CN116195463A - Manual mixed forest and intermediate-cut management method for cyclobalanopsis glauca - Google Patents
Manual mixed forest and intermediate-cut management method for cyclobalanopsis glauca Download PDFInfo
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- CN116195463A CN116195463A CN202211534474.5A CN202211534474A CN116195463A CN 116195463 A CN116195463 A CN 116195463A CN 202211534474 A CN202211534474 A CN 202211534474A CN 116195463 A CN116195463 A CN 116195463A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial mixed forest of cyclobalanopsis glauca and a method for operating intermediate cutting, and particularly relates to the field of artificial forestation. The method comprises the following steps: afforestation is carried out on the felling land update and the fire land update by adopting a mixed mode; precious forestation is carried out on low-quality and low-efficiency forests; carrying out precious tree species supplementing forestation on the artificial commodity forest; landscape precious forestation is carried out on the public welfare forests; landscape precious forestation is carried out on the ecological corridor and the nodes of the ecological corridor; tending up, loosening soil and weeding after forestation; the fertilizing amount increases with the age of the tree in the period of 2-10 years of forest stand; covering the peripheral surface of the trunk of the sapling with a covering, and carrying out dry cultivation when the stand grows for 1-8 years; the large diameter material is cultivated, 20% of the number of the m-valve plants can be respectively formed in 10 years, 15 years and 20 years, and main cutting can be performed in 40-50 years. The invention solves the problems of low afforestation efficiency and easy occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests existing in the existing afforestation technology which does not consider land difference and does not carry out afforestation operation differently, and can be used for improving economic benefit and utilization rate of forest lands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial forestation, in particular to an artificial mixed forest of cyclobalanopsis glauca and a method for operating intermediate cut.
Background
In the traditional mode of artificial forestation of empty lands, the forestation is divided into a plurality of blocks, planting is carried out on one block, and transplanting forestation is carried out after the one block is mature, so that the forestation period is long, the investment is large, the annual harvested forest timber volume is small, and the land utilization rate of the forestation land is low; in addition, the existing forestation technology does not consider land difference, forestation operation is performed indiscriminately, and the problems of low forestation efficiency, easiness in occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and non-ideal tree accumulation exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial mixed forest and interval-cutting management method for cyclobalanopsis glauca, which solves the problems that the existing forestation technology does not consider land difference, forestation operation is indiscriminately carried out, forestation efficiency is low and diseases and insect pests are easy to occur.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for manually blending and operating the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca comprises the following steps:
s1, forest land selection: selecting a loam section with deep soil layer, fertile soil, moist soil and good drainage under the altitude of 1000 m;
s2, land preparation and forestation:
s2.1, afforestation is carried out on the harvest site update and the fire site update by adopting a mixed mode;
s2.2, precious forestation is carried out on the low-quality and low-efficiency forests;
s2.3, precious tree species supplementing and forestation are carried out on the artificial commodity forest;
s2.4, landscaping precious forestation is carried out on the public welfare forests;
s2.5, landscape precious forestation is carried out on the ecological corridor and the nodes of the ecological corridor;
s3, forest tending: the soil loosening and weeding are carried out for 1 time in the current year after afforestation, and the cultivation is carried out once every year after 5 years of forest stand growth;
s4, fertilizer and water management:
s4.1, applying additional fertilizer: during the 2-10 years of forest stand, 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each year, the weed and grass around the seedlings are removed before fertilization, and the fertilization amount is increased along with the increase of the age of the tree;
s4.2, surface coverage: covering the peripheral surface of the trunk of the sapling with a covering, and covering the trunk with a coverage area of 1m 2 Above, 10cm close to the trunk is uncovered;
s5, dry-shape cultivation: the forest stand is cultivated in a dry form in early winter or early spring every year when 1-8 years of life takes place;
s6, intermediate and main cutting: the large diameter material is cultivated, 20% of the number of the m-valve plants can be respectively formed in 10 years, 15 years and 20 years, and main cutting can be performed in 40-50 years.
Further, the forestation method in step S2.2 is to set forestation holes and to cultivate land by hole, to set forestation holes according to plant spacing of 3m and to clear the periphery of the holes by 1m 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 The depth is 20cm, and then pit digging forestation is carried out; standard seedlings are selected for forestation, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm.
Further, the forestation method in the step S2.3 is to implement high-strength selective cutting on the artificial commodity forests, and the residual rate of the artificial commodity forests is 450-750 plants/hm after the selective cutting 2 Then setting forestation holes, setting planting holes according to the principle that the distance between target trees is more than 3m, and removing 1m of the periphery of the holes 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 Digging suitable pit forestation with depth of 20 cm; standard seedlings are selected for forestation, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m and the ground diameter is required to be 0.8cmThe above.
Further, the forestation method in the step S2.4 is to select proper land to plant red skin cyclobalanopsis glauca, and the forestation method is carried out on the basis of carrying out light transmission tending, ecological thinning, sanitary thinning and landscape thinning on public welfare forests; selecting a small forest window, setting afforestation holes in the small forest window, and setting 225/hm 2 About, the area of the weed vine for removing the weed wood and the weed vine around the forestation hole is 1m 2 The arbor around the forestation hole which may affect the growth of cyclobalanopsis glauca should be removed; and (3) selecting standard seedlings with soil balls or large container seedlings to be planted in forestation holes, wherein the height of the seedlings is more than 3m, and the breast diameter is more than 4 cm.
Further, the forestation method in the step S2.5 is to plant the red skin cyclobalanopsis glauca in a ecological corridor and a node area thereof, the plant spacing is set according to 4-6 m, and the red skin cyclobalanopsis glauca is planted by digging holes; selecting standard seedling with soil ball or large container seedling, and requiring seedling height above 3m and chest diameter above 4 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this scheme:
the scheme can improve the efficiency and survival rate of forestation according to local conditions, and also improve the growth speed of the volume of timber.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments:
examples
A method for manually blending and operating the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca comprises the following steps:
s1, forest land selection: it is preferable to select a loam section with deep soil layer, fertile soil, moist soil and good drainage under the altitude of 1000 m.
S2, land preparation and forestation:
s2.1, afforestation is carried out on the harvest site update and the fire site update by adopting a mixed mode: comprises the steps of cutting land updating and fire land updating, the land preparation is carried out by adopting reclamation or hole reclamation in autumn and winter, and the digging holes are 50 multiplied by 40cm. Standard seedling forestation is selected, and the height of the seedling is required to be more than 0.8m, and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm; the mixed and crossed mode is strip or block, and the mixed and crossed tree species include pistacia chinensis, quercus acutissima, cyclobalanopsis glauca, toona sinensis, phoebe bournei, zelkova macrophylla, etc. The initial implant densities are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Density meter for cyclobalanopsis glauca forestation
S2.2, precious forestation is carried out on low-quality and low-efficiency forests: firstly, forestation holes are arranged, the forestation holes are arranged at intervals of about 3m, and the periphery of the holes is cleared by 1m 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 The depth is 20cm, and then a proper hole-planted forest (the original target tree species in the forest should be reserved) is dug; secondly, standard seedlings are selected, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m, and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm.
S2.3, precious tree species are planted in the artificial commodity forest in a supplementing mode to make the forest: high-strength selective cutting is required to be carried out on the artificial commodity forest, and 450-750 plants/hm are reserved after the selective cutting 2 Firstly, setting forestation holes, setting planting holes according to the principle that the distance between target trees (including reserved trees) is more than 3m, and cleaning the periphery of the holes by 1m 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 Digging suitable pit forestation with depth of 20 cm; secondly, standard seedlings are selected, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m, and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm.
S2.4, landscaping precious forestation is carried out on the public welfare forests: the method is characterized in that a technical mode of conducting landscape precious transformation on proper plots by using cyclobalanopsis glauca is selected, and the method is performed on the basis of conducting light transmission tending, ecological thinning, sanitary thinning and landscape thinning on public welfare forests. Firstly, selecting a small forest window, setting forestation holes in the small forest window, and setting 225/hm 2 About, the area of the weed vine for removing the weed wood and the weed vine around the forestation hole is 1m 2 The arbor (non-target tree species) which may influence the growth of cyclobalanopsis glauca around the forestation hole should be removed; secondly, selecting standard seedlings with soil balls or large container seedlings to be planted in forestation holes, wherein the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 3m, and the diameter of the chest is required to be more than 4 cm. The large seedling is planted with a support to prevent wind from falling down.
S2.5, landscape precious forestation is carried out on the ecological corridor and nodes of the ecological corridor: including water-based forest networks, road forest networks, mountain systems, and "four-side" areas. The cyclobalanopsis glauca is a better ecological corridor and a node landscape thereof is precious to change tree species. Firstly, setting plant spacing according to 4-6 m, digging proper holes for planting cyclocarya paliurus; secondly, standard seedlings with soil balls or large container seedlings are selected, the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 3m, the diameter of the chest is required to be more than 4cm, and a bracket is required to be set for planting the large seedlings to prevent wind and fall.
The main mixed tree species are used in the mixed afforestation: soapberry, oak, pistacia chinensis, cyclobalanopsis glauca, toona sinensis, phoebe bournei, winged wood, betula luminifera, fir wood, masson pine or pinus massoniana.
S3, forest tending: the soil loosening and weeding are preferably carried out for 1 time in the current year after forestation, preferably for 8-9 months, and are carried out for 2 times per year in the 2 nd to 5 th years, preferably for 5 months and 9 months. After 5 years of forest stand, the cultivation is carried out once a year.
S4, fertilizer and water management:
s4.1, applying additional fertilizer: during the 2-10 years of forest stand, 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each year, and the mixed grass around the seedlings is removed before the fertilizer application, which is generally combined with the soil loosening and weeding, is suitable for the fertilizer application before the spring rain, and the fertilizer application amount increases with the increase of the tree age. The fertilizing method generally adopts a ditch applying method, namely digging an annular ditch along the outer side of a vertical projection line of a tree crown for applying, and uniformly applying fertilizer to the fertilizing ditch with the ditch width of 20cm and the ditch depth of 25cm, and then covering soil.
S4.2, surface coverage: the surface covering is composed of chaff, sawdust, weed, rattan, black agricultural film, etc., and if the covering is used to cover the peripheral surface of trunk of young tree, the trunk is used as center, and the covering area is 1m 2 The thickness of the covering is more than 8cm, the thickness of the chaff and sawdust is more than 5cm, and the covering is not covered when the covering is 10cm near the trunk. If the plant is covered by a black agricultural film, the weed impurity in the covered area is cut off before the plant is covered, and the coverage area is 1m 2 The tree trunks are not covered by 10cm, the agricultural film is paved, and the moisture preservation and grass suppression are compacted around the agricultural film.
S5, dry-shape cultivation: the forest stand is cultivated in a dry form in early winter or early spring every year when 1-8 years of life takes place; cutting off vigorous lateral branches and secondary top shoots, and thinning off excessive lateral branches. And wiping off the germinated buds which are not lignified.
S6, intermediate and main cutting: the large diameter material is cultivated, about 20% of the original plant number can be cut in the 10 years, 15 years and 20 years of growth, the ratio can maximize the benefit, the main cut is carried out in the 40-50 years of growth, and the new forestation is carried out in time after the main cut.
By the forestation technology of the embodiment, the survival rate of forestation is improved by about 30 percent compared with that of the conventional forestation technology.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and the details of construction and/or the general knowledge of the structures and/or characteristics of the present invention as it is known in the art will not be described in any detail herein. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for operating the artificial mixed forest and the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, forest land selection: selecting a loam section with deep soil layer, fertile soil, moist soil and good drainage under the altitude of 1000 m;
s2, land preparation and forestation:
s2.1, afforestation is carried out on the harvest site update and the fire site update by adopting a mixed mode;
s2.2, precious forestation is carried out on the low-quality and low-efficiency forests;
s2.3, precious tree species supplementing and forestation are carried out on the artificial commodity forest;
s2.4, landscaping precious forestation is carried out on the public welfare forests;
s2.5, landscape precious forestation is carried out on the ecological corridor and the nodes of the ecological corridor;
s3, forest tending: the soil loosening and weeding are carried out for 1 time in the current year after afforestation, and the cultivation is carried out once every year after 5 years of forest stand growth;
s4, fertilizer and water management:
s4.1, applying additional fertilizer: during the 2-10 years of forest stand, 0.1-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each year, the weed and grass around the seedlings are removed before fertilization, and the fertilization amount is increased along with the increase of the age of the tree;
s4.2, surface coverage: covering the peripheral surface of the trunk of the sapling with a covering, and covering the trunk with a coverage area of 1m 2 Above, 10cm close to the trunk is uncovered;
s5, dry-shape cultivation: the forest stand is cultivated in a dry form in early winter or early spring every year when 1-8 years of life takes place;
s6, intermediate and main cutting: the large diameter material is cultivated, 20% of the number of the m-valve plants can be respectively formed in 10 years, 15 years and 20 years, and main cutting can be performed in 40-50 years.
2. The method for operating the artificial mixing forest and the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the forestation method in the step S2.2 is to set forestation holes and to cultivate land preparation, set forestation holes according to the plant spacing of 3m and clear the periphery of the holes by 1m 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 The depth is 20cm, and then pit digging forestation is carried out; standard seedlings are selected for forestation, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm.
3. The method for operating the artificial mixing forest and the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the forestation method in the step S2.3 is to implement high-strength selective cutting on the artificial commodity forests, and the residual rate of the artificial commodity forests is 450-750 plants/hm after the selective cutting 2 Then setting forestation holes, setting planting holes according to the principle that the distance between target trees is more than 3m, and removing 1m of the periphery of the holes 2 The weed and the rattan are irrigated and cultivated, and the cultivation area is 1m 2 Digging suitable pit forestation with depth of 20 cm; standard seedlings are selected for forestation, and the height of the seedlings is required to be more than 0.8m and the ground diameter is required to be more than 0.8 cm.
4. The method for operating the artificial mixing forest and the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the forestation method in the step S2.4 is to select proper land to plant red skin cyclobalanopsis glauca, and the forestation is carried out on the basis of carrying out light transmission tending, ecological thinning, sanitary thinning and landscape thinning on public welfare forests; selecting a small forest window, setting afforestation holes in the small forest window, and setting 225/hm 2 Left and right, remove and makeWeed and rattan area of the weed and rattan irrigation around the forest hole is 1m 2 The arbor around the forestation hole which may affect the growth of cyclobalanopsis glauca should be removed; and (3) selecting standard seedlings with soil balls or large container seedlings to be planted in forestation holes, wherein the height of the seedlings is more than 3m, and the breast diameter is more than 4 cm.
5. The method for operating the artificial mixing forest and the intermediate cut of cyclobalanopsis glauca according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the forestation method in the step S2.5 is to plant the cyclocarya paliurus in ecological corridor and node area thereof, the plant spacing is set according to 4-6 m, and the cyclocarya paliurus is planted by digging holes; selecting standard seedling with soil ball or large container seedling, and requiring seedling height above 3m and chest diameter above 4 cm.
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