CN107743807B - Method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematode and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematode and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are a method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes and a fertilizing method, wherein the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes comprises the following steps: in the first step (S1), the distiller' S grains are dried and pulverized into organic powder; in the second step (S2), 2.08-8.32 g of organic powder is uniformly added into each kilogram of soil, and then irrigation and film covering treatment are carried out on the mixed soil; in the third step (S3), the temperature is kept at 30-35 ℃ in the daytime for 10-14h, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ at night for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of treatment of plant root-knot nematodes, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematodes and a fertilizing method.
Background
Plant root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites which are specially parasitic on plant roots and widely distributed worldwide, and currently, more than 80 kinds of root-knot nematodes are reported internationally, and 29 kinds of root-knot nematodes are reported domestically. The root-knot nematodes have the characteristics of wide distribution, various hosts, strong infectivity and the like, can almost infect all vegetable crops, continuously increase the number of the root-knot nematodes in the soil of the greenhouse under long-term single continuous cropping, and continuously expand the damage area and degree after annual propagation. The incidence rate of the root-knot nematodes in the diseased areas is 20-30%, and even the incidence rate of the vegetables in the severe greenhouse is more than 90%, so that the disease is dead. The method of crop rotation, sunlight disinfection, high-temperature steam disinfection, soil fumigation sterilization, biological control and the like is singly adopted, and the harm is difficult to control effectively. Plant root-knot nematodes become the second disease threatening agricultural production, and are all generated worldwide, the agricultural loss caused by the root-knot nematodes reaches 1570 hundred million dollars every year in the world, and the vegetable loss in China is more than 30 hundred million dollars.
At present, the most common prevention and control mode for the root-knot nematodes in facility cultivation of vegetables in China is mainly a nematicide, which not only pollutes the soil environment, but also causes the nematodes to generate drug resistance, thus reducing the efficiency of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes. In the prior art, medicaments, microbial inoculum and the like are mainly used for preventing and treating root-knot nematodes.
The drug for preventing and treating root-knot nematode disclosed in patent document 1 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-2% of prothioconazole, 0-70% of solvent and 8-49% of auxiliary agent, wherein the prothioconazole is a commercial raw drug with the content of 98%; the solvent is an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is Dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); the inorganic solvent is water; the auxiliary agent is an emulsifier and a penetrant, wherein the emulsifier is dodecyl benzene sulfonate or alkylphenol ethoxylates; the penetrant is hypertonic azone or anhydrous quick-acting T of a commercial product. The prothioconazole disclosed by the patent enters the root-knot nematode body to be rapidly metabolized into sulfoxide, sulfone alcohol and 2-amine sulfone alcohol, and the glucose uptake of the prothioconazole is selectively and irreversibly inhibited to kill the nematode body, but the prothioconazole disclosed by the patent seriously pollutes soil and generates drug resistance.
The organic fertilizer for resisting the root knot nematode disclosed in patent document 2 mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 of tea seed oil cake, 100-150 of crop straw, 30-50 of humic acid and 5-30 of attapulgite. The patent utilizes the tea saponin contained in the tea seed oil cake to effectively inhibit and kill the root-knot nematode. However, the root-knot nematode control effect of the patent is poor, and the disease removing rate is low.
Therefore, it is needed in the art to design a method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematodes and a fertilizing method thereof, which do not pollute soil, do not generate drug resistance, have good effect of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematodes and are low in cost.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: chinese patent publication No. CN 104430427A
Patent document 2: chinese patent publication No. CN 106242871A
Patent document 3: chinese patent publication No. CN 107266158A
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As described above, the methods for controlling root-knot nematodes in the prior art have the disadvantages of environmental pollution, drug resistance, low effect of controlling root-knot nematodes, high cost and disadvantages to soil.
Means for solving the problems
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and specifically, in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, comprising the steps of:
in the first step, the distillers' grains are dried and then crushed into organic powder.
In the second step, 2.08-8.32 g of organic powder is uniformly added into each kilogram of soil, and then irrigation and film covering treatment are carried out on the mixed soil.
In the third step, the temperature is kept at 28-45 ℃ in the daytime for 10-14h, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ at night for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
In the method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematodes, in the first step, vinasse and cruciferous plants are dried and then crushed into organic powder, wherein the weight percentage of the cruciferous plants in the organic powder is 0-50%.
In the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, the cruciferous plant is radish leaves.
In the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, the particle size of the organic powder is 30 to 60 mesh.
In the method for preventing and controlling plant root-knot nematodes, in the second step, organic ammonium chloride, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly added into the mixed soil, and then water filling and film covering are carried out, wherein the weight ratio of organic powder, organic ammonium chloride, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100: (10-30): (15-25): (30-40).
In the method for preventing and controlling the plant root-knot nematodes, in the third step, the watering and film covering treatment is carried out at the daytime temperature of 32 ℃ for 10-14h and at the nighttime temperature of 26 ℃ for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 20 days.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a fertilization method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes includes:
in the first step, preparing organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by drying and crushing vinasse, 0-45 parts by weight of radish leaf powder obtained by drying and crushing radish leaves, 500 parts by weight of biochar, 10-30 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 15-25 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 30-40 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
In the second step, watering and film covering treatment, 6.76 to 58.24 grams of organic fertilizer is uniformly added into each kilogram of soil, and then watering and film covering treatment is carried out on the mixed soil.
In the third step, the temperature is kept at 28-45 ℃ in the daytime for 10-14h, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ at night for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
In a fertilizing method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, in a first step, an organic fertilizer is prepared, which includes 100 parts by weight of an organic powder obtained by drying and pulverizing distiller's grains, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In a fertilizing method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, in a first step, an organic fertilizer is prepared, which includes 100 parts by weight of an organic powder obtained by drying and pulverizing lees, 30 parts by weight of a powder obtained by drying and pulverizing radish leaves, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of an organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematodes, after the biochar is stirred for 4-5 hours at 180 ℃ under the condition of introducing chlorine gas into ethylene glycol solution containing ferrous chloride, zinc chloride and sodium selenite, the mass ratio of the biochar, the ethylene glycol, the ferrous chloride, the zinc chloride and the sodium selenite in the ethylene glycol solution is 100:900 (8-10): 30-35): 0.02-0.03.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The method for preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes can effectively prevent and treat the plant root-knot nematodes, has the effect which is approximately the same as that of a strong chemical insecticide, avoids the defects that the chemical insecticide pollutes the soil environment and causes the nematodes to have drug resistance, can improve the total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil, has the advantages of high efficiency, simple and convenient operation, low cost and easy popularization, and is a method for preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes and improving the diseased soil durably and effectively.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention overcomes the technical defects of the prior art and obtains remarkable technical effects.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly apparent, and to make the implementation of the content of the description possible for those skilled in the art, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the following description is given by way of example of the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the steps of a method for controlling root-knot nematodes of fabrics according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the number of root knot nematodes under different treatments according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the comparison of the dry aerial parts weight of tomato plants under different treatments according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a comparative schematic of total nitrogen content of soil under different treatments according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a comparative schematic of soil organic matter under different treatments of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic comparison of soil pH values under different treatments according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of the pH of soil treated with an irrigation film containing organic powders of lees and radish leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a schematic step diagram of a fertilization method for controlling root-knot nematodes in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made in terms of several specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
Specifically, the steps of the method for controlling nematodes according to the present invention are schematically shown in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes includes the steps of:
in the first step S1, the lees are dried and crushed into organic powder;
in a second step S2, uniformly adding 2.08-8.32 g of organic powder into each kilogram of soil, and then performing irrigation and film covering treatment on the mixed soil;
in a third step S3, the temperature is kept at 28-45 ℃ in the daytime for 10-14h, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ at night for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
The method for preventing and treating the nematodes can effectively prevent and treat the plant root-knot nematodes, has the effect approximately the same as that of a powerful chemical insecticide, avoids the defects that the chemical insecticide pollutes the soil environment and causes the nematodes to have drug resistance, can improve the total nitrogen and organic matter content of the soil, has the advantages of high efficiency, simple and convenient operation and easy popularization, and is a method for preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes and improving the diseased soil durably and effectively.
In order to further illustrate the remarkable performance of the method for preventing and controlling the plant root-knot nematodes, the invention carries out a comparative test, and the tested soil is taken from a certain vegetable greenhouse in Shouguang City (118.79 DEG E, 36.89 DEG N) in Shandong province, and the root-knot nematodes have serious diseases due to long-term continuous cropping. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are pH 6.7, conductivity is 421.7 mu s.cm < -1 >, organic matter content is 15.27 g.kg < -1 >, and total nitrogen content is 1.26 g.kg < -1 >. The organic materials to be tested are wheat straws, corn straws and vinasse, the comparison objects comprise in-situ soil treatment (CK), flooding and film covering treatment and abamectin treatment, and the wheat straws, the corn straws and the vinasse are respectively dried in the sun and crushed into powdery organic powder and then are irrigated and film covered. The pesticide formulation to be tested is abamectin emulsifiable solution, the active ingredient is 5 percent, the abamectin is purchased from the limited biochemical pesticide of Weekremote, Hebei, 0.05 ml of abamectin is taken, the volume is determined to be 200 ml by distilled water, and the diseased soil is treated 1 week before the tomato seedlings are transplanted. The tested crop is a No. 5 Switzerland tomato seedling (3-4 leaves), is purchased from Hongwei species industry Limited company in Shouguang City, Shandong province, and is a commonly planted tomato variety in local places. Transplanting and planting in a phytotron in 2017, 8 months and 16 days, after planting for 1 month, moving into a glass greenhouse, and continuing planting for 2 months.
The organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment of the wheat straws, the organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment of the corn straws and the organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment of the vinasse are carried out according to the following steps, the organic powder is uniformly added into soil, then the irrigation and film covering treatment is carried out on the mixed soil to prevent and control the soil with root-knot nematode diseases, and 4 organic material adding amounts are set according to the wheat straw returning amount (average application amount of 7.5 t/hm 2) of the farmland in North China: 0. 2.08, 4.16 and 8.32 g.kg < -1 >. The used treatment device is a plastic basin with the diameter of 16 cm and the height of 8 cm, and each basin is filled with 1 kg of soil. Adding organic materials into the processing device, watering and laminating, and placing into a climatic incubator (RDN-1000D-3), wherein the watering and laminating treatment is carried out at the daytime temperature of 28-45 ℃ for 10-14h, the nighttime temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
After the treatment, the soil in the treatment device is transferred into earthenware pots with the diameter of 9 cm and the height of 12 cm, 1 tomato is fixedly planted in each pot, and 500 ml of water is poured into each pot 1 time every day during the test period. After the irrigation and film covering treatment is finished, the soil sample is dried and stored by passing through a 2 mm screen. After the tomatoes are planted for 3 months, the soil sample is dried in the air and is stored by passing through a 2 mm screen. The number of the root-knot nematodes is separated and counted by adopting an improved Beemann funnel method, and disease condition grading is carried out: level 0 is complete root system without root knot; the 1 grade is that less than 10% of root systems have root knots, but are not connected with each other; in the level 2, 11% -30% of root systems have root knots, and only a small number of root knots are connected; 31% -75% of the root systems in grade 3 have root knots, less than half of the root knots are mutually connected, and part of main roots and lateral roots become thick and deformed; in the 4-grade, more than 75% of root systems have root knots, the root knots are mutually connected, and most of main roots and lateral roots become thick and deformed.
Disease index (%) = ∑ (each disease grade × number of strains at each grade) × 100%/(highest disease grade × number of strains to be investigated)
Incidence (%) = number of diseased plants/number of investigated plants
The pH value (water-soil ratio 2.5: 1) of the soil is measured by adopting a glass electrode method, the total nitrogen is measured by adopting a methyl dichromate-sulfuric acid digestion method, the organic matter is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, and the dry and fresh weight of the plant is measured by adopting an electronic analytical balance. In conclusion, the control effects of different treatments on the root-knot nematodes are compared with those in Table 1,
TABLE 1 control of root-knot nematodes by different treatments
| Test treatment | Root knot grade/5 grade | Index of disease/%) | Incidence rate/%) |
| CK | 2.7 | 88.9 | 100.0 |
| Abamectin and its preparation method | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Water flooding film | 3.0 | 75.0 | 100.0 |
| Corn 2.08 g kg-1 | 3.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Corn 4.16 g.kg-1 | 1.0 | 72.8 | 89.0 |
| Corn 8.32 g.kg-1 | 2.3 | 32.5 | 35.2 |
| 2.08 g kg-1 of vinasse | 0.0 | 8 | 8 |
| 4.16 g kg-1 of vinasse | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 8.32g kg-1 of vinasse | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Wheat 2.08 g.kg-1 | 0.0 | 36.6 | 34.5 |
| Wheat 4.16 g.kg-1 | 0.3 | 32.5 | 33.3 |
| Wheat 8.32 g.kg-1 | 0.7 | 45.0 | 36.0 |
Referring to table 1, the root-knot nematode under abamectin treatment has the least obvious infection effect on tomato root systems, the root-knot grade is the lowest, the root-knot grades and the morbidity under other treatments are that vinasse is less than wheat and less than corn in sequence, and the root-knot grade is the highest after water flooding and film covering treatment; the morbidity of tomato plants is shown in the specification that the morbidity of CK treatment and flooding film covering treatment is 100 percent, and the lowest morbidity of abamectin treatment is 0.0 percent; the disease index of tomato plants shows that the highest CK treatment is 88.9 percent, the highest flooding and film covering times are 75.0 percent, and the lowest disease incidence rate of abamectin treatment is 0.
The invention counts the number of the root-knot nematodes in the treated soil, as shown in a comparison schematic diagram of the number of the root-knot nematodes under different treatments in figure 2, the number of the root-knot nematodes in the soil subjected to the wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment, the corn straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment and the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment is obviously lower than that of the soil subjected to CK contrast and the water immersion and film covering treatment, is reduced by 58.8-97.2% compared with that of the CK treatment and 50.1-96.6% compared with that of the water immersion and film covering treatment, the number of the root-knot nematodes in the soil subjected to the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment and the abamectin treatment has no obvious difference, namely, under the condition of three adding amounts of 2.08, 4.16 and 8.32 g.kg-1, the treatment effects of the root-knot nematodes subjected to the wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment and the corn straw organic powder irrigation and film, however, the treatment effect of the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment on the root-knot nematodes is approximately the same as that of the abamectin treatment, so that the effect of the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment on the root-knot nematodes is obviously higher than that of the wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment and the corn straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment, the control effect of the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment is approximately the same as that of the abamectin treatment, and the defects that chemical pesticides pollute the soil environment and cause the nematodes to generate drug resistance are avoided by using the method. According to the research on the vinasse organic powder, the effect of preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes and the addition amount of the organic powder are not in a linear relationship, and the effect of preventing and treating the root-knot nematodes has comprehensive effects on organic acids, H2S, NH3 and the like generated in the anaerobic fermentation of the vinasse organic powder under high-temperature and extreme anaerobic environments, as can be seen from figure 2. The further research of the invention shows that when the organic powder of the vinasse is less than 2.08 g.kg < -1 >, the effect of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematode is reduced, and when the organic powder of the vinasse is more than 8.32 g.kg < -1 >, the effect of preventing and controlling the root-knot nematode is not improved, but the prevention and control cost is increased.
In order to further illustrate that the method for preventing and controlling the plant root-knot nematode has obvious effect of promoting the growth of the fabric, the invention carries out a comparison test of the dry weight of the overground parts of the tomato plants under different treatments, as shown in fig. 3, the dry weight of the overground part of the tomato plant under different treatments is respectively subjected to CK treatment, flooding and film covering treatment, wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment, corn irrigation and film covering treatment, vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment and abamectin treatment from low to high, the dry weight of the overground part of the tomato plant is improved by 11.1% -201.2% compared with the CK treatment, and the weight average of the overground part dry weight of the wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment, the corn irrigation and film covering treatment and the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment shows a trend of increasing and decreasing firstly with the increase of the addition amount of organic materials, namely, the growth of the tomato plant is inhibited by adding too much organic materials. The research of the invention finds that the dry weight of the overground part of the vinasse treatment is larger than that of other strong reduction treatments, and the growth condition of tomato plants is optimal when the addition amount of organic materials is 4.16 g.kg < -1 >.
In order to further illustrate the influence of the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematodes on the physicochemical properties of soil, the method compares the total nitrogen content of the soil, and as shown in a comparison schematic diagram of the total nitrogen content of the soil under different treatments in figure 4, the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved to different degrees through the wheat straw organic powder irrigation film covering treatment, the corn irrigation film covering treatment and the vinasse organic powder irrigation film covering treatment, compared with the CK treatment, the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved to a higher degree along with the increase of the addition amount of organic materials, the improvement of the total nitrogen content of the soil is most obvious through the vinasse addition treatment, the maximum value of the addition amount of 8.32 g.kg-1 is 1.50 g.kg-1, the improvement of the total nitrogen of the soil through the wheat straw addition treatment is minimum, and the improvement of the total nitrogen content of the soil is.
In order to further illustrate the influence of the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematodes on the physicochemical properties of soil, soil organic matters are compared, as shown in a comparison schematic diagram of the soil organic matters under different treatments in fig. 5, as shown in the diagram, the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved to different degrees in the wheat straw organic powder irrigation film covering treatment, the corn irrigation film covering treatment and the vinasse organic powder irrigation film covering treatment compared with the CK treatment, the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved to the highest extent in the figure along with the increase of the addition amount of organic materials, the total nitrogen content of the soil is improved to the most obvious extent in the vinasse adding treatment, the addition amount of 8.32 g.kg < -1 > is 16.40 g.kg < -1 >, the improvement effect of the wheat straw adding treatment on the soil organic matters is minimum, and the improvement effect of the soil organic matters is.
In order to further illustrate the influence of the method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematodes on the physical and chemical properties of soil, the pH value of the soil is compared, the pH value of the soil under different treatments is shown in figure 6, as shown in figure 6, the pH value of the soil under different treatments is increased to different degrees compared with the pH value of the soil under different treatments, and the pH value of the soil under different treatments is increased in different degrees and is increased along with the increase of the addition amount of organic materials, the CK treatment pH value is 6.45, the increase effect of the wheat straw addition treatment on the pH value of the soil is minimum, the average increase is 0.19, the pH value of the vinasse organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment is 6.75, although the effect is better compared with the wheat straw organic powder irrigation and film covering treatment, and the. To overcome this drawback, the present inventors have further studied, and in a preferred embodiment of the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, in the first step S1, the distiller' S grains and cruciferous plants are dried and pulverized into an organic powder, wherein the weight percentage of the cruciferous plants in the organic powder is 0-50%. As described above, the addition of cruciferous plants to the distiller's grains does not reduce the insecticidal effect, and can increase the pH of the soil. The vinasse and the cruciferous plants are dried and then crushed into organic powder, which is favorable for optimizing the physical and chemical properties of soil. In a preferred embodiment of the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, the cruciferous plant is radish leaves. The research of the invention finds that the organic powder mixed by the radish leaves and the vinasse can obviously improve the pH value of the soil on the basis of not reducing the insecticidal effect. To further illustrate the effect of the irrigation film treatment of the lees plus radish leaves on the pH of the soil, a comparative schematic diagram of the pH of the soil including the treatment of the lees plus radish leaves is shown in fig. 7, wherein the addition of the radish leaves and the lees organic powder is most significant in increasing the pH of the soil, and the addition amount of 8.32 g.kg < -1 > reaches a maximum value of 7.12, which overcomes the defect of making the soil acidic.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, the particle size of the organic powder is 30 to 60 mesh.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, in the second step S2, organic ammonium chloride, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are uniformly added to the mixed soil, and then a water-irrigation film-coating treatment is performed, wherein the weight ratio of the organic powder, the organic ammonium chloride, the ammonium polyphosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100: (10-30): (15-25): (30-40). The fertility of the soil is obviously improved on the basis of not reducing the insecticidal effect.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, in the third step (S3), the watering coating treatment is maintained at a daytime temperature of 32 ℃ for 10 to 14 hours, and at a nighttime temperature of 26 ℃ for 10 to 14 hours, for a treatment period of 20 days.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic step diagram of a fertilization method for controlling root knot nematodes of plants according to an embodiment of the present invention, the fertilization method comprising:
in the first step S1, an organic fertilizer is prepared, which includes 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by drying and pulverizing lees, 0 to 45 parts by weight of radish leaf powder obtained by drying and pulverizing radish leaves, 500 parts by weight of biochar 200-.
In the second step S2, the water-filling and film-covering treatment is carried out, wherein 6.76-58.24 g of organic fertilizer is uniformly added into each kilogram of soil, and then the water-filling and film-covering treatment is carried out on the mixed soil.
In a third step S3, the temperature is kept at 28-45 ℃ in the daytime for 10-14h, the temperature is kept at 20-30 ℃ at night for 10-14h, and the treatment period is 15-25 days.
The fertilizing method for preventing and treating the plant root-knot nematode can effectively prevent and treat the plant root-knot nematode, the effect is approximately the same as that of a strong chemical insecticide, the defects that the chemical insecticide pollutes the soil environment and the nematode generates drug resistance are avoided, meanwhile, the fertilizing method for preventing and treating the plant root-knot nematode can improve the soil fertility and improve the total nitrogen and organic matter content, the proper biochar content in the method obviously improves the slow release effect of the method, and the durability and the slow release effect of the fertility for preventing and treating the root-knot nematode are obviously improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the fertilization method for controlling plant root knot nematodes of the present invention, in the first step S1, an organic fertilizer is prepared, which includes 100 parts by weight of an organic powder obtained by drying distiller' S grains and then pulverizing, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
In a preferred embodiment of the fertilizing method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes of the present invention, in the first step S1, an organic fertilizer is prepared, the organic fertilizer comprising 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by drying distiller' S grains and then pulverizing, 30 parts by weight of radish leaf powder obtained by drying radish leaves and then pulverizing, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In the embodiment, the pH value of the soil can be remarkably balanced on the basis of not influencing the disinsection by adding the radish leaves.
In a preferred embodiment of the fertilizing method for preventing and treating plant root-knot nematodes, after the biochar is stirred for 4-5 hours at 180 ℃ under the condition of introducing chlorine gas into a glycol solution containing ferrous chloride, zinc chloride and sodium selenite, the mass part ratio of the biochar, the glycol, the ferrous chloride, the zinc chloride and the sodium selenite in the glycol solution is 100:900 (8-10): 30-35: 0.02-0.03). In the embodiment, by adding the biochar, the ethylene glycol, the ferrous chloride, the zinc chloride and the sodium selenite, selenium, iron ions and zinc ions are adsorbed on the biochar to enhance the hydrophilicity of the biochar, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the biochar are improved, the adsorption capacity of the biochar is obviously improved, the adsorption capacity of carbon-based fertilizers can be obviously improved on the basis of meeting the requirement of soil fertilization without influencing the disinsection, particularly the adsorption capacity of heavy metals, and the decontamination effect on cadmium pollution is good.
Industrial applicability
The method for preventing and controlling the plant root-knot nematode and the fertilizing method can be manufactured and used in the field of the plant root-knot nematode.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and application fields, and the above-described embodiments are illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes comprising the steps of:
a first step (S1) of drying vinasse and cruciferous plants and then crushing the dried vinasse and cruciferous plants into organic powder, wherein the cruciferous plants are 0-50% by weight, the cruciferous plants are radish leaves, and the particle size of the organic powder is 30-60 meshes;
a second step (S2) of adding 2.08 to 8.32g of organic powder uniformly per kg of soil, adding organic ammonium chloride, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate uniformly to the mixed soil, and performing irrigation and film coating treatment, wherein the weight ratio of the organic powder to the organic ammonium chloride to the ammonium polyphosphate to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100: (10-30): (15-25): (30-40), keeping the temperature at 28-45 ℃ in the daytime and the duration for 10-14h, keeping the temperature at 20-30 ℃ at night and the duration for 10-14h, wherein the treatment period is 15-25 days.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a second step (S2) of maintaining the temperature at 32 ℃ during the day and at 26 ℃ during the night for 10-14h, and maintaining the treatment period at 20 days.
3. A fertilizing method for controlling plant root-knot nematodes, comprising the steps of:
a first step (S1) of preparing an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by drying and crushing vinasse, 0-45 parts by weight of radish leaf powder obtained by drying and crushing radish leaves, 500 parts by weight of biochar, 10-30 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 15-25 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 30-40 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the biochar is stirred for 4-5 hours at 180 ℃ under the condition of introducing chlorine gas into a glycol solution containing ferrous chloride, zinc chloride and sodium selenite, and the mass parts ratio of the biochar, the glycol, the ferrous chloride, the zinc chloride and the sodium selenite in the glycol solution is 100:900 (8-10): 30-35) (0.02-0.03);
and a second step (S2) of irrigation and film covering treatment, wherein 6.76 to 58.24 grams of organic fertilizer is uniformly added into each kilogram of soil, and the irrigation and film covering treatment is carried out on the mixed soil, wherein the daytime temperature is kept at 28 to 45 ℃, the duration time is 10 to 14 hours, the nighttime temperature is kept at 20 to 30 ℃, the duration time is 10 to 14 hours, and the treatment period is 15 to 25 days.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first step (S1) of preparing an organic fertilizer comprising 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by pulverizing dried distiller' S grains, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first step (S1) of preparing an organic fertilizer comprising 100 parts by weight of organic powder obtained by pulverizing dried lees, 30 parts by weight of dried leaves of radish, 300 parts by weight of biochar, 20 parts by weight of organic ammonium chloride, 20 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate and 35 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
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-
2017
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