CN109105119A - A kind of fig implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of fig implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105119A CN109105119A CN201810859984.7A CN201810859984A CN109105119A CN 109105119 A CN109105119 A CN 109105119A CN 201810859984 A CN201810859984 A CN 201810859984A CN 109105119 A CN109105119 A CN 109105119A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of fig implantation methods.A kind of fig implantation methods, comprising the following steps: select seedling: 1 year raw nursery stock of wave Ji Hong, Blanc Rake, green peel and purple fruit is selected to carry out greenhouse plantation；Field planting: when outdoor temperature reaches 20 DEG C or more, digging field planting ditch, and seedling planting is watered, loosened the soil by basal dressing, after being spaced 1d, is rewatered, and covering with ground sheeting is carried out；Field management: including pruning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management.A kind of fig implantation methods of the present invention; it is suitble to Xinjiang region; pass through pruning; it applies fertilizers scientifically to pour water and implement with water-fertilizer integral, pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and preventive and therapeutic effect can be under desertification, salinization of soil and winter low temperature environment; the high-quality fig of successful growing and cultivation; and realize scale and industrialized planting fig tree, strong kinetogenesis is played in the growth to local society benefit.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of fig implantation methods.
Background technique
Fig is one of the fruit tree that the mankind cultivate earliest, is about passed to China in the Tang Dynasty, and there are about more than 1300 years so far.Mesh
Preceding whole nation fig cultivated area compares less, only more than 6500 hectares of cultivated area at present, complete by the end of 2015 according to statistics
State's fig cultivated area just corresponds to the 1/420 of the 1/1220 of apple cultivation area, citriculture area, belongs to domestic cultivation face
One of the smallest fruit tree type of product.China's fig cultivate old producing region with Xinjiang Atushi, Shufu, library vehicle, Shule, Keshen and
More and field, one band of Shufu are cultivated in the ground such as field, and still there are upper century-old raw veterans so far.In recent years, due to the application of fig
Value, which is continuously available in society, generally to be recognized.Fig production rapidly develops, the Yangtze river basin and the cultivation of coastal various regions fig
Also the excellent variety that flourishing draws, selects, is numerous, educating, and the storage of fruit, transport, serial processing technology research are being made great efforts
It carries out.Fig fresh fruit by the past it is uncomfortable eat, become everybody and rob to eat, have received good economic benefit.
As soon as fig year seedling, transplanting current year energy as a result, second year can harvest higher yield, 3 years can Cheng Yuan, into
Enter the best fruiting period.Economic life sustainable number 10 years.Therefore plantation fig economic benefit is considerable.
Fig is the collective fruits of moraceae plants fig, has extensive nutritive value and medical value, is a kind of spy
Different fruit and natural medicinal plants.Though having over thousands of year cultivation history in China.But intensive culture is not affected by due attention.
Lie substantially in the situation that field is sporadicly planted by residence.It could not be produced into commodity.
Since fruit output is limited, do not have commercial production conditions.Therefore, expand fig intensive cultivation area, it is real
Existing scale and industrialization, make fig industry form new and effective pillar industry, increase rural economy new growth point, make fruit
Agriculture is got rich early, enriches demand of the consumer to healthy food, adapts to international market to the important channel of China's fruit demand.
World's fig yield in 2011 is 2,500,000 tons, and yield, which arranges preceding 5 countries, to be had: 32.0 ten thousand tons of Turkey, Egypt 20.4 ten thousand
Ton, 12.0 ten thousand tons of Greece, 8.8 ten thousand tons of Morocco, 6.6 ten thousand tons of Iran.0.6 ten thousand tons of Chinese yield arranges the 22nd, the world.Exist at present
In the market, the 95% of fig product stream flux is solved by import in China.It can be seen that；Whole nation fig at present
Cultivated area compares less, and yield is also few, this and broad masses of the people's increasingly increasing need, forms very big lance
Shield.At the same time, planting type and management level are more extensive at present, low output, are difficult meet the needs of consumer is to fresh fruit.And
And Xinjiang desertification, salinization of soil, than more serious, winter temperature is lower, and fruit tree survival rate is low.
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of fig implantation methods, this method can be in desertification, salinization of soil and winter
Under season low temperature environment, the successful high-quality fig of growing and cultivation, and scale and industrialized planting fig tree may be implemented.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fig implantation methods, this method can desertification, salinization of soil and
Under winter low temperature environment, the successful high-quality fig of growing and cultivation, and scale and industrialized planting fig tree may be implemented.
To achieve the goals above, used technical solution are as follows:
A kind of fig implantation methods, comprising the following steps:
It selects seedling: 1 year raw nursery stock of wave Ji Hong, Blanc Rake, green peel and purple fruit being selected to carry out greenhouse plantation；
Field planting: when outdoor temperature reaches 20 DEG C or more, digging field planting ditch, and seedling planting is watered, loosened the soil by basal dressing,
It after 1d, rewaters, carries out covering with ground sheeting；
Field management: including pruning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management.
Further, when the planting site is desertification land, before field planting, well-done ox, sheep fertilizer are added into organic fertilizer
It is mixed and made into base fertilizer, is placed in plantation hole, plants nursery stock again after upper covering sandy soil；
When the planting site is wetland with saline-alkaline, broad irrigation early period is planted, middle water flood irrigation, enters flood before the winter during plantation
Flood irrigation；And acid compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer.
Further, in the field planting step:
The amount of application of the base manure are as follows: apply well-rotted farmyard manure 4000kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg and potassium nitrate per acre
10kg；
When planting seedling, plants after ajusting nursery stock by field planting point, then field planting ditch is filled and led up, after building up small furrow, pour water.
Further, the field planting furrow width 50cm, deep 60cm；It is colonized spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 1.8m.
Further, the pruning are as follows:
It is done surely after field planting, does 20-4Ocm surely within the 1st year, retain 5 fruitful branch vertical growths, when length reaches 1.5m, selection
Two angles are good, eugonic fruitful branch along row to gradually evening up, in two infall cutting backs；Every 2Ocm retains one two
Secondary branch vertical growth, and extract fruit；Remaining 3 fruitful branch carries out band girdle in base portion, erases the rudiment of all Secondary Branchs；Winter
When season trims, three upright fruitful branches are cut off, retain two parallel major branches, the cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of Secondary Branch base portion, remaining
Branch all removes；
2nd year, after bud all on two major branches is sprouted, in major branch two sides, every 2Ocm selected and remain the consistent knot of growth
Fruit branch, remaining rudiment are all erased；Gradually the left and right direction of fruitful branch point is guided on the iron wire of two sides；When young sprout grows to 25
When saving left and right, the pinching at the 1st above 15-20 section of setting fruit position is erased in addition to retaining two, top Secondary Branch repeated topping
Remaining Secondary Branch；There are 10-12 fruitful branch, every reservation fruit 15 on every plant of both arms major branch；
Annual winter pruning later carries out weight cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of fruitful branch base portion, and fruitful branch sum is not per acre
It obtains more than 1350.
Further, in the pruning, mid-June, at major branch, fruitful branch base portion lOcm carry out girdling or
The girding of small spacing.
Further, when the kind is green peel, nursery stock trunk high 40-50cm, extends to four directions respectively by 3-4, major branch；
Angle between branch, three major branches are 120 degree, and four major branches are 90 degree, match side shoot and fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch again.
Further, when the implantation methods are planting culture, the high 40-50cm of nursery stock trunk cultivates two more than trunk
A major branch, major branch and row are in 45 degree of angles；When mu plants 83 plants；2-3 side shoot can be stayed on each major branch；When mu plants 111 plants, each
1-2 side shoot is stayed on major branch.
Further, the temperature management are as follows:
After rudiment in 50-70d, when >=10 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature are up to 1400 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 25 DEG C, nighttime temperature
Control is at 13 DEG C；
Canopy film, the ventilation of noon wound membrane are laid with winter since mid-October；Greenhouse temperature in November is controlled at 10-14 DEG C；12
Month greenhouse temperature is maintained at -10 DEG C or more.
Further, the water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilizer management；
The water management are as follows:
1 flood is poured after fertilizer applied in the spring season；The vernalization phase pours 2 thin water；The 7-9 month, 7-10d water 1 time, are impregnated with root system every time
Layer；
The fertilizer management are as follows:
In the mid-March of young sprout growth, in the May of bud differentiation, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the mid-July of fruit maturation is with potash fertilizer
Based on.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of fig implantation methods of the present invention are suitble to Xinjiang region to apply fertilizers scientifically and pour water by pruning
Implement with water-fertilizer integral, pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and preventive and therapeutic effect can be in desertification, salinization of soil and winter low temperature environment
Under, the successful high-quality fig of growing and cultivation, and realize scale and industrialized planting fig tree, to local society benefit
Increase, plays strong kinetogenesis.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that ditch schematic diagram is colonized in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is to be colonized schematic diagram in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the present invention is further explained, a kind of fig implantation methods, reach expected goal of the invention, below in conjunction with preferable
Embodiment, to a kind of fig implantation methods proposed according to the present invention, specific embodiment, structure, feature and its effect,
Detailed description is as follows.In the following description, what different " embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to is not necessarily the same embodiment.This
Outside, special characteristic, structure or the feature in one or more embodiments can be combined by any suitable form.
Before elaborating a kind of fig implantation methods of the present invention, it is necessary to the raw material and side referred in the present invention
Method etc. is described further, to reach better effect.
With the development of modern society, the improvement of people's living standards, the enhancing of Consciousness of food security, people are to high quality
Fruit or food etc. will have higher requirement.From 2004, central No. 1 file proposed to greatly develop modern agriculture, changed
Become the traditional agriculture industrial structure, novel industry is emerged in large numbers one after another, wherein novel dietotherapy health fruit --- the exploitation benefit of fig
With just quietly rising.
Fig is important the international third generation fruit side by side such as health fruit and blueberry, pomegranate, great market potential.Nothing
Flowers and fruits have extensive nutritive value and medical value.Its fruit softness is sweet, full of nutrition, contains protein 1.0, carbon hydrate
Object 12.6, crude fibre 1.9, sugar content is up to 75 or so in drying fruit, and sugar content is 15-2O in fresh fruit.Know that it contains 18
Kind amino acid, wherein 10 kinds required for human body, the highest asparatate of content (0.475-O.493) has antifatigue work
With；And containing multivitamin, wherein Wei Shengsuo A, C are especially abundant, Vitamin C content is 2O times of grape, be in all kinds of fruit it
Head, microelement total amount is 2.3 times of citrus, 8 times of peach.In addition, sugar, enzyme and organic acid also rich in.Its fruit can
With dual-purpose of drug and food, in its medical invigorating stomach and promoting bower movements, detumescence is except poison, such as controls enteritis, dysentery, constipation, hemorrhoid, laryngalgia, ulcerative carbuncle scabies；
Its leaf can control hemorrhoid, swell and ache, feel sorry, and have been reported that showing it also, there is certain treatment to control hypertension effect.It is most noticeable
Be that fig contains there are many anticancer active constituent, therefore has antitumaous effect, therefore someone is called " anticancer fighter " and " 21 generation
The healthy patron saint of the discipline mankind ".The research in relation to fig anticancer aspect both at home and abroad is very active at present.Only have currently on the market
The sale of fig preliminary working product.Fig fresh fruit and its fruit drink, preserved fruit, jam, fruit wine etc. be not big throughout the country
Amount listing, external also rarely found.In addition, many functional elements and of great value valuable medicine can also be extracted in fig
Product.
In recent years, due to the value of fig obtain society it is well recognized that fig industry rapidly develop, the Yangtze river basin
It cultivates with coastal various regions fig also just in prosperity and development, excellent variety draws, selects, is numerous, educating, the storage of fruit, transport, series
Processing technology research is quickly propelling.
Currently, world's fig annual output is about 2,500,000 tons, and China's annual output comes the world 22 less than 0.6 ten thousand tons
Position.China's fig is mostly fragmentary cultivation, belongs to one of the smallest fruit tree type of domestic cultivated area.Thus fig has wide
Market prospects.
The fig place of production in China is mainly distributed on Shandong, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Shan at present
The ground such as west, Sichuan, Guangxi；The fig of North China is concentrated mainly on the Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai City of Along The Coast of Shandong Province；Jiangsu
Province is mainly distributed on Nantong Area, Yancheng Region, Danyang City, Nanjing；Concentrate cultivation mainly in Fuzhou City, Shanghai City in Fujian Province
Also there is certain area in suburb.Xinjiang is mainly distributed on the ground such as Atushi, library vehicle, Shufu, Kashgar and field.At present still sporadicly to plant
Based on training, develops in recent years to plantation direction in blocks, carry out intensive culture.
Fig pest and disease damage is few, and picking time can be up to 6 months under suitable environmental condition, and storage period is shorter, needs
Cold chain transportation is suitble to the cultivation marketing model of modernization.The development prospect of fig industry is very considerable.
In recent years, since the value of fig obtains generally recognizing for society.Fig production rapidly develops, the Yangtze river basin
With the cultivation of coastal various regions fig also flourishing the drawing of excellent variety, select, it is numerous, educate, the storage of fruit, transport, series
Processing technology research is making great efforts to carry out.Fig plantation has received good economic benefit.
Since fruit output is limited, do not have commercial production conditions.Therefore, expand fig intensive cultivation area, it is real
Existing scale and industrialization are that fig forms new and effective pillar industry, increase rural economy new growth point, keep orchard worker early
Day gets rich, and enriches demand of the consumer to healthy food, adapts to international market to the important channel of China's fruit demand.
With the fast development of China's economy in recent years and the increasingly raising of living standards of the people, guarantor of the people to oneself body
Strong pay attention to day by day, especially modern are under increasingly busy high rhythm life, and sports are reduced, physical stamina letdown, all kinds of diseases
Disease gradually increases, and especially all kinds of cancer morbidities in China increasingly rise in recent years, function of the fig in terms of health care and treating cancer
Effect will be paid more and more attention.It is believed that fig will fully develop talents in terms of improving people's physical fitness and health, and having can
China or even the first in the world health fruit can be become.Fig yield in the world's is about 2,500,000 tons at present, and 0.04 kilogram per capita, and
China underproduces ten thousand tons, and 0.0025 kilogram per capita, currently, domestic market sales amount 95% is imported product, therefore fig
It has a vast market foreground.With further increasing for packaging, the improvement of traffic condition and finishing technology, and with China
The structure of rural undertaking is optimized and revised, and fig is as fast-growing, high-quality, highly efficient and productive agriculture oriented for export and foreign exchange earnings project, it will obtains fast
Violent development, it will shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity for China's development of the West Regions and vast farmers plays a great role.
Fig is a kind of fruit that is ancient and having much mysterious color, and flavour is sweet and refreshing, necessary containing more than 20 kinds of human bodies
Amino acid and multivitamin；Meanwhile it also has a variety of drug effects such as anti-cancer, reducing blood lipid, coordinating intestines and stomach.But cultivation at present
Mode and management level are more extensive, low output, are difficult meet the needs of consumer is to fresh fruit, secondly, processing technology is simpler, produce
Product exploitation dynamics is inadequate, and type is more single, is difficult to cater to the requirement of different consumers.
The cultivation history of fig is although long, but systematically carries out cultivation technique research work and start late.China is certainly
Start the research work of progress fig the 1980s.It is especially right as various countries are for the progress of fig research work
In fig is medicinal and health value is gradually familiar with, and for the progress of Procarbazium disease, make people for fig
Economic value produce new understanding.
Wave Ji Hong: the tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school, stalwartness, tree performance are opened a business, and branch power is strong, and for young sprout year increment up to 2.5 meters, branch is thick
2.3cm, internode length 5.1cm.Blade is larger, and mostly palmate 5 is split, and splits and carves deep and narrow, Ye Jing 27cm, and base goes out 5, arteries and veins, and leaf margin has
Irregular wavy sawtooth.The long 15cm of petiole, yellow green.It is cold-resistant, Saline alkali tolerance is stronger.Beginning fruit position 2-3 section, pole high yield.Fruit
Summer and autumn fruit dual-purpose, based on autumn fruit, the long oval of fruit or conico-acuminate, fruit shape index 1.37cm, color of the leather is bright-coloured, and strip is brown red or purple
It is red.Fruit rib is more apparent.Carpopodium 0.4-0.6cm.Fruit mesh the first transaction of a day's business diameter 0.5cm.60-90 grams of autumn fruit mean fruit weight, maximum single fruit
Weigh 110 grams.Pulp is micro- hollow, pale red or red, and sweet, juice is more, soluble solid content 16%-20%, and quality is splendid.For
The large-scale red fig excellent variety of fresh food.Shandong Province's fruit mature period late July to mid or late October.
Blanc Rake: Arles salami sausage, summer and autumn fruit dual-purpose kind.The tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school.Blade 5 is split, sliver narrow bar.Fruit is larger,
Ramp down cone, carpopodium base portion, which often has, to be expanded, pericarp Gu brass.Pulp is rose pink, and sugar content 16-17%, flavor is fragrant and sweet,
In quality etc..Fruit mid-July picking time in summer, fruit mid-August picking time to mid-October in autumn.The more resistance to storage of fruit is suitable for tank and honey processed
Give a farewell dinner processing.The cold-resistant salt tolerant of tree property, East China one is with plantation at present.It can develop in East China, south China and Coastal beach.
Green peel: fresh food processing quality is good, resists cold, impoverishment tolerant, saline-alkali tolerant.Tree vigo(u)r is vigorous, and tree crown circle is elongated, and trunk is bright
Aobvious, side shoot spreading angle is big, perennial branch canescence.Leaf is coarse greatly, color depth brilliant green, carries on the back raw fine hair, and yellowish green, palmation is led to
Normal 3-5 is shallowly split, and splits the 1/2 of scale length deficiency leaf length, less full edge, and base portion innermost being shape, leaf margin has apparent wavy sawtooth, round blunt,
Leaf index 1.12, the averagely long 10.32cm of petiole.Fruit is flat, inverted conical shape, fruit shape index 0.86 or so.Green before fruit is ripe,
Yellow green after ripe, pulp lavender, fruit mesh is small, opens a business, and fruit face do not crack smoothly, and fruit rib is obvious, and pericarp toughness is larger, fruit juice compared with
More, sugar content is high, two season of summer and autumn fruit.The varietal adaptation is wide, and south cultivation pays attention to control prosperous growth.
Purple fruit: tree vigo(u)r is more prosperous, and trunk is unobvious.Perennial branch canescence, leaf is yellowish green, and the back side is without fine hair, palmate 3-7
Split, split carve it is medium, leaf index 1.02, petiole is averagely about 1.0cm.Green before pericarp is ripe, ripe rear puce, pericarp toughness
Greatly, pulp white is to amber；Spherical fruit, fruit shape index 1；Carpopodium long 0.5-1cm cracks at fruit mesh, and more 3 split, and split quarter
It is relatively deep.High yield, cold resistance are poor.Middle-late ripening variety.
Pruning content includes two aspects of shaping and trimming.Shaping is using trimming and other measures, fruit tree tree
Hat is made into certain shapes and structure, and fruit tree is made to make full use of the technology of space and sunlight-heat reaources.Trimming, be by removing, cutting back
Branch changes shoot growth orientation, posture, adjusts top fruit sprayer structure, the technology of harmonic growth result relationship.
By pruning, the relationship of adjustable fig growth and result enables tree body stalwartness, stable yield, quality
It is excellent, so that its growth and development is conducive to the needs of production always.By the fig tree suitably trimmed, tree crown is neat, and principal and subordinate is clearly demarcated,
Branch is uniform, and the outer result of hat is uniform in hat, no biennial bearing phenomenon, to extend the result time limit.If trimming is not added to give free rein to
Growth, then tree body disorder, tree vigo(u)r easily decline, as a result the time limit and the tree body lost of life.
It is influenced by fig breediness, the land occupation condition of plant, age of tree size, planting density, pruning reaction etc., it is different
There is also notable differences between kind even same kind.Therefore, adaptation to local conditions is needed to take targetedly in pruning
Pruning method.Briefly summarized, it then follows following principle: because of tree-pruning, with branch shaping (accomplishing tangible not dead, invisible not unrest)；It is long-range
Intend, reasonable arrangement (growth result is made overall plans)；Tree vigo(u)r is balanced, principal and subordinate distinguishes (close under dilute in tree body, outer dilute interior close, bough
Dilute sprig is close)；It is combined again, based on light (to reply tree vigo(u)r, prosperous tree light pruning is with coronary dilatation result for weak tree heavy pruning).
It is fixed it is dry refer to transplanted seedling tree after plant is trimmed, to determine upright, not side shoot major branch.
After having understood above-mentioned raw materials and method etc., below in conjunction with specific embodiment to a kind of fig kind of the present invention
Plant method is further described in detail:
Embodiment 1.
The present embodiment is implemented in April, 2016, and the survival rate of wave Ji Hong and Blanc Rake can achieve 95% or more, and produce
Amount reaches 1610kg/ mus, 1621kg/ mus.
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) it selects seedling: 1 year raw nursery stock of wave Ji Hong and Blanc Rake being selected to carry out greenhouse plantation, wave Ji Hong and Bu
Blue Rake respectively plants 1 mu；
(2) it is colonized: when outdoor temperature reaches 20 DEG C or more (i.e. front and back the Ching Ming Festival), digging field planting ditch (as shown in Figure 1), it is fixed
Planting ditch wide 50cm, deep 60cm, long 5m, the stalk of beneath paving 2Ocm thickness chopping；
Basal dressing applies well-rotted farmyard manure 4000kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg and potassium nitrate 10kg per acre, stirs with subsoil
Uniformly, it is then backfilled to field planting ditch,
By seedling planting, it is colonized spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 1.8m；When planting seedling, nursery stock is stained with root with root-inducing powder, ajusts seedling by field planting point
It is planted after wood, first earthing, after being backfilling into the 4/5 of field planting ditch depth, mentions seedling, unfold root system, earthing seals hole again after treading, and does canal irrigation
Water is poured water and is irrigated after building up small furrow, loosen the soil, and after being spaced 1d, rewaters, Surface Humid, does behind that (under people, foot is non-sticky
Mud), it loosens the soil, flatten, carry out full garden covering with ground sheeting (as shown in Figure 2)；
It,, will be well-done before field planting using the agroecological environment of facility when the planting site is desertification land
Ox, sheep fertilizer add organic fertilizer to be mixed and made into base fertilizer, are placed in plantation hole, plant again after upper covering sandy soil and ecological organic fertilier
The seedling of fig, posterior peritoneum plantation, can be improved the survival rate of fig.
When the planting site is wetland with saline-alkaline, the pH value of sandy land is tested, using plantation broad irrigation early period, planting season
Between middle water flood irrigation, and add spread fertilizer over the fields acid compound fertilizer K2SO4 as base fertilizer；Before entering the winter, still broad irrigation reduces salt in sand soil
Alkali content.
(3) field management: including pruning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management.
A pruning: single layer both arms are preferably used in greenhouse production -- " text " diamond training.
It is done surely after field planting, does 20-4Ocm surely within the 1st year, retain 5 fruitful branch vertical growths, when length reaches 1.5m, selection
Two angles are good, and eugonic fruitful branch is along row to gradually evening up.In two infall cutting backs, Secondary Branch is inspired.Often
2Ocm retains a Secondary Branch vertical growth, and extracts fruit.Remaining 3 fruitful branch carries out band girdle in base portion, erases all
The rudiment of Secondary Branch.When winter pruning, three upright fruitful branches are cut off, retain two parallel major branches, at Secondary Branch base portion 2-3
Cutting back at kryptoblast, remaining branch all remove.
2nd year, after bud all on two major branches is sprouted, in major branch two sides, every 2Ocm selected and remain the consistent knot of growth
Fruit branch, remaining rudiment are all erased.Gradually the left and right direction of fruitful branch point is guided on the iron wire of two sides.When young sprout grows to 25
When saving left and right, the pinching at the 1st above 15-20 section of setting fruit position.In addition to retaining two, top Secondary Branch repeated topping, remaining
Secondary Branch, erase as early as possible.There are 10-12 fruitful branch, every reservation fruit 15 on every plant of both arms major branch.Intend specified high yield to refer to
Mark every per mu yield 1500kg.
Later annual winter pruning carries out weight cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of fruitful branch base portion, can carry out local updating,
Prevent bearing basal shoot from moving up.Fruitful branch sum must not exceed 1350 per acre.
Note: clip will be put down when surely dry, and clip paint is sealed, and then entangled trunk with dedicated fruit tree bag, prevented
Only sapling drains death
Growth period trimming is mainly bud picking, sparse branching, guarantees the growth vigor and rational density of fruitful branch.With adopting for fruit
It receives, gradually plucks lower part old leaf, keep uniform-light transmission.Mid-June, can be carried out at major branch, fruitful branch base portion lOcm girdling or
The girding of the small spacing of person.
B temperature management:
1. after rudiment in 50-70d, when >=10 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature are up to 1400 DEG C, starting result.To drop setting fruit position
It is low, excessive growth is prevented, temperature is relatively lower at this time, and at 25 DEG C, nighttime temperature is controlled at 13 DEG C for daytime temperature control.May can
Straw mat is removed.To prevent summer rainwater from invading fig, to retain canopy film, ventilation, temperature control are opened into top and front skirt.Summer
When hotter, artificial spray cooling is carried out.
2. being laid with canopy film winter since mid-October, the ventilation of noon wound membrane.November, greenhouse temperature can be controlled in 10-14 DEG C
Left and right.Early December, greenhouse can lid cotton curtain, at noon, opener curtain corner can be solved, increase sunlight irradiation.After the last ten-days period, need to protect
Temperature keeps greenhouse temperature -3--5 DEG C negative.Early January greenhouse temperature should be maintained at negative -5--8 DEG C.As external environment temperature continues
It reduces, heat source should be increased in greenhouse chamber.With guarantee greenhouse temperature be maintained at -5--8 DEG C or more (extreme low temperature to -10 DEG C hereinafter,
Shoot apex may freeze to death, and trunk, root will not freeze to death.Temperature is again as low as -14 DEG C hereinafter, overlong time, entire fig tree
It will all freeze to death).
Low temperature environment: implementing agricultural environment and possess the ability of heat preservation, further according to winter outdoor temperature, using adding cotton curtain to protect
Temperature, in greenhouse plus one layer of plastic, thermal-insulation curtain (has ready conditions and the lower place of external environment temperature, the side of external heat source heating can be used
Formula) method, ensure that fig is passed the winter safely not less than subzero minus ten degree to guarantee to implement the temperature in agricultural environment.
Using above-mentioned winter greenhouse temperature management method, it is ensured that fig is passed the winter in my area's plantation safety.
May can remove plastic greenhouse.
C water and fertilizer management:
Water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilizer management；
Fig root system is more developed, there is stronger drought-resistant ability.But blade is larger, and evaporation water is more, if insufficient water,
Young sprout can be inhibited to grow, influence fruit yield, quality.
Water management are as follows: 1 flood is poured after fertilizer applied in the spring season (irrigation amount of flood overflows root with water)；The vernalization phase pours 2 times thin
Water (penetration of fig root)；7-9 month bud differentiation and fructescence water requirement are more, 7-10d waters 1 time, every time
Irrigation amount is with the penetration of fig root；It to plough shallowly, loosen the soil after watering every time.Rainy season disposably waters, but unsuitable excessive, no
Sugar content then can be not only reduced, also will cause dehiscent fruit.
Fertilizer management are as follows: fig branches and leaves are luxuriant, and increment is big, as a result more, more to the moons bar such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium needs,
In the mid-March of young sprout growth, in the May of bud differentiation, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the mid-July of fruit maturation is based on potash fertilizer.
A kind of fig implantation methods described in the embodiment of the present invention are suitble to Xinjiang region, and by pruning, science is applied
Fertilizer is poured water to be implemented with water-fertilizer integral, can be under desertification, salinization of soil and winter low temperature environment, and successful growing and cultivation is excellent
Matter fig, high survival rate, yield is high, scale and industrialized planting fig tree may be implemented, to local society benefit
Increase, plays strong kinetogenesis.
Embodiment 2.
The present embodiment is implemented in April, 2016, and the survival rate of green peel and purple fruit can achieve 96%, 96.5&, and average production
Amount reaches 1615kg/ mus, 1650kg/ mus.
Specific steps are as follows:
(1) it selects seedling: 1 year raw nursery stock of green peel and purple fruit being selected to carry out greenhouse plantation；Green peel and purple fruit respectively plant 2
Mu, 1 mu of purple fruit is planted 83 plants, and 1 mu is planted 111 plants.
(2) it is colonized: when outdoor temperature reaches 20 DEG C or more (i.e. front and back the Ching Ming Festival), digging field planting ditch (as shown in Figure 1), it is fixed
Planting ditch wide 50cm, deep 60cm, the stalk of beneath paving 2Ocm thickness chopping；
Basal dressing applies well-rotted farmyard manure 4000kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg and potassium nitrate 10kg per acre, stirs with subsoil
Uniformly, then it is backfilled to field planting ditch；
By seedling planting, the spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 1.8m of green peel field planting；When planting seedling, nursery stock is stained with root with root-inducing powder, by field planting point
It is planted after ajusting nursery stock, first earthing, after being backfilling into the 4/5 of field planting ditch depth, mentions seedling, unfold root system, earthing seals hole again after treading,
Do canal irrigation water, after building up small furrow, pour water and irrigate, loosen the soil, after being spaced 1d, rewater, Surface Humid, do behind (under people,
Foot is not stained with mud), it loosens the soil, flatten, carry out full garden covering with ground sheeting (as shown in Figure 2).
It,, will be well-done before field planting using the agroecological environment of facility when the planting site is desertification land
Ox, sheep fertilizer add organic fertilizer to be mixed and made into base fertilizer, are placed in plantation hole, plant again after upper covering sandy soil and ecological organic fertilier
The seedling of fig, posterior peritoneum plantation, can be improved the survival rate of fig.
When the planting site is wetland with saline-alkaline, the pH value of sandy land is tested, using plantation broad irrigation early period, planting season
Between middle water flood irrigation, and add spread fertilizer over the fields acid compound fertilizer K2SO4As base fertilizer；Before entering the winter, still broad irrigation reduces saline and alkaline in sand soil
Content.
(3) field management: including pruning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management.
A pruning: it is done surely after field planting.
Happy shape: it is applicable in the strong kind (such as green peel) of summer and autumn fruit dual-purpose, growth potential, but wind major region should not use.It is tree-like
Feature: trunk high 40-50cm, extends to four directions respectively by 3-4, major branch.Angle between branch, three major branches are 120 degree, four major branches
It is 90 degree.Match side shoot and fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch again.In major branch infall cutting back, Secondary Branch is inspired.Every 2Ocm retains one two
Secondary branch vertical growth, and extract fruit.Remaining fruitful branch carries out band girdle in base portion, erases the rudiment of all Secondary Branchs.Winter
When trimming, upright fruitful branch is cut off, retains major branch, the cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of Secondary Branch base portion, remaining branch is all dredged
It removes.Advantage is that skeleton is secured, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and fruit color is good, and as a result area is big；The disadvantage is that with the increase of increment, tree
The easily excessive harvesting of body is inconvenient, and lower part baldness is serious, and setting fruit position is seriously outer to be moved, fruit quality decline, it should be noted that retraction
It updates.
Y shape: being suitable for planting culture, i.e., the purple fruit plantation in the present embodiment.Tree-like feature: the high 40-50cm of trunk, in trunk
Two major branches of culture above, major branch and row are in 45 degree of angles.The quantity of side shoot is cultivated on each major branch depending on planting density, mu
2-3 side shoot can be stayed on 83 plants of each major branches of person by planting；Mu plants and stays 1-2 side shoot on 111 plants of each major branches of person；Transplanting closeer person can
The configuration result branch group directly on major branch.Advantage: trimming picking operations are convenient；Disadvantage: excessive tree easily splitting of bearing fruit, windburn area
Pay attention to controlling the amount of bearing fruit.
2nd year, after bud all on major branch is sprouted, in major branch two sides, every 2Ocm selected and remain the consistent result of growth
Branch, remaining rudiment are all erased.Gradually the left and right direction of fruitful branch point is guided on the iron wire of two sides.When young sprout grows to 25 sections
When left and right, the pinching at the 1st above 15-20 section of setting fruit position.In addition to retaining two, top Secondary Branch repeated topping, remaining
Secondary Branch is erased as early as possible.There are 10-12 fruitful branch, every reservation fruit 15 on every plant of both arms major branch.Intend specified high yield index
Every per mu yield 1500kg.
Later annual winter pruning carries out weight cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of fruitful branch base portion, can carry out local updating,
Prevent bearing basal shoot from moving up.Fruitful branch sum must not exceed 1350 per acre.
Note: clip will be put down when surely dry, and clip paint is sealed, and then entangled trunk with dedicated fruit tree bag, prevented
Only sapling drains death
Growth period trimming is mainly bud picking, sparse branching, guarantees the growth vigor and rational density of fruitful branch.With adopting for fruit
It receives, gradually plucks lower part old leaf, keep uniform-light transmission.Mid-June, can be carried out at major branch, fruitful branch base portion lOcm girdling or
The girding of the small spacing of person.
B temperature management:
1. after rudiment in 50-70d, when >=10 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature are up to 1400 DEG C, starting result.To drop setting fruit position
It is low, excessive growth is prevented, temperature is relatively lower at this time, and at 25 DEG C, nighttime temperature is controlled at 13 DEG C for daytime temperature control.May can
Straw mat is removed.To prevent summer rainwater from invading fig, to retain canopy film, ventilation, temperature control are opened into top and front skirt.Summer
When hotter, artificial spray cooling is carried out.
2. being laid with canopy film winter since mid-October, the ventilation of noon wound membrane.November, greenhouse temperature can be controlled in 10-14 DEG C
Left and right.Early December, greenhouse can lid cotton curtain, at noon, opener curtain corner can be solved, increase sunlight irradiation.After the last ten-days period, need to protect
Temperature keeps greenhouse temperature -3--5 DEG C negative.Early January greenhouse temperature should be maintained at negative -5--8 DEG C.As external environment temperature continues
It reduces, heat source should be increased in greenhouse chamber.With guarantee greenhouse temperature be maintained at -5--8 DEG C or more (extreme low temperature to -10 DEG C hereinafter,
Shoot apex may freeze to death, and trunk, root will not freeze to death.Temperature is again as low as -14 DEG C hereinafter, overlong time, entire fig tree
It will all freeze to death).
Low temperature environment: implementing agricultural environment and possess the ability of heat preservation, further according to winter outdoor temperature, using adding cotton curtain to protect
Temperature, in greenhouse plus one layer of plastic, thermal-insulation curtain (has ready conditions and the lower place of external environment temperature, the side of external heat source heating can be used
Formula) method, ensure that fig is passed the winter safely not less than subzero minus ten degree to guarantee to implement the temperature in agricultural environment.
Using above-mentioned winter greenhouse temperature management method, it is ensured that fig is passed the winter in my area's plantation safety.
May can remove plastic greenhouse.
C water and fertilizer management:
Water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilizer management；
Fig root system is more developed, there is stronger drought-resistant ability.But blade is larger, and evaporation water is more, if insufficient water,
Young sprout can be inhibited to grow, influence fruit yield, quality.
Water management are as follows: 1 flood is poured after fertilizer applied in the spring season (irrigation amount of flood overflows root with water)；The vernalization phase pours 2 times thin
Water；7-9 month bud differentiation and fructescence water requirement are more, and 7-10d waters 1 time, and each irrigation amount is invaded with fig root
Thoroughly；It to plough shallowly, loosen the soil after watering every time.Rainy season disposably waters, but unsuitable excessive, otherwise can not only reduce sugar content,
It also will cause dehiscent fruit.
Fertilizer management are as follows: fig branches and leaves are luxuriant, and increment is big, as a result more, more to the moons bar such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium needs,
In the mid-March of young sprout growth, in the May of bud differentiation, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the mid-July of fruit maturation is based on potash fertilizer.
A kind of fig implantation methods described in the embodiment of the present invention are suitble to Xinjiang region, and by pruning, science is applied
Fertilizer is poured water to be implemented with water-fertilizer integral, can be under desertification, salinization of soil and winter low temperature environment, and successful growing and cultivation is excellent
Matter fig, high survival rate, yield is high, scale and industrialized planting fig tree may be implemented, to local society benefit
Increase, plays strong kinetogenesis.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, not makees any shape to the embodiment of the present invention
Limitation in formula, any simple modification to the above embodiments of technical spirit according to an embodiment of the present invention, equivalent variations
With modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fig implantation methods, which comprises the following steps:
It selects seedling: 1 year raw nursery stock of wave Ji Hong, Blanc Rake, green peel and purple fruit being selected to carry out greenhouse plantation；
Field planting: when outdoor temperature reaches 20 DEG C or more, digging field planting ditch, and seedling planting is watered, loosened the soil by basal dressing, is spaced 1d
Afterwards, it rewaters, carries out covering with ground sheeting；
Field management: including pruning, water and fertilizer management, temperature management.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
When the planting site is desertification land, before field planting, organic fertilizer is added to be mixed and made into base fertilizer in well-done ox, sheep fertilizer,
It is placed in plantation hole, plants nursery stock again after upper covering sandy soil；
When the planting site is wetland with saline-alkaline, broad irrigation early period is planted, middle water flood irrigation during plantation, flood is unrestrained before entering the winter
It fills；And acid compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
In the field planting step:
The amount of application of the base manure are as follows: apply well-rotted farmyard manure 4000kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg and potassium nitrate 10kg per acre；
When planting seedling, plants after ajusting nursery stock by field planting point, then field planting ditch is filled and led up, after building up small furrow, pour water.
4. implantation methods according to claim 3, which is characterized in that wherein,
The field planting furrow width 50cm, deep 60cm；It is colonized spacing in the rows 3m, line-spacing 1.8m.
5. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
The pruning are as follows:
It is done surely after field planting, does 20-4Ocm surely within the 1st year, retain 5 fruitful branch vertical growths, when length reaches 1.5m, select two
Angle is good, eugonic fruitful branch along row to gradually evening up, in two infall cutting backs；Every 2Ocm retains a Secondary Branch
Vertical growth, and extract fruit；Remaining 3 fruitful branch carries out band girdle in base portion, erases the rudiment of all Secondary Branchs；Winter repairs
When cutting, three upright fruitful branches are cut off, retain two parallel major branches, the cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of Secondary Branch base portion, remaining branch
All remove；
2nd year, after bud all on two major branches is sprouted, in major branch two sides, every 2Ocm selected and remain the consistent result of growth
Branch, remaining rudiment are all erased；Gradually the left and right direction of fruitful branch point is guided on the iron wire of two sides；When young sprout grows to 25 sections
When left and right, the pinching at the 1st above 15-20 section of setting fruit position erases it in addition to retaining two, top Secondary Branch repeated topping
Remaining Secondary Branch；There are 10-12 fruitful branch, every reservation fruit 15 on every plant of both arms major branch；
Annual winter pruning later carries out weight cutting back at 2-3 kryptoblast of fruitful branch base portion, and fruitful branch sum must not surpass per acre
Cross 1350.
6. implantation methods according to claim 5, which is characterized in that wherein,
In the pruning, mid-June carries out girdling or the cyclic annular stripping of small spacing at major branch, fruitful branch base portion lOcm
Skin.
7. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
When the kind is green peel, nursery stock trunk high 40-50cm, extends to four directions respectively by 3-4, major branch；Angle between branch, three is main
Branch is 120 degree, and four major branches are 90 degree, matches side shoot and fruit-bearing shoot cluster on major branch again.
8. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
The implantation methods be planting culture when, the high 40-50cm of nursery stock trunk, more than trunk cultivate two major branches, major branch with
Row is in 45 degree of angles；When mu plants 83 plants；2-3 side shoot can be stayed on each major branch；When mu plants 111 plants, 1-2 are stayed on each major branch
Side shoot.
9. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
The temperature management are as follows:
After rudiment in 50-70d, when >=10 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature are up to 1400 DEG C, daytime temperature control is at 25 DEG C, nighttime temperature control
At 13 DEG C；
Canopy film, the ventilation of noon wound membrane are laid with winter since mid-October；Greenhouse temperature in November is controlled at 10-14 DEG C；December is big
Canopy temperature is maintained at -10 DEG C or more.
10. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein,
The water and fertilizer management includes water management and fertilizer management；
The water management are as follows:
1 flood is poured after fertilizer applied in the spring season；The vernalization phase pours 2 thin water；The 7-9 month, 7-10d water 1 time, are impregnated with root zone every time；
The fertilizer management are as follows:
In the mid-March of young sprout growth, in the May of bud differentiation, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the mid-July of fruit maturation is based on potash fertilizer.
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