CN107743807A - For preventing and treating the method and fertilizing method of plant root-knot nematode - Google Patents
For preventing and treating the method and fertilizing method of plant root-knot nematode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107743807A CN107743807A CN201711038668.5A CN201711038668A CN107743807A CN 107743807 A CN107743807 A CN 107743807A CN 201711038668 A CN201711038668 A CN 201711038668A CN 107743807 A CN107743807 A CN 107743807A
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=NC(N)=NC2=C1C=CN2 CNPURSDMOWDNOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method and fertilizing method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode is disclosed, the method and step for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode includes：First step（S1）In, by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust；Second step（S2）In, 2.08 8.32 grams of organic dust is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil, then carries out aluminum coated steel of pouring water in soil upon mixing；Third step（S3）In, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 30 35 DEG C, the h of duration 10 14 in day temperature, and nocturnal temperature is kept for 22 28 DEG C, the h of duration 10 14, and process cycle is 15 25 days.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant root-knot nematode process field, more particularly to a kind of side for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode
Method and fertilizing method.
Background technology
Plant root-knot nematode（Meloidogyne spp.）It is a kind of special parasite for parasitizing root system of plant, in the world
In the range of it is widely distributed, International reporting root-knot nematode has a kind more than 80 at present, and country report root-knot nematode has 29 kinds.Root-knot nematode has
The features such as extensive, host is various, infectivity is strong is distributed, can almost infect all vegetable crops, under long-term single continuous cropping
Root-knot nematode quantity is continuously increased in warmhouse booth soil, is bred by the anniversary, and hazard area and degree constantly expand.General disease
The evil ground root-knot nematode incidence of disease is 20% ~ 30%, and the vegetables incidence of disease causes to have no harvest even up to more than 90% in serious warmhouse booth.
Single the methods of using crop rotation, sunlight sterilization, high-temperature steam sterilization, soil-fumigating sterilizing, biological control, it is difficult to effectively control it
Harm.Plant root-knot nematode turns into the second major disease for threatening agricultural production, has root-knot nematode disease in worldwide
Occur, agricultural losses are up to 157,000,000,000 dollars caused by root-knot nematode every year in the whole world, and domestic only vegetables loss is just up to 3,000,000,000 dollars
More than.
At present, the domestic controlling mode the most frequently used to facility cultivation root knot nematode is based on nematicide, this mode
Soil environment is not only polluted, also nematode is generated the resistance to the action of a drug, causes to prevent and treat the reduction of root-knot nematode efficiency.Lead in the prior art
Medicine and microbial inoculum etc. is used to prevent and treat root-knot nematode.
A kind of medicine for preventing and treating root-knot nematode is made of the quality proportioning of following raw material disclosed in patent document 1：Rosickyite
Azoles 1%~2%, solvent 0%~70%, auxiliary agent 8%~49%, the rosickyite azoles are the commercially available active compounds that content is 98%；It is described
Solvent is organic solvent and inorganic solvent, and wherein organic solvent is dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO)；Nothing
Solvent is water；The auxiliary agent is emulsifying agent and bleeding agent, and wherein emulsifying agent is dodecyl benzene sulfonate or alkyl phenol polyoxy
Vinethene；Bleeding agent is hypertonic azone or the anhydrous fast T in commercially available prod.The rosickyite azoles of the patent enters rapid generation in root-knot nematode body
Thank as sulfoxide, sulfone alcohol and 2- amine sulfone alcohol, suppressing its glucose uptake to nematode selectivity and irreversibility makes polypide dead, but
The patent is serious to soil pollution and develops immunity to drugs.
The organic fertilizer of anti-root-knot nematode disclosed in patent document 2 mainly includes the component of following parts by weight：Tea seeds oil cake
Dregs of rice 100-150, crop material 100-150, humic acid 30-50 and attapulgite 5-30.In the patent utilization tea seed oil grouts
The Tea Saponin contained forms effective suppression killing action to root-knot nematode.But the root knot nematode control effect of the patent is poor, goes
Sick rate is low.
Preparation and the application process of the plant health agent of root nematode are specially controlled disclosed in patent document 3, its formula rate is by weight
Measuring number meter is：EM bacterium 30-63 parts, thick smooth Verticillium dahliae 9-30 parts, potassium fulvate 25-35 parts, root-inducing powder 1-6 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide
0.2-2 parts, micro- 1-2 parts, the EM stostes are by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, actinomyces, nitrifier, anti-nitre
Change 5 sections 10 such as bacterium, bacillus more than 80 kinds of anaerobic and aerobic microorganism species of category to be combined, have for Jiangsu Werner's biotechnology
Limit company produces or commercially available high-quality EM floras, and described thick smooth Verticillium dahliae, it has effectively preventing effect to root nematode, but
The root knot nematode control effect of the patent is poor, and rate of preventing or cure a disease is low, and cost is high.
Therefore, a kind of not contaminated soil is designed, do not develop immunity to drugs, prevent and treat that root-knot nematode effect is good and cost is low is used for
Prevent and treat the method for plant root-knot nematode and required for fertilizing method is this area.
Disclosed above- mentioned information is used only for strengthening the understanding to background of the present invention in the background section, it is thus possible to
Include the information of prior art known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in not forming home.
Prior art literature
Patent document
Patent document 1：Chinese patent discloses CN104430427 A
Patent document 2：Chinese patent discloses CN106242871 A
Patent document 3：Chinese patent discloses CN107266158 A
The content of the invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As described above, the method for preventing and treating root-knot nematode of the prior art has pollution environment, develops immunity to drugs, prevents and treats root knot line
Worm effect is low, cost is high and unfavorable to soil.
Solution to problem
The present inventor etc. have made intensive studies to reach above-mentioned purpose, specifically, in the first aspect of the present invention, use
Include in the step of method of preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode：
In first step, by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust.
In second step, 2.08-8.32 grams of organic dust is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil, then upon mixing
Soil in carry out aluminum coated steel of pouring water.
In third step, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, night
Between temperature keep 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, process cycle be 15-25 days.
In the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, first step, powder after vinasse and crucifer are dried
It is broken into organic dust, the percentage by weight of crucifer is 0-50% in the organic dust.
In the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, the crucifer is radish leaves.
In the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, the particle diameter of the organic dust is 30-60 mesh.
In the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, in second step, uniformly add in the mixed soil
Enter organic chloride ammonium, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum coated steel of then pouring water, wherein, organic dust, organic chloride ammonium,
The weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100：(10-30)：(15-25)：(30-40).
In the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, in third step, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is in day temperature
Kept for 32 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, nocturnal temperature is kept for 26 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, and process cycle is 20 days.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of fertilizing method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode includes：
In first step, prepare organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into the weight of organic dust 100
Measure part, radish leaves crushed after being dried into radish leaves powder 0-45 parts by weight, charcoal 200-500 parts by weight, organic chloride ammonium 10-
30 parts by weight, ammonium polyphosphate 15-25 parts by weight and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30-40 parts by weight.
In second step, aluminum coated steel of pouring water, 6.76-58.24 grams of organic fertilizer is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil
Material, then carries out aluminum coated steel of pouring water in soil upon mixing.
In third step, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, night
Between temperature keep 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, process cycle be 15-25 days.
In the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, first step, organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer are prepared
Including by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, the parts by weight of charcoal 300, the parts by weight of organic chloride ammonium 20,
The parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 and the parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35.
In the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, first step, organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer are prepared
Including by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, radish leaves crushed after being dried into the weight of radish leaves powder 30
Part, the parts by weight of charcoal 300, the parts by weight of organic chloride ammonium 20, the parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 and the parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35.
In the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, the charcoal containing frerrous chloride, zinc chloride and
It is passed through in the ethylene glycol solution of sodium selenite under chlorine after stirring 4-5 hours with 170-180 DEG C, in the ethylene glycol solution
Charcoal, ethylene glycol, frerrous chloride, the mass parts ratio of zinc chloride and sodium selenite are in 100:900:(8-10) :(30-
35) :(0.02-0.03)。
The effect of invention
The method for being used to prevent and treat root-knot nematode of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode, and its effect is approximately identical to by force
The defects of imitating chemical insecticide, and avoiding chemical insecticide contaminated soil environment, make nematode develop immunity to drugs, while the present invention
The method for being used to prevent and treat nematode can improve total soil nitrogen and the content of organic matter, and with efficiency high, easy to operate, cost
Low, the advantages of easily promoting, it is a kind of persistently effectively preventing root-knot nematode, the method for improveing sick soil.
Therefore, technical scheme overcomes the technological deficiency of prior art, achieves significant technique effect.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to cause the technological means of the present invention clearer
Understand, reach the degree that those skilled in the art can be practiced according to the content of specification, and in order to allow the present invention
Above and other objects, features and advantages can become apparent, below with the present invention embodiment illustrated
Explanation.
Brief description of the drawings
[Fig. 1] shows the step schematic diagram for being used to prevent and treat the method for fabric root-knot nematode of one embodiment of the present of invention.
[Fig. 2] shows the comparison schematic diagram of the root-knot nematode quantity under the different disposal of one embodiment of the present of invention.
[Fig. 3] shows the comparison of the tomato plant overground part dry weight under the different disposal of one embodiment of the present of invention
Schematic diagram.
[Fig. 4] shows the comparison schematic diagram of the total nitrogen content of soil under the different disposal of one embodiment of the present of invention.
[Fig. 5] shows the comparison schematic diagram of the soil organism under the different disposal of one embodiment of the present of invention.
[Fig. 6] shows the comparison schematic diagram of the soil pH value under the different disposal of one embodiment of the present of invention.
[Fig. 7] shows the aluminum coated steel of pouring water for adding radish leaves organic dust comprising vinasse of one embodiment of the present of invention
Under soil pH value comparison schematic diagram.
[Fig. 8] shows the step of being used to prevent and treat the fertilizing method of fabric root-knot nematode of one embodiment of the present of invention
Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although show the present invention's in accompanying drawing
Specific embodiment, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the present invention without should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.Conversely, there is provided these embodiments are to be able to be best understood from the present invention, and can be complete by the scope of the present invention
Be communicated to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that some vocabulary has been used to censure specific components among specification and claim.Ability
Field technique personnel it would be appreciated that, technical staff may call same component with different nouns.This specification and right
It is required that not in a manner of the difference of noun is used as and distinguishes component, but differentiation is used as with the difference of component functionally
Criterion."comprising" or " comprising " as mentioned in working as in specification in the whole text and claim are an open language, therefore should be solved
It is interpreted into " include but be not limited to ".Specification subsequent descriptions for implement the present invention better embodiment, so it is described description be with
For the purpose of the rule of specification, the scope of the present invention is not limited to.Protection scope of the present invention is when regarding appended right
It is required that institute's defender is defined.
For ease of the understanding to the embodiment of the present invention, done further by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing
Explanation, and each accompanying drawing does not form the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the step schematic diagram for being used to prevent and treat the method for nematode of the invention as shown in Figure 1, as shown in figure 1,
A kind of method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, its step include：
In first step S1, by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust；
In second step S2,2.08-8.32 grams of organic dust is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil, then upon mixing
Aluminum coated steel of pouring water is carried out in soil；
In third step S3, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, night
Temperature is kept for 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, and process cycle is 15-25 days.
The method for being used to prevent and treat nematode of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode, and its effect is approximately identical to by force
The defects of imitating chemical insecticide, and avoiding chemical insecticide contaminated soil environment, make nematode develop immunity to drugs, while the present invention
The method for being used to prevent and treat nematode can improve total soil nitrogen and the content of organic matter, and with efficiency high, easy to operate easily push away
The advantages of wide, it is a kind of persistently effectively preventing root-knot nematode, the method for improveing sick soil.
In order to further illustrate the significant performance for being used to prevent and treat the method for plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, the present invention is carried out
Contrast test, it is derived from Shouguang City of Shandong Province for examination soil（118.79°E、36.89°N）In certain green house of vegetables, due to connecting for a long time
Make, root-knot nematode disease is more serious.The physiochemical properties of soil is pH 6.7, electrical conductivity 421.7 μ scm-1, organic
Matter content is 15.27 gkg-1, and total nitrogen content is 1.26 gkg-1.It is wheat stalk, maize straw for examination organic materials
And vinasse, contrast object have original position soil processing（CK）, waterflooding aluminum coated steel, AVM processing, by wheat stalk, corn stalk
Stalk and vinasse shine dry doubling and are ground into after powdered organic dust aluminum coated steel of pouring water respectively.It is AVM breast for the examination formulations of pesticide
Oil, active ingredient 5%, purchase in Hebei Veyong Biochemical Farm Chemical Co., Ltd., take the ml of AVM 0.05, with distilled water constant volume
To 200 ml, 1 week processing sick soil before tomato seedling is transplanted.It is No. 5 tomato seedlings of Rising for studying thing（3-4 blades）, buying
In magnificence Zhong Ye Co., Ltds of Shouguang City of Shandong Province, tomato variety is generally planted for locality.The transplant planting on the 16th of August in 2017 in
In artificial climate incubator, after being colonized 1 month, move into glasshouse, continue plantation 2 months.
Pour water aluminum coated steel, maize straw organic dust of the wheat stalk organic dust of the present invention is poured water aluminum coated steel and wine
Poor organic dust aluminum coated steel of pouring water is handled according to the following steps, and the present invention in soil using being homogeneously added into above-mentioned organic powder
End, the aluminum coated steel that then carries out pouring water in soil upon mixing are small with reference to North China farmland to prevent and treat root knot nematode disease soil
Wheat Straw returning to the field amount（The average t/hm2 of amount of application 7.5）4 organic materials additions are set：0、2.08、4.16、8.32 g·
kg-1.Processing unit used is plastic tub, diameter 16 cm, high 8 cm, 1 kg of soil is filled per basin.Organic materials is added to processing dress
Overlay film of pouring water is postponed, is put into artificial climate incubator（RDN-1000D-3）Interior, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept in day temperature
28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, 20-30 DEG C of nocturnal temperature holding, duration 10-14 h, process cycle 15-25
My god.
After processing terminates, the soil in processing unit is transferred to the cm of diameter 9, in high 12 cm pottery basin, the field planting kind per basin
1 plant of eggplant, 500 ml water is poured daily 1 time during experiment per basin.After aluminum coated steel of pouring water terminates, soil sample is dried, crosses 2 mm screen clothes
Preserve.After tomato is colonized 3 months, soil sample is dried, 2 mm screen clothes is crossed and preserves.Root-knot nematode quantity is using the graceful funnel of shellfish improved
Method separation counts, and carries out severity Scaling：0 grade be root system completely without root knot；1 grade is that less than 10% root system has root knot, but does not connect mutually
Connect；2 grades are that 11% ~ 30% root system has root knot, only a small amount of root knot connection；3 grades are that 31% ~ 75% root system has a root knot, root below half
Knot is connected with each other, and part taproot and lateral root is thicker and in deformity；4 grades are that more than 75% root system has root knot, are mutually interconnected between root knot
Connect, most taproot and lateral roots are thicker and in deformity.
Disease index (%)=∑ (each sick level × strain number at different levels) × 100%/(highest disease level × always investigate strain number)
The incidence of disease (%)=morbidity strain number/investigation strain number
Soil pH（Soil ratio 2.5：1）Determined using glass electrode method, full nitrogen is had using dichromic acid first-sulfuric acid digestion method measure
Machine matter is determined using potassium bichromate Outside Heating Method, and plant dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings is determined using electronic analytical balance.In summary, drawn not
Prevention effect contrast table 1 with processing to root-knot nematode,
Prevention effect of the different disposal of table 1 to root-knot nematode
| Test process | Root knot grade/5 grade | Disease index/% | The incidence of disease/% |
| CK | 2.7 | 88.9 | 100.0 |
| AVM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Waterflooding overlay film | 3.0 | 75.0 | 100.0 |
| The gkg-1 of corn 2.08 | 3.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| The gkg-1 of corn 4.16 | 1.0 | 72.8 | 89.0 |
| The gkg-1 of corn 8.32 | 2.3 | 32.5 | 35.2 |
| The gkg-1 of vinasse 2.08 | 0.0 | 8 | 8 |
| The gkg-1 of vinasse 4.16 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| The gkg-1 of vinasse 8.32 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| The gkg-1 of wheat 2.08 | 0.0 | 36.6 | 34.5 |
| The gkg-1 of wheat 4.16 | 0.3 | 32.5 | 33.3 |
| The gkg-1 of wheat 8.32 | 0.7 | 45.0 | 36.0 |
Referring to table 1, lower dissemination of the root-knot nematode to Tomato Root System of AVM processing is least obvious, and root knot grade is minimum,
The lower root knot grade of other processing and the incidence of disease are followed successively by vinasse ＜ wheat ＜ corns, waterflooding aluminum coated steel root knot grade highest；Kind
The eggplant plant incidence of disease is shown as, and CK processing and the waterflooding aluminum coated steel incidence of disease are 100%, and the AVM processing incidence of disease is minimum
0.0%；Tomato plant disease index is shown as, and CK processing up to 88.9%, waterflooding overlay film takes second place for 75.0%, AVM
Handle the incidence of disease minimum 0.
The present invention after processing to the quantity of root-knot nematode in soil to counting, under different disposal as shown in Figure 2
The comparison schematic diagram of root-knot nematode quantity, pour water aluminum coated steel, maize straw organic dust of Wheat Straw organic dust are poured water overlay film
The quantity for handling root-knot nematode in the soil for aluminum coated steel of being poured water with vinasse organic dust is substantially less than CK controls and waterflooding overlay film
Processing, have dropped 58.8% ~ 97.2% compared to CK processing, have dropped 50.1% ~ 96.6% compared to waterflooding aluminum coated steel, the organic powder of vinasse
End pour water the processing of aluminum coated steel and AVM soil in root-knot nematode quantity without significant difference, that is to say, that 2.08,
4.16th, in the case of 8.32 gkg-1, tri- kinds of additions, Wheat Straw organic dust is poured water the organic powder of aluminum coated steel, maize straw
End pour water aluminum coated steel root-knot nematode treatment effect not as AVM processing, but vinasse organic dust is poured water aluminum coated steel
Root-knot nematode treatment effect is approximately identical to AVM processing, therefore, the preventing and treating of the aluminum coated steel of pouring water of vinasse organic dust
The significant effect of root-knot nematode pours water aluminum coated steel higher than Wheat Straw organic dust and maize straw organic dust is poured water at overlay film
Reason, and the prevention effect of AVM processing are roughly the same and use avoids chemical insecticide contaminated soil environment, makes nematode
The defects of developing immunity to drugs.Vinasse organic dust is studied by the present invention and found, figure it is seen that preventing and treating root-knot nematode
Effect and the addition of organic dust be not linear relationship, prevent and treat the effect and high temperature, extreme anaerobic environment of root-knot nematode
And the material comprehensive function such as organic acid, H2S, NH3 caused by vinasse organic dust anaerobic fermentation.The present invention further studies
The effect for going out, when vinasse organic dust is less than 2.08 gkg-1, to prevent and treat root-knot nematode declines, and is more than 8.32 gkg-1
When, the effect for preventing and treating root-knot nematode does not get a promotion, and adds cost accounting on the contrary.
In order to further illustrate that the method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode of the present invention promotes fabric growth result notable,
The present invention has carried out the contrast test of tomato plant overground part dry weight under different disposal, kind under different disposal as shown in Figure 3
The comparison schematic diagram of eggplant plant above ground portion dry weight, tomato plant overground part dry weight are CK processing, waterflooding overlay film respectively from low to high
Processing, wheat stalk organic dust pour water aluminum coated steel, corn pour water aluminum coated steel, vinasse organic dust pour water aluminum coated steel and
AVM processing, rear four kinds of processing compared to CK processing improve 11.1% ~ 201.2%, with the increase of organic materials addition,
Wheat stalk organic dust pour water aluminum coated steel, vinasse organic dust of aluminum coated steel, corn of pouring water is poured water the ground of aluminum coated steel
Portion's dry weight is shown first to raise the trend reduced afterwards, that is, the growth of tomato plant can excessively be suppressed by adding organic materials.This hair
Bright research finds that vinasse processing overground part dry weight is more than other strong reduction treatments, and organic materials addition is 4.16 gkg-1
When, the upgrowth situation of tomato plant is optimal.
In order to further illustrate influence of the method to soil physico-chemical property for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode of the present invention,
The present invention compares to total nitrogen content of soil, the comparison signal of the total nitrogen content of soil under different disposal as shown in Figure 4
Figure, wheat stalk organic dust pour water aluminum coated steel, vinasse organic dust of aluminum coated steel, corn of pouring water pour water aluminum coated steel to soil
Earth total nitrogen content is handled relative to CK different degrees of raising, and, phase in rising trend with the increase of organic materials addition
12.8% is averagely improved than CK processing, the processing of addition vinasse lifts most obvious, 8.32 gkg-1 additions to total nitrogen content of soil
Amount is issued to the gkg-1 of maximum 1.50, and addition wheat stalk processing is minimum to total soil nitrogen castering action, averagely improves
10.75%。
In order to further illustrate influence of the method to soil physico-chemical property for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode of the present invention,
The present invention compares to the soil organism, the comparison schematic diagram of the soil organism under different disposal as shown in Figure 5, such as
Shown in figure, wheat stalk organic dust pour water aluminum coated steel, vinasse organic dust of aluminum coated steel, corn of pouring water is poured water aluminum coated steel
Total nitrogen content of soil is handled relative to CK different degrees of raising, and becomes with the increase of organic materials addition in rising
Gesture, 3.4% is averagely improved compared to CK processing, addition vinasse processing lifts most obvious, 8.32gkg-1 to total nitrogen content of soil
Addition is issued to the gkg-1 of maximum 16.40, and addition wheat stalk processing is minimum to soil organism castering action, average
Improve 2.1%.
In order to further illustrate influence of the method to soil physico-chemical property for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode of the present invention,
The present invention compares to soil pH value, the comparison schematic diagram of the soil pH under different disposal shown in Fig. 6, as shown in fig. 6,
The soil pH of different disposal has different degrees of raising relative to control treatment, and is in rise with the increase of organic materials addition
Trend, CK processing pH is 6.45, and addition wheat stalk processing is minimum to soil pH castering action, averagely improves 0.19, vinasse
The pour water pH of aluminum coated steel of organic dust is 6.75, although being poured water compared to pour water aluminum coated steel, corn of wheat stalk organic dust
Aluminum coated steel effect is more preferable, but causes soil still slant acidity.It is of the invention by further studying in order to overcome this defect,
In the preferred embodiment for the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, in first step S1, by vinasse and cross
It is ground into organic dust after flower section plant drying, the percentage by weight of crucifer is 0-50% in the organic dust.Such as
It is upper described, crucifer is added in vinasse not but not reduces insecticidal effect, and the acid-base value of soil can be improved.Will
Vinasse and crucifer crushed after being dried are advantageous to optimize the physicochemical property of soil into organic dust.In being used for for the present invention
In the preferred embodiment for preventing and treating the method for plant root-knot nematode, the crucifer is radish leaves.Present invention research finds trailing plants
Bu Ye and the organic dust of vinasse mixing can significantly improve the acid-base value of soil on the basis of insecticidal effect is not reduced.In order to
Further illustrate that vinasse add the aluminum coated steel of pouring water of radish leaves to influence soil pH value, the vinasse that include shown in Fig. 7 add radish leaves
Processing soil pH comparison schematic diagram, as illustrated, wherein add radish leaves and vinasse organic dust processing soil pH is carried
Rise most obvious, 8.32 gkg-1 additions are issued to maximum 7.12, the defects of which overcome soil slant acidity is caused.
In the preferred embodiment for the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, the particle diameter of the organic dust
For 30-60 mesh.
In the preferred embodiment for the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, in second step S2, in institute
State and organic chloride ammonium, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly added into mixed soil, aluminum coated steel of then pouring water, its
In, organic dust, organic chloride ammonium, the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are 100：(10-30)：(15-25)：
(30-40).This significantly improves the fertility of soil on the basis of insecticidal effect is not reduced.
In the preferred embodiment for the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, third step（S3）In, institute
State aluminum coated steel of pouring water and kept for 32 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, nocturnal temperature is kept for 26 DEG C, the duration
10-14 h, process cycle are 20 days.
Fig. 8 shows that the step of fertilizing method for preventing and treating fabric root-knot nematode of one embodiment of the present of invention is illustrated
Figure, the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode include：
In first step S1, prepare organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust 100
Parts by weight, radish leaves crushed after being dried into radish leaves powder 0-45 parts by weight, charcoal 200-500 parts by weight, organic chloride ammonium
10-30 parts by weight, ammonium polyphosphate 15-25 parts by weight and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30-40 parts by weight.
In second step S2, aluminum coated steel of pouring water, 6.76-58.24 grams organic is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil
Fertilizer, then carry out aluminum coated steel of pouring water in soil upon mixing.
In third step S3, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature,
Nocturnal temperature is kept for 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, and process cycle is 15-25 days.
The fertilizing method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode of the present invention can effectively prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode, its effect
Potent chemical insecticide is approximately identical to, and avoids chemical insecticide contaminated soil environment, make what nematode developed immunity to drugs to lack
Fall into, while the present invention is used to preventing and treating the fertilizing method of plant root-knot nematode and can increase soil fertility, improve full nitrogen and organic
Matter content, the appropriate biological carbon content in this method significantly improve the slow release effect of this method, significantly improve preventing and treating root
The persistence of tie lines worm and the slow release effect of fertility, the present invention have desinsection and fertilising efficiency high, it is easy to operate easily promote it is excellent
Point, it is a kind of persistently effectively preventing root-knot nematode, method increase soil fertility.
In the preferred embodiment for the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, in first step S1,
Prepare organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, charcoal 300
Parts by weight, the parts by weight of organic chloride ammonium 20, the parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 and the parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35.
In the preferred embodiment for the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode of the present invention, in first step S1,
Prepare organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, radish leaves dry
The parts by weight of radish leaves powder 30, the parts by weight of charcoal 300, the parts by weight of organic chloride ammonium 20, the weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 being ground into afterwards
Part and the parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35.In the present embodiment, can be on the basis of desinsection not be influenceed by the addition of radish leaves
The significantly acid-base value of balanced soil.
The present invention the preferred embodiment for the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode in, the charcoal containing
Have be passed through in the ethylene glycol solution of frerrous chloride, zinc chloride and sodium selenite under chlorine with 170-180 DEG C stirring 4-5 hours after,
The mass parts ratio of charcoal, ethylene glycol, frerrous chloride, zinc chloride and sodium selenite in the ethylene glycol solution is in 100:
900:(8-10) :(30-35) :(0.02-0.03).In the present embodiment, charcoal, ethylene glycol, frerrous chloride, chlorination are passed through
The addition of zinc and sodium selenite, the hydrophily of selenium, iron ion and zinc ion enhancing charcoal is adsorbed with charcoal, improves biology
The specific surface area and pore volume of charcoal, significantly improve the adsorption capacity of charcoal, on the basis of soil application is met, Neng Gou
Do not influence to significantly improve on the basis of desinsection the adsorption capacity of charcoal base manure, the particularly adsorption capacity of heavy metal, wherein, it is right
The clean effect of cadmium pollution is good.
Industrial applicibility
The method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode and fertilizing method of the present invention can manufacture simultaneously in plant root-knot nematode field
Use.
Although embodiment of the present invention is described above in association with accompanying drawing, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Specific embodiments and applications field, above-mentioned specific embodiment are only schematical, directiveness, rather than restricted
's.One of ordinary skill in the art is under the enlightenment of this specification and in the scope for not departing from the claims in the present invention and being protected
In the case of, the form of many kinds can also be made, these belong to the row of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematode, its step includes：
First step（S1）In, by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust；
Second step（S2）In, 2.08-8.32 grams of organic dust is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil, then upon mixing
Soil in carry out aluminum coated steel of pouring water；
Third step（S3）In, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, night
Between temperature keep 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, process cycle be 15-25 days.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that first step（S1）In, by vinasse and crucifer
Crushed after being dried is into organic dust, and the percentage by weight of crucifer is 0-50% in the organic dust.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that the crucifer is radish leaves.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the particle diameter of the organic dust is 30-60 mesh.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that second step（S2）In, in the mixed soil
Organic chloride ammonium, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly added into, aluminum coated steel of then pouring water, wherein, organic dust, organochlorine
The weight ratio for changing ammonium, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100：(10-30)：(15-25)：(30-40).
6. according to the method any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that third step（S3）In, described pour water is covered
Film process is kept for 32 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, and nocturnal temperature is kept for 26 DEG C, duration 10-14 h,
Process cycle is 20 days.
7. a kind of fertilizing method for being used to prevent and treat plant root-knot nematode, its step include：
First step（S1）In, prepare organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into organic dust
100 parts by weight, radish leaves crushed after being dried into radish leaves powder 0-45 parts by weight, charcoal 200-500 parts by weight, organic chloride
Ammonium 10-30 parts by weight, ammonium polyphosphate 15-25 parts by weight and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30-40 parts by weight；
Second step（S2）In, aluminum coated steel of pouring water, 6.76-58.24 grams of organic fertilizer is homogeneously added into every kilogram of soil
Material, then carries out aluminum coated steel of pouring water in soil upon mixing；
Third step（S3）In, the aluminum coated steel of pouring water is kept for 28-45 DEG C, duration 10-14 h in day temperature, night
Between temperature keep 20-30 DEG C, duration 10-14 h, process cycle be 15-25 days.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that first step（S1）In, organic fertilizer is prepared, it is described organic
Fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, the parts by weight of charcoal 300, the weight of organic chloride ammonium 20
Measure part, the parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 and the parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35.
9. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that first step（S1）In, organic fertilizer is prepared, it is described organic
Fertilizer include by vinasse crushed after being dried into the parts by weight of organic dust 100, radish leaves crushed after being dried into radish leaves powder 30
Parts by weight, the parts by weight of charcoal 300, the parts by weight of organic chloride ammonium 20, the parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate 20 and the weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 35
Part.
10. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that the charcoal is containing frerrous chloride, zinc chloride and Asia
It is passed through in the ethylene glycol solution of sodium selenate under chlorine after stirring 4-5 hours with 170-180 DEG C, the life in the ethylene glycol solution
Thing charcoal, ethylene glycol, frerrous chloride, the mass parts ratio of zinc chloride and sodium selenite are in 100:900:(8-10) :(30-35)
:(0.02-0.03)。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108835129A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州梵净山农业高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological, environmental protective soil sterilants and preparation method thereof |
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