CN110915534A

CN110915534A - Method for cultivating local tree species melia azedarach

Info

Publication number: CN110915534A
Application number: CN201911309904.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范文杰; 周鹏; 束昌; 周俊
Original assignee: JURONG INSTITUTE OF INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES
Current assignee: JURONG INSTITUTE OF INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES
Priority date: 2019-12-18
Filing date: 2019-12-18
Publication date: 2020-03-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of chinaberry, which takes strong chinaberry which grows for 10 to 20 years as a mother tree, naturally drops and sprouts out of soil after the fruit is mature, and sprouts with the height of 10 to 15cm are selected as seedlings for planting. The method adopts the seedlings germinated in the soil of the mother tree as the seedlings for planting, and can effectively solve the problems that chinaberry seeds are not easy to germinate and grow after germination. The germinated seedlings are directly adopted for planting, so that the excellent properties of the chinaberry stock plant can be maintained, the propagation period is short, the seedling growth is fast, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the method has important practical and popularization significance in chinaberry seedling propagation production.

Description

Method for cultivating local tree species melia azedarach

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a local tree species melia azedarach.

Background

Melia azedarach L is a big deciduous tree with a height of 10-20 m, and is one of the main local trees in Jiangsu and its peripheral plain areas. The melia azedarach grows fast, has good material and texture, is a beautiful name of Chinese peach blossom heartwood, and is a top-grade wood for manufacturing furniture. The fruit meat of the melia azedarach has high content of the melia azedarach and can be used for preparing biological pesticides; some margosa varieties have large fruiting amount and can build a biological pesticide raw material forest. The melia azedarach has low requirement on soil, and can grow on acid soil, light alkaline soil and saline-alkali soil with the salt content of less than 0.3 percent; the chinaberry has smoke resistance, sulfur dioxide resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests; the tree shape is beautiful, the crown is large, the inflorescence is large, the color is light purple, the ornamental effect is unique, and the tree is an excellent tree species for landscaping and protection forests.

The chinaberry has the advantages of wide adaptability and various economic values, and has a great development prospect in the forestry production in future. At present, chinaberry is mostly sown and cultivated or cut by tender shoots, but the method generally has low financial output and low survival rate of large-seedling afforestation.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for cultivating the local tree species chinaberry, which can maintain the excellent properties of the mother plant of the chinaberry by directly adopting the germinated seedling for planting, and has the advantages of short propagation period, fast seedling growth, simple operation and low cost.

A cultivation method of Melia azedarach comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking 10-20 years old strong chinaberry as a mother tree, maturing fruits in winter, germinating and unearthing 3-4 months later after natural falling off, and selecting bud seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm;

step 2, selecting sandy loam with flat terrain and deep and fertile soil layer as a nursery land, deeply turning and finely ploughing the nursery land before sowing, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer, fertilizing 2000-3000 kilograms per mu, making a bed from 3 months bottom to 4 months in spring, walking in the south and north directions, and making the bed surface 1 meter wide and 15cm high;

step 3, placing the roots of the bud seedlings in the step 1 in a rooting agent to dip the roots;

step 4, digging holes on a seedbed, transplanting the bud seedlings in the step 3 into the holes, backfilling soil, lightly pressing until the soil is closely contacted with the root systems of the bud seedlings, watering the transplanted bud seedlings thoroughly, covering the bud seedlings with clean straws, and erecting a shading net on the nursery ground with shading rate of 60-75%;

step 5, field management:

(1) irrigation drainage, namely performing drip irrigation for moisturizing once every 2 to 3 days, wherein the irrigation time is performed in the morning and evening, accumulated water is timely drained from the seedbed after rainfall or irrigation, and the seedbed is subjected to ditch cleaning and ridging;

(2) weeding after the seedlings are fully lignified, weeding is carried out simultaneously by combining soil loosening, and chemical weeding is carried out by adopting 25% of herbicidal ether wettable powder;

(3) fertilizing management, wherein nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are mainly used in the early growth stage of the nursery stocks, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are matched in the fast growth stage, potassium fertilizers are mainly used in the lignification stage of the nursery stocks, and nitrogen fertilizers are stopped being applied;

(4) and (5) managing plant diseases and insect pests.

Further, the base fertilizer in the step 2 is a mixture of decomposed pig and cattle manure, decomposed vegetable cake and calcium superphosphate.

Further, the rooting agent in the step 3 is a mixed aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid, sucrose and vitamin B12.

Further, the rooting agent in the step 3 is prepared by adding 1000mg of indolebutyric acid 800-1000mg, 20-40mg of sucrose and 1225-50 mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water.

Further, in step 4, a mixture of plant ash, bone meal, perlite and fly ash is mixed into the soil when the seedbed is dug.

Further, in step 4, backfilling is performed by adopting loam or burnt soil.

The method adopts the seedlings germinated in the soil of the mother tree as the seedlings for planting, and adopts the rooting agent to treat the roots of the seedlings before inoculation, so that the problems that chinaberry seeds are not easy to germinate and grow after germination can be effectively solved; the plant ash and the like are added into the inoculated soil, so that the gaps and nutrients of the soil can be increased, the growth of seedlings is facilitated, the excellent properties of the chinaberry stock plant can be maintained, the propagation period is short, the seedlings grow fast, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the method has important practical and popularization significance in the propagation production of the chinaberry seedlings.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The experimental methods and reagents of the formulations not specified in the examples are in accordance with the conventional conditions in the art.

Example 1

A cultivation method of Melia azedarach comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking 10-20 years old strong chinaberry as a mother tree, enabling fruits to be ripe in winter, changing green color into yellow brown color, naturally falling into soil, and germinating and unearthing in 3-4 months next year. Selecting bud seedlings with the height of 10-15cm and good growth vigor from naturally-fallen and germinated seedlings.

And 2, selecting sandy loam with flat terrain and deep and fertile soil layer as a nursery land, deeply ploughing and finely ploughing the nursery land before sowing, removing weeds, applying base fertilizers of 1800kg of decomposed pig and cow dung, 200kg of decomposed vegetable cake and 50kg of calcium superphosphate, making a seedbed from 3 months to 4 months in spring, making the seedbed in the south-north direction, wherein the bed surface is 1 meter wide and 15cm high, and spraying ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 2% on the seedbed soil for disinfection and sterilization.

And 3, placing the bud seedling selected in the step 1 in a rooting agent for dipping root treatment, and specifically placing the lower end of the bud seedling root in the rooting agent for soaking for 5-10 s. The rooting agent is prepared by adding 1000mg of indolebutyric acid 800-1000mg, sucrose 20-40mg and vitamin B1225-50 mg into 1kg of water.

And 4, digging holes on the seedbed, wherein the hole trays are 5cm in diameter and 10cm in depth, and then mixing the mixture of plant ash, bone meal, perlite and fly ash into the soil in the holes, wherein the weight ratio of the plant ash to the bone meal to the perlite to the fly ash is 5: 2: 3: 1, the addition amount of each plug is 200 g.

Transplanting the bud seedlings obtained in the step 3 into the holes, wherein the depth of the bud seedlings embedded into the holes is 2cm above the root necks, backfilling fire soil, lightly pressing until the soil is closely contacted with the root systems of the bud seedlings, watering the bud seedlings after transplanting, finally covering the bud seedlings with clean straws, and erecting a shading net on the nursery ground with shading rate of 60-75%.

Step 5, field management:

(4) and (5) managing plant diseases and insect pests.

By the method for transplanting the seedlings, the survival rate of the chinaberry bud seedlings can reach more than 85%, and the average seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 95 cm.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a local tree species Chinaberry, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 2, selecting sandy loam with flat terrain and deep and fertile soil layer as a nursery land, deeply turning and finely ploughing the nursery land before sowing, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer, fertilizing 2000-3000 kilograms per mu, making a seedbed in spring from 3 months to 4 months, moving in the south and north directions, and making the bed surface 1 meter wide and 15cm high;

step 3, placing the roots of the buds in the step 1 in a rooting agent for root dipping treatment;

step 5, field management:

(4) and (5) managing plant diseases and insect pests.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 2, the base fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed pig and cattle manure, decomposed vegetable cake and calcium superphosphate.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and 3, the rooting agent is a mixed aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid, sucrose and vitamin B12.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the rooting agent in the step 3 is prepared by adding 1000mg of indolebutyric acid 800-1000mg, 20-40mg of sucrose and 1225-50 mg of vitamin B into 1kg of water.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and 4, mixing the mixture of plant ash, bone meal, perlite and fly ash into the soil when digging holes on the seedbed.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: and step 4, backfilling by adopting loam or burnt soil.