CN112868514A - Method for compounding cut flowers of butterfly orchid - Google Patents
Method for compounding cut flowers of butterfly orchid Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868514A CN112868514A CN202110028617.4A CN202110028617A CN112868514A CN 112868514 A CN112868514 A CN 112868514A CN 202110028617 A CN202110028617 A CN 202110028617A CN 112868514 A CN112868514 A CN 112868514A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 240000002292 Psychopsis papilio Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 241001505935 Phalaenopsis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 244000127818 Phalaenopsis amabilis Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001453636 Salvinia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009661 flower growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for doubling cut-flower production of phalaenopsis in the technical field of cut-flower production of phalaenopsis, and the seedling production stage only needs 12 months under the technical condition of the invention, so that the seedling production stage is shortened by 6 months, and the seedling production efficiency is improved; the number of seedlings obtained by the technology is 110 seedlings per square year, so that the number of mature seedlings obtained in unit greenhouse area is increased by 2.67 times, and the yield is improved; under the prior art condition, the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 15-16 months, while the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 12 months under the technical condition of the invention, so that the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is shortened by 3-4 months, the two-time flower forcing efficiency is improved, and the production cost is favorably reduced; through the prior art, the number of the cut flowers in the two flower forcing stages is 1.5, and through the technical scheme of the invention, the number of the cut flowers in the two flower forcing stages is 2, so that the yield of the cut flowers is increased, and the production profit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cut butterfly orchid flower production, in particular to a method for compounding cut butterfly orchid flowers.
Background
The phalaenopsis is of phalaenopsis of orchidaceae, native to subtropical rainforest region, and is epiphytic orchid. In the prior art, the production of the cut flower of the phalaenopsis comprises four stages of seedling production, first flower forcing and harvesting, seedling rejuvenation, second flower restoration and harvesting.
The first stage has long seedling production process. The phalaenopsis amabilis tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to a greenhouse and grow along with the seedlings, the phalaenopsis amabilis tissue culture seedlings are divided into three sub-processes of 1.5 inches, 2.5 inches and 3.5 inches according to the specification of a culture nutrition cup, and the whole growth stage needs 18 months. The second stage is the first flower forcing production. Firstly, selecting mature 3.5 inches seedlings with more than 5 mature leaves and full and active root systems, and entering a cold room for flower forcing. The daily temperature is not higher than 25 ℃, the night temperature is 17-18 ℃, and the period of 4 sub-processes of flower bud differentiation, flower stalk growth, bud period and flowering is about 6.5-7 months. 8 flowers are planted on the one flower stalk, and when the 8 flowers are completely opened and the diameter of the flowers is more than 10cm, the cut flowers can enter the last stage for harvesting and selling. The whole harvesting process of the first cut flower is about 23.5 months to 25 months. Because the production period of the butterfly orchid seedlings is long, in order to improve the utilization rate of the seedlings and reduce the production cost, flower forcing production is generally carried out for more than 2 times on a mature seedling of 3.5 inches. In order to ensure the quality and commodity rate, rejuvenation production is generally carried out for more than 2 months according to the conditions of seedling plants after first flower cutting until 2 complete leaves grow out from the seedling plants, old leaves are healthy and have no diseases, the total number of the leaves is more than 5 mature leaves, the root systems are strong and active, and the culture medium is in a good state. The seedling plants meeting the above standard can be subjected to secondary flower restoration production. The production time of the two flower forcing operations is 15-16 months. Namely, 1.5 cut flowers can be produced in the flower forcing stage every year.
However, according to the existing technical scheme, 18 months are needed for obtaining seedlings capable of promoting flower growth, 15-16 months are needed for completing flower growth twice, and the total production process reaches 33-34 months. Long production time, low greenhouse turnover rate and high production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the high light treatment is carried out in the last month of seedling production, the illumination intensity is improved by 20%, the cut flower production period of the butterfly orchid is shortened, the cut flower cost is reduced, and the output rate of the butterfly orchid is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for producing a compound flower by cutting a butterfly orchid comprises the following three steps:
(1) seedling production: firstly, treating a cultivation medium, wrapping the stem of the seedling with the treated cultivation medium, and planting the seedling into a transparent nutrition cup with a corresponding size, wherein the height of the cultivation medium is below a waterline; controlling the conditions of illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water;
(2) and (3) continuously forcing the flowers for two times: before flower forcing, respectively screening out seedlings meeting flower forcing standards, and then controlling illumination, temperature, humidity and water and fertilizer conditions to carry out flower forcing operation on the seedlings;
(3) harvesting and packaging: shearing the flowers with scissors, performing quality inspection and grading treatment after the flowers are sheared, and boxing the treated cut flowers according to requirements.
Preferably, the method for preparing the compound flower of the butterfly orchid cut flower comprises the following steps of 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production, wherein the method for treating the culture medium during 1.7 inch seedling production and 3.0 inch seedling production is the same; the culture medium is water moss, and the treatment method comprises soaking water moss in 75-85 deg.C hot water for 25-35min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dewatering.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the cut flower of the butterfly orchid, when 1.7 inches of seedlings are produced in the first step of seedling production, the transplanting standard of bottle seedlings is that the root of each seedling is 2-3, the standard leaves are more than 4, and the maximum leaf width is more than 5 cm.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the cut flower of the butterfly orchid, when 3.0 inches of seedlings are produced in the first step of seedling production, the standard that 1.7 inches of seedlings are mature and potted is that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 2-3 standard root systems, wherein the number of standard leaves is more than 4, and the maximum leaf width range is 14-16 cm; the heart leaves are more than half of the leaves below the heart leaves.
Preferably, the method for preparing the cut flower of the butterfly orchid comprises the steps of firstly, preparing 1.7 inches of seedlings and preparing 3.0 inches of seedlings at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 75-85%;
the illumination condition for the 1.7-inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 4000-; the illumination condition for 3.0 inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 6000-;
the fertilizer water for 1.7-inch seedling production is applied by spraying, sprinkling or watering after being cultivated in a bottle for about one month in the rooting period, the fertilizer is mainly prepared by diluting 2800-3200 times flowers with N: P: K: 9:45:15, or is supplemented by B1 and seaweed fine spraying; in the growth period, flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 30:10:10 or the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20 are mostly used as main materials, diluted 3000 times and poured or sprayed, or B1, seaweed essence, calcium magnesium and trace fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials for spraying; the fertilizer water for 3.0 inch seedling production is applied one month after pot replacement in the rooting period, the seedling is sprayed, sprinkled and watered, the fertilizer is mainly used for the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9 to 45 to 15, diluted by 2800 and 3200 times, or assisted by B1 and seaweed fine spray; the amount of watering in the rooting period is water of the culture medium 1/3; the growth period mainly comprises more flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 30:10:10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20, the flowers are diluted 2800 times and 3200 times and are used alternately, the watering degree is 1/2 times of the culture medium, or B1 and fine seaweed spray are used as auxiliary materials; or more flowers are used in the growth period, wherein the flowers are N, P, K and N are 10, 30, 20 and 15, 20 and 25 respectively, and calcium, magnesium and trace fertilizers are supplemented.
Preferably, in the method for producing the cut butterfly orchid flowers, the screening standards of the flower forcing seedlings in the two times of continuous flower forcing in the step two are that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus or variation; 3-5 standard root systems and 6-7 standard leaves, and the maximum leaf width range is 23-25 cm.
Preferably, in the method for producing the cut butterfly orchid, the illumination intensity of the first time flower forcing and the second time flower forcing in the two times of continuous flower forcing is 10000-; the temperature is 24-26 ℃ in daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; the humidity condition is that the humidity is 75-85% before flowering and 60-80% after flowering;
the fertilizer and water conditions of the first flower forcing are that the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9:45:15 are mostly diluted and irrigated before the stalks are seen, the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 10:30:20, the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20 and the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 15:20:25 are mostly diluted by 2800 and 3200 times and used alternately after the stalks are seen;
the fertilizer and water conditions of the second flower forcing are that 2200 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for continuous use for 3 times before the stalks are seen, most of the flowers with N: P: K: 10:30:20, N: P: K: 20:20, N: P: K: 15:20:25 are used as the main parts after the stalks are seen, and the flowers are used alternately after 2800 times of baking; adding slow release fertilizer when stem is 14-16cm high, adding 9-11 granules per seedling, and spraying with B1, seaweed essence, calcium magnesium, and microelement fertilizer.
Preferably, as for the method for restoring the cut flowers in the production of the butterfly orchid, two flower shearing methods are adopted in the third step of harvesting and packaging, the first flower shearing method is that 2cm of cut stems are reserved at the bases of the stems, and a second stem is differentiated from axillary buds at the other part of the stem of the plant during the second flower forcing; the second method is to cut the peduncle at 2 nodes upward on the base of the peduncle, and to differentiate again to grow the peduncle at the bud point on the node near the cut during the second forcing.
Preferably, in the method for recovering cut flowers in production of butterfly orchid, the post-harvest treatment in the step three of harvesting and packaging is that the cut flowers are cut, graded by quality inspection and then put into a room at the temperature of 16-20 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 5-7 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the prior art, the seedling production stage needs 18 months, but the seedling production stage only needs 12 months under the technical conditions of the invention, so that the seedling production stage is shortened by 6 months, and the seedling production efficiency is improved.
2. By the prior art, the number of seedlings obtained in a unit greenhouse area is 30 seedlings per square per year, while the number of seedlings obtained in the unit greenhouse area is 110 seedlings per square per year, so that the number of mature seedlings obtained in the unit greenhouse area is increased by 2.67 times, and the yield is improved.
3. Under the prior art condition, the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 15-16 months, while the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is 12 months under the technical condition of the invention, so that the time length of the two-time flower forcing production is shortened by 3-4 months, the two-time flower forcing efficiency is improved, and the production cost is favorably reduced.
4. Through the prior art, the number of the cut flowers in the two flower forcing stages is 1.5, and through the technical scheme of the invention, the number of the cut flowers in the two flower forcing stages is 2, so that the yield of the cut flowers is increased, and the production profit is improved.
Detailed Description
Example one
A method for producing a compound flower from a cut flower of phalaenopsis comprises the following five steps:
(1)1.7 inch seedling production;
(2)3.0 inch seedling production;
(3) continuously forcing the flowers for two times;
(4) harvesting and packaging;
(5) and (4) storing and transporting.
Step one, 1.7 inch seedling production comprises the following steps:
1) bottle seedling transplanting standard: the number of standard root systems of the seedlings is 3, the number of standard leaves is 4, and the maximum leaf width is 6 cm;
2) the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) treatment of a cultivation medium: soaking the water moss in 80 deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping stem of the seedling with moss, and planting in 1.7 inch transparent nutrition cup with medium height below waterline;
3) the cultivation conditions are as follows:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity 1-4 weeks before cultivation is 5000 Lux; the seedling of the seedling is mature in the 5 th to 24 th week of cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7000 Lux;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80 percent;
D. fertilizing water: the fertilizer is mainly used after being diluted 3000 times, most flowers with N, P, K and 9, 45 and 15 are taken as main fertilizers; most of the flowers in the growth period are N, P and K which are 30, 10 and 10, and the flowers are irrigated or sprayed after being diluted 3000 times.
Step two, 3.0 inch seedling production comprises:
1) and (3) the standard of changing the pot of 1.7-inch mature seedlings is as follows: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; the number of standard root systems is 3, the number of standard leaves is 5, and the maximum leaf width is 15 cm; the heart leaves exceed half of the leaves below the heart leaves;
2) the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) treatment of a cultivation medium: soaking the water moss in 80 deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping stem of the seedling with moss, and planting in a 3.0 inch transparent nutrition cup with the medium height below waterline;
3) the cultivation conditions are as follows:
A. illumination: after changing the pots in the 25 th week, the illumination intensity is 7000 Lux; the illumination intensity in 26-28 weeks of cultivation is 10000 Lux; the seedling plant of the seedling is mature in 29-44 weeks of cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 15000 Lux; the illumination intensity is 20000Lux when the ripening is promoted at the 45 th to 48 th weeks;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80 percent;
D. fertilizing water: spraying, watering and watering the seedlings after one month after the pot replacement in the rooting period, wherein the fertilizer is mainly diluted 3000 times by using most flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9 to 45 to 15; 1/3 water is poured if watering is needed in the rooting period; the flowers in the growth period are mostly diluted 3000 times and used alternately, and the watering degree is 1/2 of the medium.
The flower forcing for the first time in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) forcing flower seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems are provided, 6 standard leaves are provided, and the maximum leaf width is 24 cm;
2) the first flower forcing production conditions are as follows:
A. the illumination intensity is as follows: 12000 Lux;
B. temperature: the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, and the temperature at night is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: the humidity before flowering is 80%, and the humidity after flowering is 70%;
D. fertilizing water: the flower is watered after being diluted by more flowers with the weight of N, P, K and K being 9:45:15 before the peduncle is seen, and the flowers with the weight of N, P, K and K being 10:30:20, N, P, K, 20:20 and N, P, K, 15:20:25 are mostly used as the main flowers after the peduncle is seen, and the flowers are diluted by 3000 times and then used in turn.
The flower forcing for the first time in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) forcing flower seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum blade width is 24 cm;
2) the first flower forcing production conditions are as follows:
A. the illumination intensity is as follows: 12000 Lux;
B. temperature: the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, and the temperature at night is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: humidity before flowering is 80%. 70% after flowering;
D. fertilizing water: diluting with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2000 times before stem formation, continuously using for 3 times, diluting 3000 times, and alternately using for most flowers after stem formation, wherein the flowers are mainly N: P: K: 10:30:20, N: P: K: 20:20, and N: P: K: 15:20: 25; adding slow release fertilizer about 15cm high, 10 granules per seedling, and spraying with B1, seaweed extract, calcium magnesium, and microelement fertilizer.
The fourth step of harvesting and packaging comprises:
1) harvesting:
A. cutting the flower: 2cm of cut stems are reserved at the bases of the flower stems, and second flower stems are differentiated at the axillary bud points of the other leaves of the stems of the plants during second flower forcing;
B. postharvest treatment: the cut flowers are put into a room with the temperature of 18 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 6 hours after quality inspection and grading;
2) packaging: the treated cut flowers are distinguished by the number of the flowers according to the requirement of an order, and 10 flowers are packed in each box.
The fifth step of storage and transportation comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) storage: the packed cut flowers are immediately pushed into a refrigerator at 15 ℃ according to the serial number and stored until the cut flowers are loaded before loading; the storage time is not more than 30 days;
2) and (3) transportation: the butterfly orchid cut flower is transported by adopting a whole cold chain, and the temperature is set to be 18 ℃.
Example two
A method for producing a compound flower from a cut flower of phalaenopsis comprises the following five steps:
(1)1.7 inch seedling production;
(2)3.0 inch seedling production;
(3) continuously forcing the flowers for two times;
(4) harvesting and packaging;
(5) and (4) storing and transporting.
Step one, 1.7 inch seedling production comprises the following steps:
1) bottle seedling transplanting standard: the number of standard root systems of the seedlings is 3, the number of standard leaves is 4, and the maximum leaf width is 6 cm;
2) the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) treatment of a cultivation medium: soaking the water moss in 80 deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping stem of the seedling with moss, and planting in 1.7 inch transparent nutrition cup with medium height below waterline;
3) the cultivation conditions are as follows:
A. illumination: the illumination intensity 1-4 weeks before cultivation is 5000 Lux; the seedling of the seedling is mature in the 5 th to 24 th week of cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7000 Lux;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80 percent;
D. fertilizing water: the fertilizer is mainly used after being diluted 3000 times, most flowers with N, P, K and 9, 45 and 15 are taken as main fertilizers; most of the flowers in the growth period are N, P and K which are 30, 10 and 10, and the flowers are irrigated or sprayed after being diluted 3000 times.
Step two, 3.0 inch seedling production comprises:
1) and (3) the standard of changing the pot of 1.7-inch mature seedlings is as follows: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; the number of standard root systems is 3, the number of standard leaves is 5, and the maximum leaf width is 15 cm; the heart leaves exceed half of the leaves below the heart leaves;
2) the planting method comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) treatment of a cultivation medium: soaking the water moss in 80 deg.C hot water for 30min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dehydrating;
B. planting: wrapping stem of the seedling with moss, and planting in a 3.0 inch transparent nutrition cup with the medium height below waterline;
3) the cultivation conditions are as follows:
A. illumination: after changing the pots in the 25 th week, the illumination intensity is 7000 Lux; the illumination intensity in 26-28 weeks of cultivation is 10000 Lux; the seedling plant of the seedling is mature in 29-44 weeks of cultivation, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 15000 Lux; the illumination intensity is 20000Lux when the ripening is promoted at the 45 th to 48 th weeks;
B. temperature: 27 ℃;
C. humidity: 80 percent;
D. fertilizing water: spraying, watering and watering the seedlings after one month after the pot replacement in the rooting period, wherein the fertilizer is mainly diluted 3000 times by using most flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9 to 45 to 15; 1/3 water is poured if watering is needed in the rooting period; the flowers in the growth period are mostly diluted 3000 times and used alternately, and the watering degree is 1/2 of the medium.
The flower forcing for the first time in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) forcing flower seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems are provided, 6 standard leaves are provided, and the maximum leaf width is 24 cm;
2) the first flower forcing production conditions are as follows:
A. the illumination intensity is as follows: 12000 Lux;
B. temperature: the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, and the temperature at night is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: the humidity before flowering is 80%, and the humidity after flowering is 70%;
D. fertilizing water: the flower is watered after being diluted by more flowers with the weight of N, P, K and K being 9:45:15 before the peduncle is seen, and the flowers with the weight of N, P, K and K being 10:30:20, N, P, K, 20:20 and N, P, K, 15:20:25 are mostly used as the main flowers after the peduncle is seen, and the flowers are diluted by 3000 times and then used in turn.
The flower forcing for the first time in the three-time continuous flower forcing comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) forcing flower seedling screening standard: the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus and variation; 5 standard root systems and 6 standard blades, wherein the maximum blade width is 24 cm;
2) the first flower forcing production conditions are as follows:
A. the illumination intensity is as follows: 12000 Lux;
B. temperature: the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, and the temperature at night is 18 ℃;
C. humidity: humidity before flowering is 80%. 70% after flowering;
D. fertilizing water: diluting with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2000 times before stem formation, continuously using for 3 times, diluting 3000 times, and alternately using for most flowers after stem formation, wherein the flowers are mainly N: P: K: 10:30:20, N: P: K: 20:20, and N: P: K: 15:20: 25; adding slow release fertilizer about 15cm high, 10 granules per seedling, and spraying with B1, seaweed extract, calcium magnesium, and microelement fertilizer.
The fourth step of harvesting and packaging comprises:
1) harvesting:
A. cutting the flower: 2 nodes are reserved upwards at the base part of the pedicel for cutting the pedicel, and the bud points on the nodes close to the cut are re-differentiated to grow the pedicel, so that the method does not occupy the bud points on the stem of the plant, and the secondary flower forcing time is correspondingly shortened;
B. postharvest treatment: the cut flowers are put into a room with the temperature of 18 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 6 hours after quality inspection and grading;
2) packaging: the treated cut flowers are distinguished by the number of the flowers according to the requirement of an order, and 10 flowers are packed in each box.
The fifth step of storage and transportation comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) storage: the packed cut flowers are immediately pushed into a refrigerator at 15 ℃ according to the serial number and stored until the cut flowers are loaded before loading; the storage time is not more than 30 days;
2) and (3) transportation: the butterfly orchid cut flower is transported by adopting a whole cold chain, and the temperature is set to be 18 ℃.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a compound flower from a butterfly orchid cut flower is characterized by comprising the following three steps:
(1) seedling production: firstly, treating a cultivation medium, wrapping the stem of the seedling with the treated cultivation medium, and planting the seedling into a transparent nutrition cup with a corresponding size, wherein the height of the cultivation medium is below a waterline; controlling the conditions of illumination, temperature, humidity and fertilizer water;
(2) and (3) continuously forcing the flowers for two times: before flower forcing, respectively screening out seedlings meeting flower forcing standards, and then controlling illumination, temperature, humidity and water and fertilizer conditions to carry out flower forcing operation on the seedlings;
(3) harvesting and packaging: shearing the flowers with scissors, performing quality inspection and grading treatment after the flowers are sheared, and boxing the treated cut flowers according to requirements.
2. The method for restoring flower growth in butterfly orchid cut flower production according to claim 1, wherein the first seedling production step comprises 1.7-inch seedling production and 3.0-inch seedling production, and the method for treating the culture medium in the 1.7-inch seedling production and the 3.0-inch seedling production is the same; the culture medium is water moss, and the treatment method comprises soaking water moss in 75-85 deg.C hot water for 25-35min, washing with clear water, cooling, and dewatering.
3. The method for repotting the cut flower of the butterfly orchid in the step of production of the 1.7-inch seedlings in the first-step production of the seedlings, wherein the transplanting standard of the bottle seedlings is that the roots of the seedlings are 2-3, the standard leaves are more than 4, and the maximum leaf width is more than 5 cm.
4. The method for duplicating cut flower of butterfly orchid of claim 2, wherein in the first step of seedling production, when 3.0 inches of seedlings are produced, the standard of changing the mature seedlings into the pot of 1.7 inches of seedlings is that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus or variation; 2-3 standard root systems, wherein the number of standard leaves is more than 4, and the maximum leaf width range is 14-16 cm; the heart leaves are more than half of the leaves below the heart leaves.
5. The method for recovering flowers in cut flower production of phalaenopsis according to claim 2, wherein the temperature conditions of the first 1.7-inch seedling production and the 3.0-inch seedling production are 25-30 ℃ and the humidity conditions are 75-85%;
the illumination condition for the 1.7-inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 4000-; the illumination condition for 3.0 inch seedling production is that the illumination intensity is 6000-;
the fertilizer water for 1.7-inch seedling production is applied by spraying, sprinkling or watering after being cultivated in a bottle for about one month in the rooting period, the fertilizer is mainly prepared by diluting 2800-3200 times flowers with N: P: K: 9:45:15, or is supplemented by B1 and seaweed fine spraying; in the growth period, flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 30:10:10 or the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20 are mostly used as main materials, diluted 3000 times and poured or sprayed, or B1, seaweed essence, calcium magnesium and trace fertilizer are used as auxiliary materials for spraying; the fertilizer water for 3.0 inch seedling production is applied one month after pot replacement in the rooting period, the seedling is sprayed, sprinkled and watered, the fertilizer is mainly used for the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9 to 45 to 15, diluted by 2800 and 3200 times, or assisted by B1 and seaweed fine spray; the amount of watering in the rooting period is water of the culture medium 1/3; the growth period mainly comprises more flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 30:10:10 and the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20, the flowers are diluted 2800 times and 3200 times and are used alternately, the watering degree is 1/2 times of the culture medium, or B1 and fine seaweed spray are used as auxiliary materials; or more flowers are used in the growth period, wherein the flowers are N, P, K and N are 10, 30, 20 and 15, 20 and 25 respectively, and calcium, magnesium and trace fertilizers are supplemented.
6. The method for repotting the cut flower of the butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the selection criteria of the flower forcing seedlings in the two times of continuous flower forcing are that the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests, the leaves are complete, and the leaves are clean and have no virus or variation; 3-5 standard root systems and 6-7 standard leaves, and the maximum leaf width range is 23-25 cm.
7. The method for flowering and refolding of a cut butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the illumination intensity of the first time flower forcing and the second time flower forcing in the two times of continuous flower forcing is 10000-15000 Lux; the temperature is 24-26 ℃ in daytime and 17-18 ℃ at night; the humidity condition is that the humidity is 75-85% before flowering and 60-80% after flowering;
the fertilizer and water conditions of the first flower forcing are that the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 9:45:15 are mostly diluted and irrigated before the stalks are seen, the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 10:30:20, the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 20:20:20 and the flowers with the ratio of N to P to K being 15:20:25 are mostly diluted by 2800 and 3200 times and used alternately after the stalks are seen;
the fertilizer and water conditions of the second flower forcing are that 2200 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for continuous use for 3 times before the stalks are seen, most of the flowers with N: P: K: 10:30:20, N: P: K: 20:20, N: P: K: 15:20:25 are used as the main parts after the stalks are seen, and the flowers are used alternately after 2800 times of baking; adding slow release fertilizer when stem is 14-16cm high, adding 9-11 granules per seedling, and spraying with B1, seaweed essence, calcium magnesium, and microelement fertilizer.
8. The method for restoring the flower of the cut flower of the butterfly orchid according to the claim 1, wherein the flower shearing method in the harvesting and packaging in the third step is two, the first flower shearing method is that 2cm of the cut stem is reserved at the base of the stem, and the second flower stem is differentiated from the axillary bud point at the other part of the stem of the plant during the second flower forcing; the second method is to cut the peduncle at 2 nodes upward on the base of the peduncle, and to differentiate again to grow the peduncle at the bud point on the node near the cut during the second forcing.
9. The method for recovering the flowers in the cut flowers production of the butterfly orchid according to claim 1, wherein the postharvest treatment in the harvesting and packaging in the third step is that the cut flowers are cut, graded by quality inspection and then placed in a room at the temperature of 16-20 ℃ for fumigation treatment for 5-7 hours.
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| CN101810097A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of flowering tree orchid in factory |
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- 2021-01-11 CN CN202110028617.4A patent/CN112868514B/en active Active
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| CN101810097A (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2010-08-25 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of flowering tree orchid in factory |
| CN105638208A (en) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-06-08 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Perpetual flower forcing method for butterfly orchid |
| CN109362545A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-02-22 | 广西生态工程职业技术学院 | A kind of iris tissue-cultured seedling florescence control method |
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