or the darker kind of pericarp; The 2nd, ahead of time cultivation, the precocity disease of hiding; The 3rd, chemical control, at the fruit premorbid, 3000 times of liquid controls of available 1,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycins or new phytomycin.

5. watermelon pest control: aphid, with 0.36% aqueous matrine solution 200-300 times of dilution spraying or 1500 times of dilution sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid wettable powder; Two spotted spider mite with the spraying of 3000 times of dilutions of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1000 times of dilutions controls of 25% farm chemical for control of moth and mite, also can 5% carry out field management than 1500 times of dilutions of bright missible oil.

Technique effect

According to said method enlarged watermelon and produced area, quality of watermelon is significantly improved simultaneously, especially behind watermelon method for non-polluted cultivation and the diseases and pests controlling method Demonstration And Extension, insect pest obviously reduces in the process, and the watermelon of production is bright in colour, and the thin seed of skin is few, delicious of fine quality, mouthfeel is pure.

Specific embodiment

Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques and the method for preventing and treating of nuisanceless watermelon comprise the steps:

1. seed is selected and is processed: select high-quality, high yield, antibiotic property is strong, matter is crisp and the early-maturing variety sweet, that commodity is good; Such as Jing Xin-No. 1.

2. efficent rotation: watermelon is avoided continuous cropping, and particularly watermelon blight and bacterial wilt etc. are all susceptible by soil, and the watermelon continuous cropping diseases is serious, and the gently then underproduction is heavy then No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.

3. dropper is irrigated: when transplanting the watermelon seedling, laying dropper outside watermelon root 20cm, covering with plastic film again is convenient to that root topdresses and water-saving irrigation, the disease spread of effectively avoiding broad irrigation to bring.

4. apply fertilizers scientifically: adopt the way of azophoska and little fertile cooperation, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination and rhizosphere, foliage fertilization complementation, to satisfy the fertilizer requirement of watermelon needs.Fertilization principle is base fertilizer foot, it is skilful to topdress, spray combination.

5. artificial pollination: according to the flowering habit of watermelon in the canopy, o'clock pollinate in the morning 8～9.Cloudy day male flower loose powder is late, can suitably delay, should be since the pollination of the second female flower, in order to stay melon.

6. the extermination of disease and insect pest: as the basis (such as crop rotation, deep ploughing in winter, clear bacterium, select disease-resistant variety etc.), take biological control as main, chemical control is auxiliary take cultural control; With the fly net sealing, with yellow plate trapping aphid, and use the black light insect-killing trapping at the mouth that leaks informaton.Bactericide is sprayed with S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate, 1000 times of extension rates, and the time, dispenser was 2-3 time altogether at 3～5 months.

7. in time gather: in time gather in batches, alleviate the plant burden, can adopt 4～5 batches of watermelons whole breeding time, output obviously improves.

Claims

1. field management: growth of watermelon is to emerging, and bed temperature remains on 20～30 ℃, begins between budding time at young shoot over half when emerging, and temperature will be fallen at once, and day temperature generally remains on 20～25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is controlled at 15～20 ℃; When the cooling before 3～4 that puts forth new leaves of watermelon seedling, temper seedling, strengthen ventilation; Water the seedbed of vola water before the sowing, generally do not rewater before emerging, prevent the root that rots; As find can spray in right amount 20～25 ℃ warm water by hotbed soil property overdrying, before emerging, along with the growth of seedling, need a large amount of moisture, should in time keep the skin wet according to the soil property humidity situation of hotbed.

2. diseases and pests controlling management: aphid, 200～300 times of liquid of the matrine water dilution agent with 0.30% are sprayed or 1500 times of dilution sprayings of 10% Imidacloprid wettable powder; Two spotted spider mite with 3000 times of dilutions of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate or 1000 times of dilution controls of 25% farm chemical for control of moth and mite, also can not carry out the field than 1500 times of dilutions of bright missible oil with 5% and spray.