CN111837833B - Cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of pumpkin - Google Patents
Cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of pumpkin Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837833B CN111837833B CN202010851095.3A CN202010851095A CN111837833B CN 111837833 B CN111837833 B CN 111837833B CN 202010851095 A CN202010851095 A CN 202010851095A CN 111837833 B CN111837833 B CN 111837833B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
A cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of a pumpkin comprises the steps of variety selection, sowing and field planting, pumpkin seedling harvesting and post-harvest management, pumpkin flower harvesting and post-harvest management, auxiliary pollination, tender melon harvesting, fertilizer dressing, old melon harvesting, seed harvesting and airing; the cultivation method realizes that pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers, tender melons, old melons and seeds are harvested at different growth and development periods of the pumpkins after one-time cultivation, has the technical key points of strictly selecting varieties, adopting a multi-vine pruning mode and harvesting products in time, has important significance for improving the comprehensive utilization value of the pumpkins, meeting the requirements of people on vegetable type diversification and improving the income of planters, and can increase the income by more than 1200 yuan per mu compared with a production mode of taking the old melons as single harvested products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable production, in particular to a cultivation method which is suitable for harvesting different pumpkin products after one-time cultivation of pumpkin production in south regions.
Background
The pumpkin is a popular vegetable crop of Cucurbitaceae of Cucurbita, and is planted all over the country, whereinC.moschata D.) And pumpkin of Indian (C.maxima D.) The planting area is the largest. The pumpkin has wide application and various eating methods, tender stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds can be eaten, the quality of the aged pumpkin of the Indian pumpkin is much better than that of the pumpkin of China, but the resistance is poor, and the stems, leaves, flowers and seeds are not suitable for eating. In south China, the production mainly plants the honey pumpkin with long rod-shaped fruit shape, and the Chinese pumpkins with different fruit shapes such as millform, round, pear shape and the like in rural areasThe pumpkin is common, the planting area of the pumpkin accounts for more than 80% of the total area, the pumpkin is eaten in various ways, such as stir-frying pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flower fermented rice, pumpkin cakes, pumpkin steamed bread and the like become delicious dishes with unique regional characteristics, for example, the tender stems and leaves of the pumpkin are eaten before and after the clear-frying in Guangxi, the pumpkin flowers can be used for stir-frying or making soup, the effects of calming the liver and harmonizing the stomach and moistening the intestines are achieved, the pumpkin flowers can be used for making a brew or making soup, the tender pumpkin can be stir-fried or oil-braised, the old melon is stewed into porridge, steamed or fried pumpkin cakes, and the seeds can be eaten as raw or processed after being dried in the sun. In a word, the pumpkin is treasure, rich in nutrition and various in eating methods, and is an excellent food material closely related to the diet of people.
At present, the planting production of pumpkins mainly aims at harvesting old pumpkins, the purchase price is 0.5-0.6 yuan/jin, the income per mu is 1000 yuan and 1400 yuan, the planting enthusiasm of farmers is limited due to low planting income, and the rapid development of the industry is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of a pumpkin, which is used for harvesting pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers, tender pumpkins, old pumpkins and seeds at different growth and development periods of the pumpkin after one-time cultivation, so that the comprehensive utilization value of the pumpkin is improved while the requirement of people on food diversification is met, and the planting income is increased.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of pumpkin comprises the following cultivation steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a middle-late-maturing Chinese pumpkin variety with strong disease resistance, vigorous growth and low-temperature and weak light resistance, and meeting the requirements of pumpkin seedlings, meat and seeds; compared with the cultivation method taking the aged melon as a main product, the cultivation method has higher requirement on variety selection, needs to meet the production of stem, meat and seeds at the same time, and has higher requirements on the stem thickness, the flower organ size, the fruit quality, the seed size and the plumpness of the variety. The medium and late maturing pumpkin variety can be obtained by continuous 5-time spectral purification of pumpkin of local farmyard varieties in Fulutown of Hechi Dahua county and Showa county.
(2) Sowing and field planting: selecting seeds with the length of more than 1.5cm and full seeds, adopting a planting mode of seedling raising and field planting, saving the seed using amount and improving the seedling uniformity, wherein the sowing time of winter and spring stubbles is from 11 to 1 ten days in the middle of the month, the planting row distance is 1.0-1.2m, the row distance is 3.5-4.0 m, and the number of plants per mu is 170 plus plants; during field planting, the covering soil is higher than the seedling raising soil by more than 1.0cm, the planting depth of the overgrown seedlings is increased, root fixing water is thoroughly poured after field planting, and a small arched shed is covered on the winter and spring stubbles for cold protection and heat preservation; the cultivation method can prolong the growth period of the pumpkins and delay the time of the aged pumpkins to appear on the market, so that the early sowing is recommended for 15-20 days in each place on the basis of the original sowing time. The key points of promoting the growth of the pumpkins and increasing the yield value are timely sowing, proper planting density and pruning, the growth period of the pumpkins can be prolonged by adopting the method, so that the pumpkins are sowed 15-20 days earlier than the traditional old pumpkins, and meanwhile, the row spacing is reduced by properly increasing the plant spacing due to the adoption of the multi-vine pruning mode, and the yield is increased under the condition of ensuring that the number of the planted plants is equivalent.
(3) And (3) pumpkin seedling harvesting and post-harvest management: when the main vine grows to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the first time, the main vine is cut at the position 40-50cm away from the root, and the cut part is used for selling the pumpkin seedlings with the length standard of 1.0-1.2 m; when the lateral branches grow to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the second time; after each harvest, timely topdressing is carried out, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is properly increased, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, and the harvest times are determined according to the market price of pumpkin seedlings and the growth vigor of plants; after the lateral branches germinate again, selecting and reserving 4-5 robust lateral branches for fruit setting for each plant, and removing redundant lateral branches from the full base part; pressing tendrils when the lateral branches are 1m long to ensure that the lateral branches crawl in different directions, and pressing the tendrils for 1 time at intervals of 1-1.5m for 2-3 times; in order to improve the yield of the pumpkin seedlings, a multi-vine pruning method is adopted, 2-3 times of harvesting are carried out in the whole growth period, the main vine is harvested in the 1 st time, the lateral branches are harvested in the 2 nd time, and after harvesting, top dressing is carried out in time to remove the thin and weak branches and the redundant lateral branches; the standard for picking pumpkin seedlings is that the length of the seedlings is 1.0-1.2m, and the stem diameter is more than 10.0 mm.
(4) And (3) pumpkin flower harvesting and post-harvest management: picking up male flower buds in the afternoon before the male flowers completely bloom, picking off the male flowers from the base parts of flower stalks, spraying clear water for moisturizing after harvesting in time, or immersing the base parts of the flower stalks in clear water, placing the flower stalks in a cool and ventilated place, and processing and eating the male flowers after the male flowers normally bloom on day 2; in the full-bloom stage of the female flowers, male flowers are harvested according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower is reserved for every 2-3 female flowers, and the redundant male flowers can be harvested completely; the standard for picking pumpkin flowers is to prepare buds which are opened in the next day. It is recommended to harvest male flowers during the fruit setting period according to the opening amount of female flowers to provide sufficient pollen to ensure normal pollination and fruit setting. After the fruit is enlarged, all male flowers can be harvested.
(5) And (3) supplementary pollination: the supplementary pollination includes two kinds, namely artificial pollination and hormone treatment, when meeting continuous rainy weather, flowers are set in the afternoon of the day before the open of the female flowers and the male flowers, the male flowers are selected according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower corresponds to every 3-4 female flowers, and 7 morning of day 2: 00-11: 00 normal pollination; during hormone pollination, female melon embryos which are opened on the same day or the next day are sprayed by a small sprayer after being diluted to a proper multiple according to the use instruction of the pesticide, the pesticide is uniformly sprayed to prevent abnormal growth of fruits, and in order to solve the serious problem that the first female melon is changed into the first female melon due to the fact that the female flowers are opened earlier than the male flowers in the early spring period, the method comprises the following steps of 1: (10-15) sowing a batch of pumpkin seeds 10-15 days earlier in proportion, and using the pumpkin seeds as pollination plants to provide pollen to solve the problem of first-female flower melon formation of post-planted plants. The pumpkin has a plurality of reasons for pumpkin transformation, pollination and fertilization are one of the reasons, artificial supplementary pollination or hormone treatment is carried out, the fruit setting rate and the yield can be effectively improved, the effect is more obvious in early spring continuous rainy weather, and the patent provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin by adopting flower pollination and hormone pollination aiming at the problem that the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin is low in the south early spring continuous rainy low-temperature weather.
(6) Harvesting tender melons: picking tender melons 7-10 days after female flowers bloom, selecting 3-4 healthy fruits with regular shapes for harvesting aged melons or seed melons from each plant before picking the tender melons, and harvesting all the rest tender melons; when in collection, the stem and leaf are not damaged, the scratch of the tender melons is prevented, the melons are sleeved by using the net sleeves after collection, the damage of the tender melons is prevented, and the fruit stalks are trimmed to the shortest length; when picking, the rainy weather is avoided as much as possible, and the harvest in the sunny weather is selected to be beneficial to wound recovery and reduce germ infection. The pumpkin has long flowering period, the open time of female flowers of each plant is inconsistent, and the pumpkin is recommended to be picked every 10 days for 2-3 times; in order to reduce the influence of the harvest of the tender melons on the yield of old melons or seeds, it is recommended that each plant should reserve fruits in advance for the harvest of the old melons or the seed melons. The standard of the tender melon is 7-10 fruits after flowering, and the weight of each melon is 0.5-1.0 kg.
(7) Fertilizer dressing: and (3) topdressing the fertilizer after 70% of female flowers of the plants bloom, topdressing the high-potassium fertilizer with good water solubility, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-30 kg, the fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 1.5-2.0%, and the topdressing is carried out once every 7 days for 2-3 times.
(8) Harvesting old melons: the pumpkin fruits grow and develop for 30-40 days, and when the color of the peel is completely changed and the powdering is finished, the pumpkin fruits can be harvested; the pumpkin has long flowering period, the open time of female flowers of each plant is inconsistent, and the pumpkin is recommended to be picked every 10 days for 2-3 times; the standard for old melons is fully mature fruits 30-40 days after flowering.
(9) Seed harvesting and airing: picking aged melon, selecting rotten melon, disease and pest melon and dysplasia melon, placing indoors for after-ripening for 10-15 days to promote seed plump, then selecting melon to cut open and pick seeds on sunny days, cleaning the seeds, drying in the sun, reducing the water content of the seeds to below 8%, selecting shrunken seeds, unsatisfied seeds and malformed seeds, and storing in a low-temperature cool and dry place; the seed standard is that the seeds are full, the water content is lower than 8 percent, and the length is more than 1.5 cm.
In the pest control, the occurrence of pests of pumpkins is less in winter and spring, and the disease attack is less after the high-resistance variety is used, so that abuse and overuse of pesticides are avoided, and the pumpkin is pertinently used for controlling according to the actual occurrence condition of the pests. The main diseases comprise fungal diseases such as epidemic disease, downy mildew and powdery mildew, and low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides such as kresoxim-methyl, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl should be used early in the early period of onset of the diseases so as to ensure the health and safety of the product.
Preferably: the pumpkin seedlings are harvested in the afternoon of a sunny day, so that wound recovery is facilitated and germ infection is reduced.
Preferably: the collected pumpkin seedlings are sprayed with clear water in time to prevent wilting and placed in a shady and cool place.
Preferably: the old melon is covered by straw or canvas and placed in a shade place to prevent sun exposure and water loss.
The cultivation method for harvesting the pumpkin products at different parts has the advantages that:
the cultivation method for harvesting the products at different parts of the pumpkin collects pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers, tender melons, old melons and seeds at different growth and development periods of the pumpkin after one-time cultivation, can improve the comprehensive utilization value of the pumpkin, meet the diversified demands of people on pumpkin products, enrich the types of dishes on a dining table, and in addition, due to the variety of product types, the grower can selectively adjust the output of the product according to market conditions and requirements, if the price of the tender melon is high, more tender melons can be harvested, seeds can be produced when the price of the old melon is low, the selling means and the like are flexible and various, plays a positive role in improving the planting income, is particularly suitable for a cultivation mode developed in a mature area of a transportation convenient vegetable sale market around a large city, the technical key points are that the variety is strictly selected, a multi-vine pruning mode is adopted, and products are correctly and timely harvested, so that the income per mu is increased by more than 1200 yuan compared with a production mode that old melons are used as single products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison between before and after pruning for a plurality of vines, wherein part a is before pruning and part b is after pruning;
FIG. 2 is a field diagram of pumpkin seedling harvest;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the harvest of pumpkin flowers, part a is a diagram of the field harvest, and part b is a diagram of the commodity;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the harvest of the tender melon;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of harvest of mature melon;
fig. 6 is a graph of seed recovery versus product, with part a being a field plot of seed recovery and part b being a sun print.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
The cultivation and harvesting of different parts of pumpkin products can be finished by adopting the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a middle-late-maturing Chinese pumpkin variety with strong disease resistance, vigorous growth and low-temperature and weak light resistance, and meeting the requirements of pumpkin seedlings, meat and seeds; compared with the requirement of a cultivation method taking the mature melon as a main product on variety selection, the cultivation method disclosed by the patent has higher requirement on variety selection, needs to meet the production of stem, meat and seeds at the same time, and puts forward corresponding requirements on the stem thickness, the flower organ size, the fruit quality, the seed size and the plumpness of the variety.
(2) Sowing and field planting: selecting seeds with the length of more than 1.5cm and full seeds, adopting a planting mode of seedling raising and field planting, saving the seed using amount and improving the seedling uniformity, wherein the sowing time of winter and spring stubbles is from 11 to 1 ten days in the middle of the month, the planting row distance is 1.0-1.2m, the row distance is 3.5-4.0 m, and the number of plants per mu is 170 plus plants; during field planting, the covering soil is higher than the seedling raising soil by more than 1.0cm, the planting depth of the overgrown seedlings is increased, root fixing water is thoroughly poured after field planting, and a small arched shed is covered on the winter and spring stubbles for cold protection and heat preservation; the cultivation method can prolong the growth period of the pumpkins and delay the time of the aged pumpkins to appear on the market, so that the early sowing is recommended for 15-20 days in each place on the basis of the original sowing time.
(3) And (3) pumpkin seedling harvesting and post-harvest management: when the main vine grows to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the first time, the main vine is cut at the position 40-50cm away from the root, and the cut part is used for selling the pumpkin seedlings with the length standard of 1.0-1.2 m; when the lateral branches grow to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the second time; after each harvest, timely topdressing is carried out, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is properly increased, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, the harvest times are determined according to the market price of pumpkin seedlings and the growth vigor of plants, and 2-3 times are totally harvested; after the lateral branches germinate again, selecting and reserving 4-5 robust lateral branches for fruit setting for each plant, and removing redundant lateral branches from the full base part; pressing tendrils when the lateral branches are 1m long to ensure that the lateral branches crawl in different directions, and pressing the tendrils for 1 time at intervals of 1-1.5m for 2-3 times; in order to improve the yield of the pumpkin seedlings, a multi-vine pruning method is adopted, 2-3 times of harvesting are carried out in the whole growth period, the main vine is harvested in the 1 st time, the lateral branches are harvested in the 2 nd time, and after harvesting, top dressing is carried out in time to remove the delicate and redundant lateral branches.
(4) And (3) pumpkin flower harvesting and post-harvest management: picking up flower buds of the male flowers in the afternoon before the male flowers completely bloom, picking off the male flowers from the base parts of flower stalks, spraying clear water for moisturizing after harvesting in time, or immersing the base parts of the flower stalks in clear water, placing the flower stalks in a cool and ventilated place, selling the flower stalks after harvesting, and processing and eating the male flowers after the male flowers normally bloom the next day; and (3) in the full-bloom stage of the female flowers, collecting male flowers according to the number of the female flowers, reserving 1 male flower for providing pollen for every 2-3 female flowers, and collecting all redundant male flowers.
(5) And (3) supplementary pollination: the supplementary pollination includes two kinds, namely artificial pollination and hormone treatment, when meeting continuous rainy weather, flowers are set in the afternoon of the day before the open of the female flowers and the male flowers, the male flowers are selected according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower corresponds to every 3-4 female flowers, and 7 morning of day 2: 00-11: 00 normal pollination; during hormone pollination, the female melon embryos which are opened on the same day or the next day are sprayed by a small sprayer after being diluted to a proper multiple according to the use instruction of the pesticide, and the pesticide is uniformly sprayed to prevent abnormal growth of fruits; in order to solve the serious problem of first female flower melon formation caused by the fact that female flowers open earlier than male flowers in early spring, the method is required to be as follows: (10-15) sowing a batch of pumpkin seeds 10-15 days earlier in proportion, and using the pumpkin seeds as pollination plants to provide pollen to solve the problem of first-female flower melon formation of post-planted plants. The pumpkin has a plurality of reasons for pumpkin transformation, pollination and fertilization are one of the reasons, artificial supplementary pollination or hormone treatment is carried out, the fruit setting rate and the yield can be effectively improved, the effect is more obvious in early spring continuous rainy weather, and the patent provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin by adopting flower pollination and hormone pollination aiming at the problem that the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin is low in the south early spring continuous rainy low-temperature weather.
(6) Harvesting tender melons: picking tender melons 7-10 days after female flowers bloom, selecting 3-4 healthy fruits with regular shapes for harvesting aged melons or seed melons from each plant before picking the tender melons, and harvesting all the rest tender melons; when in collection, the stem and the leaves are not damaged, the scratch of the tender melons is prevented, the melons are sleeved with the net sleeves after collection, and the fruit stalks are trimmed to the shortest length; the picking process avoids the rainy weather as much as possible, which is beneficial to wound recovery and reduction of germ infection.
(7) Fertilizer dressing: and (3) topdressing the fertilizer after 70% of female flowers of the plants bloom, topdressing the high-potassium fertilizer with good water solubility, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-30 kg, the fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 1.5-2.0%, and the topdressing is carried out once every 7 days for 2-3 times.
(8) Harvesting old melons: the pumpkin fruits grow and develop for 30-40 days, and when the color of the peel is completely changed and the powdering is finished, the pumpkin fruits can be harvested; the pumpkin has long flowering phase, the open time of each female flower is inconsistent, and the pumpkin is recommended to be picked every 10 days for 2-3 times.
(9) Seed harvesting and airing: after the aged melon is harvested, selecting rotten melon, disease and pest melon and dysplasia melon, placing the melon indoors for after-ripening for 10-15 days to promote the seeds to be full, then selecting the melon to be cut open and taken in sunny days, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the sun, reducing the water content of the seeds to be below 8%, selecting the rotten seeds, the unsatisfied seeds and the malformed seeds, and storing the melon in a low-temperature cool and dry place.
Example 2
The cultivation and harvesting of different parts of pumpkin products can be finished by adopting the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a middle-late-maturing pumpkin variety, which is obtained by performing continuous 5-time pedigree purification on pumpkins of local farmyard varieties in Fulutown of Hechi Dahua county and Showa county.
(2) Sowing and field planting: selecting seeds with the length of more than 1.5cm and full seeds, adopting a planting mode of seedling raising and field planting, saving the seed using amount and improving the seedling uniformity, wherein the sowing time of winter and spring stubbles is from 11 to 1 ten days in the middle of the month, the planting row distance is 1.0-1.2m, the row distance is 3.5-4.0 m, and the number of plants per mu is 170 plus plants; during field planting, the covering soil is higher than the seedling raising soil by more than 1.0cm, the planting depth of the overgrown seedlings is increased, root fixing water is thoroughly poured after field planting, and a small arched shed is covered on the winter and spring stubbles for cold protection and heat preservation; the cultivation method can prolong the growth period of the pumpkins and delay the time of the aged pumpkins to appear on the market, so that the early sowing is recommended for 15-20 days in each place on the basis of the original sowing time.
(3) And (3) pumpkin seedling harvesting and post-harvest management: when the main vine grows to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the first time, the main vine is cut at the position 40-50cm away from the root, and the cut part is used for selling the pumpkin seedlings with the length standard of 1.0-1.2 m; when the lateral branches grow to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the second time; after each harvest, timely topdressing is carried out, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is properly increased, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, the harvest times are determined according to the market price of pumpkin seedlings and the growth vigor of plants, and 2-3 times are totally harvested; after the lateral branches germinate again, selecting and reserving 4-5 robust lateral branches for fruit setting for each plant, and removing redundant lateral branches from the full base part; pressing tendrils when the lateral branches are 1m long to ensure that the lateral branches crawl in different directions, and pressing the tendrils for 1 time at intervals of 1-1.5m for 2-3 times; in order to improve the yield of the pumpkin seedlings, a multi-vine pruning method is adopted, 2-3 times of harvesting are carried out in the whole growth period, the main vine is harvested in the 1 st time, the lateral branches are harvested in the 2 nd time, and after harvesting, top dressing is carried out in time to remove the delicate and redundant lateral branches. The pumpkin seedlings are harvested in the afternoon of a sunny day, so that the wound recovery is facilitated and the germ infection is reduced. The collected pumpkin seedlings are sprayed with clear water in time to prevent wilting and placed in a shady and cool place.
(4) And (3) pumpkin flower harvesting and post-harvest management: picking up male flower buds in the afternoon before the male flowers completely bloom, picking off the male flowers from the base parts of flower stalks, spraying clear water for moisturizing after harvesting in time, or immersing the base parts of the flower stalks in clear water, placing the flower stalks in a cool and ventilated place, and processing and eating the male flowers after the male flowers normally bloom on day 2; and (3) in the full-bloom stage of the female flowers, collecting male flowers according to the number of the female flowers, reserving 1 male flower in every 2-3 female flowers, and collecting the rest male flowers.
(5) And (3) supplementary pollination: the supplementary pollination includes two kinds, namely artificial pollination and hormone treatment, when meeting continuous rainy weather, flowers are set in the afternoon of the day before the open of the female flowers and the male flowers, the male flowers are selected according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower corresponds to every 3-4 female flowers, and 7 morning of day 2: 00-11: 00 normal pollination; during hormone pollination, the female melon embryos which are opened on the same day or the next day are sprayed by a small sprayer after being diluted to a proper multiple according to the use instruction of the pesticide, and the pesticide is uniformly sprayed to prevent abnormal growth of fruits; in order to solve the serious problem of first female flower melon formation caused by the fact that female flowers open earlier than male flowers in early spring, the method is required to be as follows: (10-15) sowing a batch of pumpkin seeds 10-15 days earlier in proportion, and using the pumpkin seeds as pollination plants to provide pollen to solve the problem of first-female flower melon formation of post-planted plants. The pumpkin has a plurality of reasons for pumpkin transformation, pollination and fertilization are one of the reasons, artificial supplementary pollination or hormone treatment is carried out, the fruit setting rate and the yield can be effectively improved, the effect is more obvious in early spring continuous rainy weather, and the patent provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin by adopting flower pollination and hormone pollination aiming at the problem that the fruit setting rate of the pumpkin is low in the south early spring continuous rainy low-temperature weather.
(6) Harvesting tender melons: picking tender melons 7-10 days after female flowers bloom, selecting 3-4 healthy fruits with regular shapes for harvesting aged melons or seed melons from each plant before picking the tender melons, and harvesting all the rest tender melons; when in collection, the stem and the leaves are not damaged, the scratch of the tender melons is prevented, the melons are sleeved with the net sleeves after collection, and the fruit stalks are trimmed to the shortest length; the picking process avoids the rainy weather as much as possible, which is beneficial to wound recovery and reduction of germ infection. In order to reduce the influence of the harvest of the tender melons on the yield of old melons or seeds, it is recommended that each plant should reserve fruits in advance for the harvest of the old melons or the seed melons.
(7) Fertilizer dressing: and (3) topdressing the fertilizer after 70% of female flowers of the plants bloom, topdressing the high-potassium fertilizer with good water solubility, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-30 kg, the fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 1.5-2.0%, and the topdressing is carried out once every 7 days for 2-3 times.
(8) Harvesting old melons: the pumpkin fruits grow and develop for 30-40 days, and when the color of the peel is completely changed and the powdering is finished, the pumpkin fruits can be harvested; the pumpkin has long flowering phase, the open time of each female flower is inconsistent, and the pumpkin is recommended to be picked every 10 days for 2-3 times. And (4) covering the old melons with straws or canvas, and placing the old melons in a shade place.
(9) Seed harvesting and airing: after the aged melon is harvested, selecting rotten melon, disease and pest melon and dysplasia melon, placing the melon indoors for after-ripening for 10-15 days to promote the seeds to be full, then selecting the melon to be cut open and taken in sunny days, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the sun, reducing the water content of the seeds to be below 8%, selecting the rotten seeds, the unsatisfied seeds and the malformed seeds, and storing the melon in a low-temperature cool and dry place.
The field planting yield is recorded as follows:
planting land: the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out Town in the West village region of Guangxi Nanning city, and carrying out the following steps: spring 2019.
Planting the variety: 1. respectively adopting pumpkin varieties which are not purified by a pedigree method in different areas of Guangxi and recording the pumpkin varieties as A; 2. the pumpkin variety B is obtained by continuous 5-time pedigree purification of pumpkins in the Dahua county of river basin and the local area of Fulutown of Showa county of Hezhou.
Pruning mode: 1. a multi-vine pruning mode is adopted; 2. a multi-vine pruning mode is not adopted.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for harvesting products at different parts of pumpkins is characterized in that: the cultivation steps comprise:
(1) variety selection: selecting a middle-late-maturing Chinese pumpkin variety with strong disease resistance, vigorous growth and low-temperature and weak light resistance, and meeting the requirements of pumpkin seedlings, meat and seeds;
(2) sowing and field planting: selecting seeds with the length of more than 1.5cm and full seeds, adopting a planting mode of seedling raising and field planting, wherein the planting time of winter and spring stubbles is from 11 middle ten days to 1 middle ten days, the planting plant distance is 1.0-1.2m, the row distance is 3.5-4.0 m, and the number of plants per mu is 140-170 plants; during field planting, the covering soil is higher than the seedling raising soil by more than 1.0cm, the planting depth of the overgrown seedlings is increased, root fixing water is thoroughly poured after field planting, and a small arched shed is covered on the winter and spring stubbles for cold protection and heat preservation;
(3) and (3) pumpkin seedling harvesting and post-harvest management: when the main vine grows to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the first time, the main vine is cut at the position 40-50cm away from the root, and the cut part is used for selling the pumpkin seedlings with the length standard of 1.0-1.2 m; when the lateral branches grow to 1.2-1.5m, the pumpkin seedlings are harvested for the second time; after each harvest, timely topdressing is carried out, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is properly increased, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, the harvest times are determined according to the market price of pumpkin seedlings and the growth vigor of plants, and 2-3 times are totally harvested; after the lateral branches germinate again, selecting and reserving 4-5 robust lateral branches for fruit setting for each plant, and removing redundant lateral branches from the full base part; pressing tendrils when the lateral branches are 1m long to ensure that the lateral branches crawl in different directions, and pressing the tendrils for 1 time at intervals of 1-1.5m for 2-3 times;
(4) and (3) pumpkin flower harvesting and post-harvest management: picking up male flower buds in the afternoon before the male flowers completely bloom, picking off the male flowers from the base parts of flower stalks, spraying clear water for moisturizing after harvesting in time, or immersing the base parts of the flower stalks in clear water, placing the flower stalks in a cool and ventilated place, and processing and eating the male flowers after the male flowers normally bloom on day 2; in the full-bloom stage of the female flowers, male flowers are harvested according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower is reserved for every 2-3 female flowers, and the redundant male flowers can be harvested completely;
(5) and (3) supplementary pollination: the supplementary pollination includes two kinds, namely artificial pollination and hormone treatment, when meeting continuous rainy weather, flowers are set in the afternoon of the day before the open of the female flowers and the male flowers, the male flowers are selected according to the number of the female flowers, 1 male flower corresponds to every 3-4 female flowers, and 7 morning of day 2: 00-11: 00 normal pollination; during hormone pollination, the female melon embryos which are opened on the same day or the next day are sprayed by a small sprayer after being diluted to a proper multiple according to the use instruction of the pesticide, and the pesticide is uniformly sprayed to prevent abnormal growth of fruits;
(6) harvesting tender melons: picking tender melons 7-10 days after female flowers bloom, selecting 3-4 healthy fruits with regular shapes for harvesting aged melons or seed melons from each plant before picking the tender melons, and harvesting all the rest tender melons; when in collection, the stem and the leaves are not damaged, the scratch of the tender melons is prevented, the melons are sleeved with the net sleeves after collection, and the fruit stalks are trimmed to the shortest length; the rainy weather is avoided as much as possible during picking, so that the recovery of wounds is facilitated and the infection of germs is reduced;
(7) fertilizer dressing: topdressing with fertilizer after 70% of plants have female flowers blooms, topdressing with high-potassium fertilizer with good water solubility, wherein the dosage per mu is 20-30 kg, the fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 1.5-2.0%, and the topdressing is carried out once every 7 days for 2-3 times;
(8) harvesting old melons: the pumpkin fruits grow and develop for 30-40 days, and when the color of the peel is completely changed and the powdering is finished, the pumpkin fruits can be harvested;
(9) seed harvesting and airing: after the aged melon is harvested, selecting rotten melon, disease and pest melon and dysplasia melon, placing the melon indoors for after-ripening for 10-15 days to promote the seeds to be full, then selecting the melon to be cut open and taken in sunny days, cleaning the seeds, drying the seeds in the sun, reducing the water content of the seeds to be below 8%, selecting the rotten seeds, the unsatisfied seeds and the malformed seeds, and storing the melon in a low-temperature cool and dry place.
2. The cultivation method for harvesting different parts of pumpkin according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pumpkin seedlings are harvested in the afternoon of a sunny day, so that wound recovery is facilitated and germ infection is reduced.
3. The cultivation method for harvesting different parts of pumpkin according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collected pumpkin seedlings are sprayed with clear water in time to prevent wilting and placed in a shady and cool place.
4. The cultivation method for harvesting different parts of pumpkin according to claim 1, characterized in that: the old melon is covered by straw or canvas and then placed in a cool place.
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