CN109392581A - A kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method - Google Patents
A kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392581A CN109392581A CN201811388341.5A CN201811388341A CN109392581A CN 109392581 A CN109392581 A CN 109392581A CN 201811388341 A CN201811388341 A CN 201811388341A CN 109392581 A CN109392581 A CN 109392581A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting methods, it is to be transplanted using short anvil own-rooted tree nursery stock or intermediate stock nursery stock, according to three stages " ten promote " management, when First Year transplants nursery stock, soil does not add any organic or inorganic fertilizer, it directly opens cave or trench digging is transplanted, be supplemented applying fertilizer after Survival rate of nursery stock；For second year using branch is drawn ahead of time, the method for three-level angle of release increases major branch angle: after branch is sagging, before wheat harvest, back branch being carried out to turn round tip processing, forms setting fruit position；Upper end is done in and retains the vigorous competitive branch of 3-5 growth potential, and cutting back year after year, keeps its vigorous growth ability；It is moved back outside being mentioned under after third year, carries out late maintaining: this invention simplifies management, formatted by force, be conducive to popularization；The amount of labour used is few, reduces production cost, improves benefit；The efficiency of light energy utilization is high, inside and outside penetrating light-exposed, reduces pest and disease damage, fruit quality is good.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting methods, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background technique:
Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting not only can improve quality, and can guarantee good ventilation and penetrating light with Early blooming and fruiting, maximum
Change and utilize land resource, increases the yield per unit area, have become the dominant form currently cultivated, still, Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting
Have many nonstandard places in cultivation technique, as trunk skew, it is tree-like be not suitable for, pruning technique does not match, operates
Specification lacks, orchard rich water regulation and administration level is low, and the further genralrlization and benefit for affecting this technology improve, the present invention
The method of the Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting of a set of simplified Labor-saving high-efficiency is proposed, each sport technique segment is reformed.
Summary of the invention:
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting methods.
A kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method, be using short anvil own-rooted tree nursery stock or intermediate stock nursery stock,
Transplanted that (level land, soil layer are thick, fertile, water pours that condition is good then to select low-density, instead according to 1-2 meters of spacing in the rows, 3.5-5 meters of line-spacing
Raising planting density), be managed in the way of three stages " ten promote cultivation ", steps are as follows:
First Year:
1, element soil promotees to live: when plant nursery stock, soil does not add any organic or inorganic fertilizer, directly opens cave or trench digging carries out
It transplants, is supplemented applying fertilizer after Survival rate of nursery stock.
2, dew anvil promotees short: in order to guarantee short anvil control effect, when transplanting nursery stock, the short anvil anvil section of nursery stock is basseted 10 lis
Rice exposes too much, and tree vigo(u)r is not prosperous, exposes very little, kind is easy to take root, and loses short anvil effect.
3, upright bar promotees just: setting up bracket after plant immediately, sets up longitudinal carrier along plantation row cement or steel, stand is high
3 meters of degree or more；According to seedling height, set up first of iron wire at the 1.2-1.3 rice of ground in stand, first of iron wire with
On every 50 centimetres set up one of iron wire；Insert the bamboo pole that diameter is not more than 2 centimetres close to every plant of tree trunk, 2 meters of height with
On；Bamboo pole is fixed on iron wire, nursery stock is fixed on bamboo pole, to guarantee sapling vertical growth, is conducive to later period shaping.
4, top dressing growth promoting: latter two moon of transplanted seedling tree, soil trench digging are application of organic fertilizers (10 kilograms every plant) and quick-acting compound
Fertile (50 grams every plant)；The quick-acting compound fertilizers of continuous administration in 3 months after organic fertilizer and the application of quick-acting compound fertilizers, the every month of application one
Secondary, each quick-acting compound fertilizer's amounts of application are sequentially increased to 100 grams every plant on the basis of 50 grams, reinforce foliage spray.
5, take off light and promote shape: after plant first winter of nursery stock, in addition to doing in tree body, all side shoots are dredged from base portion without exception
It removes.In dry procephalon strong bud cutting back is selected at 1/2, keep vigorous growing way.To reduce trunk disease, repaired after New Year's Day
It cuts；5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed in full garden immediately after trimming, eliminate cause of disease, clip disinfection.
Second year:
6, it carves bud and promotees branch: rudiment the last week, to 100 centimetres or more the positions for needing to send out branch are carved from the ground on trunk
Wound 20 centimetres of spacing between two quarter wounds, pays attention to carving the direction that wound sends out branch, so that the branch of sending is uniformly stretched as deep as xylem
To four directions, crowded, inclined hat is avoided.
7, early draw promotees to open: using branch is drawn ahead of time, the method for three-level angle of release increases major branch angle: being the young sprout sprouted for the first time
When growing to 15-20 centimetres, with toothpick pointed at both ends, base angle (angle between apple neonatal tress and trunk) is strutted；When young sprout is long extremely
At 30-40 centimetres, second of drawing branch draws branch to keep apple neonatal tress sagging, the branch angle between branch and trunk using open-angle device
Reach 120 degree.If later period growing way is excessively prosperous, there is new line situation in young sprout, in mid-August, carries out third time and draws branch, use bracing wire
Drop-down further fixes branch angle；
Second year whole year divides 3-5 application of organic fertilizers and compound fertilizer's (amount of application is determined according to the existing administrative skill of fruit tree),
Promote fruit tree growth, make in do height and reach 2.5-3 meter, guarantee later period yield composition.
8, it stays fruit to promote to hang down: to the major branch grown, carrying out girdling in base portion, Cheng Huahou retains the fruit of branch apex as far as possible
It is real, using the weight of fruit itself, keep branch sagging.
9, turn round the tip and promote flower: after branch is sagging, branch back is easy to happen vertical growth young sprout, before wheat harvest, by back branch
It carries out turning round tip processing, to make full use of trunk infusion, forms setting fruit position.
10, cutting strunk promotees to support: doing upper end in and retains the vigorous competitive branch of 3-5 growth potential, and cutting back year after year, keeps its prosperous
Growth ability is contained, is exchanged by tree body the two poles of the earth, is allowed to provide root system nutrition, prevent tree body early ageing.
After third year: carry out late maintaining: under mention it is outer move back, illumination is abundant, and rich water coupling is got bumper crops year after year.
By the management of the first two years, tree body has formed a large amount of buds, and starts as a result, answer strict control yield load,
Prevent tree body early ageing.Simultaneously to the branch of result, trunk lower part branch is from bottom to top gradually removed, and stays 1 meter of trunk or so
(being meaning " under mention ")；Fruitful branch is bounced back by peripheral inwardly neat flower, and the 1/2 of each of length no more than spacing in the rows of fruitful branch, guarantee tree body
It divulges information light-exposed, fruit development is good (being meaning " moving back outside ")；And paying attention to field sward, rich water coupling management, holding is got bumper crops year after year.
The technology of the present invention the utility model has the advantages that
1, streamlining management formats by force, is conducive to promote；
2, the amount of labour used is few, reduces production cost, improves benefit；
3, the efficiency of light energy utilization is high, inside and outside penetrating light-exposed, reduces pest and disease damage, fruit quality is good.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is that apple tree dew anvil promotees short photo.
Fig. 2 is that apple tree upright bar promotees positive photo.
Fig. 3 is the photo for taking off that light promotees shape in apple tree winter.
Fig. 4 is taken off the photo that light promotees hair shoot growth shape after shape by apple tree.
Fig. 5 is the photo that apple tree carves that bud promotees branch.
Fig. 6 is that apple tree early draws the photo for promoting to open and drawing branch for the first time.
Fig. 7 is that apple tree early draws the photo for promoting to open second of drawing branch.
Fig. 8 is the photo that apple tree turns round that the tip promotees flower.
Fig. 9 is that apple tree stays fruit to promote vertical photo.
Figure 10 is the photo of the vigorous competitive branch of apple tree apical growth gesture.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment:
Following embodiment facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment side in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Test material as used in the following examples is unless otherwise specified from often
Rule biochemical reagents shop is commercially available.Quantitative test in following embodiment is respectively provided with three repeated experiments, is as a result averaged
Value.Open-angle device used in the present invention is commercially available to obtain
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental design
In in June, 2018-August Shandong Province, Daiyue District, the Tai'an town Ma Zhuan proving ground carry out, in March, 2016 orchard establishment,
It is divided to A, B two gardens, spacing in the rows and line-spacing are 1.5 × 4m, and the size of cave or ditch is 60 centimeter squares, and material to be tested is that triennial is rich
Scholar and loud, high-pitched sound apple, stock are M9T337 dwarfing stock, and garden A is using three stages " ten promote " method management of the invention, garden B
As control using the management that routinizes, other conditions guarantee unanimously, to measure growth increment in June, 2018 and physiology refers to
Mark.Apple variety Fuji, loud, high-pitched sound hereafter are referred to FS, GL respectively in survey data, such as cultivation is FS-A, the cultivation of the area B in the area A
As FS-B.
1.2 test method
Biomass estimation uses conventional method measured directly, plant plant height tape measure, and plant diameter is slightly swum with electronics
Calliper to measure is marked, chlorophyll content is measured with the portable chlorophyll meter of SPAD-502.
The acquisition of 1.3 test specimens
Data are handled using Microsoft Excel 2003, and SPSS17 software is for statistical analysis.
2 results and analysis
Influence of 2.1 " ten promote technology " to Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple tree vigo(u)r
1 Fuji of table and loud, high-pitched sound apple development amount
As shown in table 1, " ten promote technology " is to the obvious effect of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple tree vigo(u)r.The ground of FS-A, GL-A
Diameter, meter Jing, 2 meters of diameters are above control, and respectively the area B is the same as 1.02,1.04,1.10 times of kind and 1.33,1.28,1.40 times；
The major branch of FS-A is slightly significantly lower than FS-B, and the only major branch of 61.00%, the GL-A in the area B is slightly the 91.06% of the area B.As it can be seen that " ten
After rush technology " processing, do with the obvious advantage in Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple, slightly the ratio between meter Jing is respectively less than 1/3 to major branch, and axis difference is bright
It is aobvious.The plant height of FS-A, GL-A are respectively the 95.74% and 94.57% of the area B.Short anvil is tree-like emphasize in do for major branch advantage,
It is required that major branch base portion rugosity in attachment region is no more than dry crude degree 1/2, otherwise, apple tree is difficult into flower, and is easy to cause tree
Body early ageing.The longitudinal growth and cross growth that " ten rush technologies " is conducive to balance Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple, maintain center to do excellent
Gesture effectively prevent tree body early ageing.Meanwhile the major branch spreading angle of FS-A, GL-A is also apparently higher than control, the respectively area B
1.40 times and 1.54 times.The spreading angle that " ten promote technology " increases apple branch by three-level angle of release, can reduce apple tree top
End advantage, to achieve the purpose that mitigate tree vigo(u)r.
The influence that 2.2 " ten promote technology " form Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple branch class
2 Fuji of table and loud, high-pitched sound apple branch class composition
As shown in Table 2, " ten rush technologies " can be obviously improved the branch class composition of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple.FS-A, GL-A's
Major branch amount, brachyplast amount be apparently higher than the area B, respectively the 1.61,2.00 of the area B times and 2.00,1.72 times.The middle branch amount of FS-A and
Long shoot amount is significantly lower than the area B, only the 83.50% of the area B and 12.36%, and the middle branch amount of GL-A is 2.00 times of control, long shoot
Amount is only the 33.50% of the area B.De- light promotees shape, draws branch twice, fruit is stayed to promote the spreading angle that the measures such as vertical increase apple branch,
To increase the brachyplast ratio of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple, the ratio of middle long shoot is reduced.On the other hand, it is also effective to carve bud rush branch
It ensure that the hair branch amount of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple tree.Illustrate the quantity that " ten rush technologies " can increase Apple Spur, is conducive to
The prosperous growth for controlling apple, promotes the formation of fruitful branch.
Influence of 2.3 " ten promote technology " to Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple production
3 Fuji of table and loud, high-pitched sound apple production index
As shown in Table 3, " ten rush technologies " can obviously increase the result quantities of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple.The knot of FS-A, GL-A
Fruit amount is respectively the 1.17 of the area B, 1.07 times, fruit a kind of sedge sublateral shoot quantity is more than the area B, length is below the area B, respectively the area B
83.77%, 70.37%, but its fruit a kind of sedge sublateral shoot number is apparently higher than control, is 1.32,1.42 times of control.Fruit a kind of sedge sublateral shoot is continuous
At colored material base, fruit a kind of sedge sublateral shoot of sufficient amount and the growing way golden mean of the Confucian school is the main portions continuously yielded positive results.Illustrate that " ten promote
Technology " increases the spreading angle of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple branch, limits branch by drawing branch twice, fruit being stayed to promote the measures such as vertical
It extends to the outside, reduces botany growth (nutrient growth), ensure that coming year bud differentiation position and quantity, promote apple Cheng Huajie
Fruit.On the other hand, cutting strunk promotees to support the nutrient reflux that apple tree has been effectively ensured, and is conducive to the accumulation of tree body root nutrition, on the ground
Under ground portion nutrient cycling and utilization is also beneficial to increase the result time limit while increasing result quantities.
Found out by above-mentioned test, after three stages of the invention " ten promote " method management, Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple are in tree vigo(u)r
Control is all substantially better than in terms of yield.Cutting strunk, which promotees feeding equal measures, can increase root system nutrition, maintain above and below ground portion nutrient
Balance, prevent from being effectively ensured while tree body early ageing in do apparent advantage；Early draw promotees to open, de- light rush shape, fruit is stayed to promote to hang down
Equal measures, so that slightly the ratio between meter Jing is respectively less than 1/3 to major branch, axis difference is obvious, and branch group ratio is more rational；Reveal anvil and promotees short processing
The plant height of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple is respectively the 95.74% and 94.57% of fruit a kind of sedge sublateral shoot afterwards, and Dwarf Effect on Dwarf is significant；Three-level angle of release
After drawing branch, the major branch spreading angle of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple is respectively increased 39.91%, 53.56%, and big spreading angle is effectively anti-
Stop the too fast diameter increment of major branch, while having also limited branch and extending to the outside, reduced nutrient growth, promotes apple Cheng Huajie
Fruit.In addition, promote branch by a series of quarter bud, turn round tip rush and measures, Apples a kind of sedge sublateral shoot such as spend to obviously increase, continuous result is also more
It is easy, the result quantities of Fuji and loud, high-pitched sound apple significantly improve, and yield increases.Apple of the present invention as a set of simplified Labor-saving high-efficiency
Cold region apple method can be promoted.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of three stages " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method, is pressed using short anvil own-rooted tree nursery stock or intermediate stock nursery stock
It is transplanted according to 1-2 meters of spacing in the rows, 3.5-5 meters of line-spacing；It is characterized by: being managed using three stages " ten promote " mode, step
It is as follows:
First Year:
1) element soil promotees to live: when plant nursery stock, soil does not add any organic or inorganic fertilizer, directly opens cave or trench digging is planted
It plants, is supplemented applying fertilizer after Survival rate of nursery stock；
2) dew anvil promotees short: when plant nursery stock, the short anvil anvil section of nursery stock is basseted 10 centimetres；
3) upright bar promotees just: setting up bracket after plant immediately, sets up longitudinal stand along plantation row；Lateral iron wire is set up in stand；It leans on
Nearly every plant of tree trunk inserts a bamboo pole；Bamboo pole is fixed on iron wire, nursery stock is fixed on bamboo pole, guarantee sapling vertical growth,
Conducive to later period shaping；
4) top dressing growth promoting: latter two moon of transplanted seedling tree, soil trench digging application of organic fertilizers and quick-acting compound fertilizers；Organic fertilizer and quick-acting multiple
The quick-acting compound fertilizers of continuous administration in 3 months after the application of Hefei, every month, application was primary, reinforced foliage spray；
5) take off light and promote shape: after plant first winter of nursery stock, in addition to doing in tree body, all side shoots are removed from base portion without exception；In
Dry procephalon selects strong bud cutting back at 1/2, keeps vigorous growing way；To reduce trunk disease, trimmed after New Year's Day；Trimming
5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs are sprayed in full orchard immediately afterwards, eliminate cause of disease, clip disinfection；
Second year:
1) it carves bud and promotees branch: rudiment the last week, it is deep to 100 centimetres or more the positions for needing to send out branch carry out quarter wound from the ground on trunk
Up to xylem, 20 centimetres of spacing between two quarters wounds, pays attention to the direction for carving wound hair branch, so that the branch of sending uniformly stretches to four
Side, avoids crowded, inclined hat；
2) early draw promotees to open: using branch is drawn ahead of time, the method for three-level angle of release increases major branch angle: the young sprout of sprouting grows to 15-20 lis
Meter Shi is strutted base angle with toothpick pointed at both ends, carries out drawing branch for the first time；When long to 30-40 centimetres of young sprout, angle of release is used
Device draws branch to keep apple neonatal tress sagging, and the branch angle between branch and trunk reaches 120 degree, carries out second and draws branch；After if
Phase growing way is excessively prosperous, and new line situation occurs in young sprout, in mid-August, carries out third time and draws branch, further fixes drawing using bracing wire drop-down
Branch angle；
Second year whole year divides 3-5 application of organic fertilizers and compound fertilizer, promotes fruit tree growth, make in do height and reach 2.5-3 meter, guarantor
Demonstrate,prove later period yield composition；
3) it stays fruit to promote to hang down: to the major branch grown, carrying out girdling in base portion, Cheng Huahou retains the fruit of branch apex as far as possible, benefit
With the weight of fruit itself, keep branch sagging；
4) turn round the tip and promote flower: after branch is sagging, branch back is easy to happen vertical growth young sprout, and before wheat harvest, back branch is carried out
Tip processing is turned round, to make full use of trunk infusion, forms setting fruit position；
5) cutting strunk promotees to support: doing upper end in and retains the vigorous competitive branch of 3-5 growth potential, and cutting back year after year, keeps its vigorous life
Long ability is allowed to provide root system nutrition, prevents tree body early ageing；
After third year: under mention outer move back:
1) mention under: by the management of the first two years, tree body has formed a large amount of buds, and starts as a result, answering strict control yield negative
Lotus prevents tree body early ageing；Simultaneously to the branch of result, trunk lower part branch is from bottom to top gradually removed, and stays 1 meter of left side of trunk
It is right；
2) move back outside: fruitful branch is bounced back by peripheral inwardly neat flower, and the 1/2 of each of length no more than spacing in the rows of fruitful branch, guarantee that tree body is logical
Wind is light-exposed, and fruit development is good.
Three stages of one kind as described in claim 1 2. " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method, it is characterised in that: the stand is high
3 meters of degree or more；According to seedling height, set up first of iron wire at the 1.2-1.3 rice of ground in stand, first of iron wire with
On every 50 centimetres set up one of iron wire；The bamboo pole diameter is no more than 2 centimetres, highly 2 meters or more.
Three stages of one kind as described in claim 1 3. " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method, it is characterised in that: after transplanted seedling tree
Two months, every plant of tree applied 10 kilograms of organic fertilizers and 50 grams of quick-acting compound fertilizers respectively.
Three stages of one kind as described in claim 1 4. " ten promote " Apple Dwarf Stocks dense planting method, it is characterised in that: the top dressing promotees
In length, each quick-acting compound fertilizer's amounts of application are sequentially increased to 100 grams every plant on the basis of 50 grams.
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| CN201811388341.5A CN109392581B (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | Three-stage ten-promotion apple dwarf stock close planting method |
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Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN105493915B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Elongated pinecone shape apple is tree-like and its pruning method |
| CN108541503A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-18 | 宁夏万齐农业股份有限公司 | The Cold region apple inoculation method of apple tree |
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| 国家（杨凌）农业技术转移中心: "《苹果技术服务体系集成》", 30 September 2016, 陕西科学技术出版社 * |
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