CN102326500B - Tree form suitable for pocket culturing of jujube trees and trimming method thereof - Google Patents
Tree form suitable for pocket culturing of jujube trees and trimming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326500B CN102326500B CN201110240643.XA CN201110240643A CN102326500B CN 102326500 B CN102326500 B CN 102326500B CN 201110240643 A CN201110240643 A CN 201110240643A CN 102326500 B CN102326500 B CN 102326500B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a jujube tree form suitable for pocket culturing of jujube trees. An open-center-shaped tree form consists of a trunk and primary fruiting branches, and is characterized in that: the height of the trunk is 45-100 centimeters; an open-center-shaped structure is partitioned into a single layer or double layers; each layer consists of 2-3 primary fruiting branches; the included angle between each primary fruiting branch and the trunk is greater than 85 degrees; and secondary oblique branches growing on the primary fruiting branches serve as major fruiting branches. In the jujube tree form suitable for pocket culturing of jujube trees, a stunt open-center-shaped tree form is adopted and is very suitable for pocket operation of jujube trees, so that the pocket operating efficiency is increased greatly. According to statistics of last year, the operating efficiency of every worker is at least increased by five times, and the autumn picking efficiency is increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The special tree-like and trimming method that the present invention relates to a kind of jujube trees cultivation, is specially the happy tree-like shaping of jujube tree and trimming method and the large tree remodeling method of trunk shape thereof.
Background technology
The red date bag technology of prior art adopts single fruit bagging method, has Shandong Province's Zhanhua to adopt Sichuan to produce " Huiyang " board film bag winter jujube is carried out to the test of single fruit bagging.There is the problems such as fruit bag cost is high, and recruitment is many in single fruit bagging technique.Chinese patent 200910075853.3 disclosed " a kind of red date bag and using method ", adopts papery ∪ shape fruit bag to carry out many fruit baggings to jujube fruit in red date young fruit period to the maturing stage, and the method can be prevented and treated the fruit diseases such as red date cracked fruit, fungal infection; And control fruit primary pest; Reduce preharvest drop; Improve high quality fruit rate; Improve fruit appearance quality and fruit interior quality; Reduce residue of pesticide index; Reduce atmosphere or dust pollution; Extending fruit storage time.Substantially sick worm harm and fruit residue of pesticide have been stopped through the jujube fruit of bagging; Quality reaches gold standard; Dehiscent fruit control rate reaches more than 95%.The problem existing is that existing jujube cultivation is all more extensive with pruning, and is mostly the tree-like of trunk.Its feature is large for setting height, embraces head growth or skeleton branch spreading angle little, and fruit bearing shoot multidigit is in tree crown middle and upper part or periphery, and standing is not easy to carry out bagging operation on the ground, need step on stool to operate, and bagging efficiency is very low.Such as existing trunk shape is embraced head growth jujube tree, height of tree 5-6 rice.Globular model jujube tree: skeleton branch or bough are more, height of tree 4-5 rice.Evacuate layering shape jujube tree: major branch is more or layering is too many, and the height of tree also has 3-4 rice.Above-mentioned several tree-like bagging operation that is all not suitable for.In addition, adopt the illumination rate that has reduced to a certain extent fruit bagging after paper bag bagging, added in the tree-like hat of trunk illumination condition poor, affected to a certain extent the quality of fruit bagging.Therefore, need to transform tree-like existing jujube tree, wait operation to adapt to carry out jujube trees cultivation with management.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of the tree-like of red date bag operation that be suitable for, a kind of described tree-like cultivation and trimming method are also provided simultaneously.
A kind of the tree-like of jujube trees cultivation that be suitable for of the present invention, form happy shape by trunk and result major branch tree-like, it is characterized in that the high 45-100cm of trunk, described happy shape is divided into individual layer or bilayer, every layer is made up of two to three result major branches, between described result major branch and trunk, angle is greater than 85 °, on result major branch, having oblique raw Secondary Branch is main result branch, remove the Secondary Branch under back and the back of the body, the oblique raw Secondary Branch of growing on young sprout of selecting and remain, Secondary Branch is cultivated to the fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster stretching for outwards, described jujube tree is tree-like by the also cultivation and pruning moulding of continuous 3 years of sapling field planting,
The culturing and trimming method that described jujube tree is tree-like, comprises following key step:
1., field planting is surely dry in height of seedling 60-70 centimeters then, stays the shaping band of 20-30 centimetre, maintenance center branch advantage, selects 2-3 bough cultivation results major branch;
2., field planting Second Year, heavy pruning center branch, then 2-3 the result major branch of selecting and remain, and with draw branch method the first transaction of a day's business result major branch angle;
3., field planting removes center branch on the 3rd year, adopts and draws branch or support branch method the first transaction of a day's business result major branch angle at spring and autumn, makes angle >=85 ° between result major branch and trunk, forms individual layer or double-deck shape is tree-like happily;
4., after the happy tree-like moulding of shape, remove every year back branch, lignification jujube hangs and height branch more than 1.5 meters, within tree height is controlled to 1.5-2.0 rice;
5., after described tree-like jujube tree starts to bear fruit, need carry out every year summer pruning and winter pruning.
Described a kind of the tree-like of jujube trees cultivation that be suitable for, after it is characterized in that described tree-like jujube tree starts to bear fruit, must prune annual summer, enter the full bearing period after annual winter must prune;
Wherein summer pruning measure comprises;
1., break bud or be called BAR-TACK head: after jujube tree germinates to the white ripe phase of jujube fruit, to setting sprouting that upper jujube thigh grows, cut the sprouting that saw kerf sprouts and repeatedly break bud;
2., take branch: to lignification, the next year result young sprout of selecting and remain is taken to branch the young sprout angle of opening a business at young sprout vigorous period;
3., draw branch: to taking after branch the young sprout of perk again, evened up with rope, prevent that young sprout front portion from upwards growing;
4., pinching: in young sprout vegetative period, eugonic young sprout and sublateral shoot are carried out to pinching, leading shoot stays 6-8 sublateral shoot to carry out pinching, and sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 6-7 joint;
5., the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain: remove the Secondary Branch under back and the back of the body, the oblique raw Secondary Branch of growing on the young sprout of selecting and remain, cultivates described Secondary Branch the fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster stretching for outwards;
The main trimming measure that after entering the full bearing period, carry out winter comprises:
1., remove then the perennial branch of raw young sprout front portion, start to carry out the renewal of skeleton branch;
2., the select and remain raw branch of 1-2 of 70-80% of full tree, cultivation results branch group, removes perennial jujube thigh, lignification jujube hangs, and carries out the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
A kind of jujube tree that is suitable for jujube trees cultivation of the present invention is tree-like, and owing to adopting, to downgrade happy shape tree-like, is applicable to very much jujube tree and implements bag operation, greatly improved bagging operating efficiency.According to statistics last year, each workman's operating efficiency has at least improved five times, has also greatly improved picking efficiency in autumn.Particularly this tree-like employing is tiltedly given birth to Secondary Branch as bagging branch, the branch that other is not suitable for to bagging removes, effectively reduce the shading impact of unnecessary branch on bagging red date and the consumption of nutrient, improved the effect that makes full use of of the daylight rate of bagging red date and nutrient.The culturing and trimming method that described jujube tree is tree-like, by removing major branch, cultivate result major branch and form one to two layer of happy shape tree-like and retain tiltedly raw Secondary Branch, remove the method for other branch, cultivated into through two to three years and be applicable to the tree-like of red date bag, by the further pruning in summer and winter, keep described tree-like advantage, improve jujube tree high quality fruit rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tree-like schematic diagram of the happy shape of individual layer;
Fig. 2 is the double-deck happy tree-like schematic diagram of shape.
In figure, 1-trunk; 2-result major branch; 3-is raw Secondary Branch tiltedly; 4-jujube hangs.
Embodiment
A kind of jujube tree that is suitable for jujube trees cultivation of the present invention is tree-like, form happy shape by trunk and result major branch tree-like, the wherein high 45-100cm of trunk, described happy shape is divided into individual layer and/or bilayer, every layer is made up of two to three result major branches, between described result major branch and trunk, angle is more than or equal to 85 °, and on result major branch, having oblique raw Secondary Branch is main result branch.The tree-like cultivation by sapling field planting continuous 3 years of above-mentioned jujube tree with prune plasticly, also can have and bear fruit jujube tree by being trimmed to described tree-like shape.
Below cultivation and the trimming method of field planting jujube tree.
The jujube tree seedling of cultivating moulding is moved to suitable Field planting, and in field planting then, at height of seedling 60-70 li
Rice is fixed dry, stays the shaping band of 20-30 centimetre, prunes and keeps center branch advantage, selects 2-3 the bough cultivation results major branch 2 that growing way is strong, azimuth is suitable, angle is opened a business, and unnecessary branch is removed.
Field planting Second Year, heavy pruning center branch, near 2-3 the bough of selecting and remain again heavy pruning face height, cultivate second layer result major branch, and employing draws the methods such as branch to make result major branch 2 the first transaction of a day's business certain angles;
Field planting the 3rd year, remove center branch, Bock Altitude 40-100 centimetre of high trunk 1, continue to cultivate the result major branch 2 that the first two years is selected and remain, spring and autumn adopts and draws the method such as branch or support branch to make angle >=85 ° between result major branch 2 and trunk 1, tree crown is peripheral outwards to be stretched, and forms the fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster of the level that approaches.Described individual layer or double-deck happy shape are tree-like.
After the tree-like shaping of pocket culture, keep dry high 40-100 centimetre, and in every year newborn back branch being removed, also remove that lignification jujube hangs and the bagging on the ground of standing operate the branch reaching simultaneously, by the height of tree and high be controlled at 1.5-2 rice within.Make the inside and outside branches and leaves face of tree crown reached more than 90% by light rate.
After tree-like moulding, annual summer and winter also need to prune.
Wherein summer pruning mainly comprises:
Break bud (being again BAR-TACK head): after jujube tree germinates to the white ripe phase of jujube fruit, to full tree do not need sprouting that the jujube thigh staying grows, cut the sprouting that sprouts according to mouth and position, the bad jujube head in orientation repeatedly breaks bud.Break bud method of operating for breaking except unwanted jujube head from base portion (not staying eye).
Take branch: to lignification, the young sprout of the next year result of selecting and remain is taken to branch, the first transaction of a day's business young sprout angle at young sprout vigorous period.
Draw branch: to taking the young sprout of perk again after branch, evened up with plastic ties, thin wire or similar material in time.Prevent that young sprout front portion from upwards growing.
Pinching: at young sprout vigorous period, eugonic young sprout and sublateral shoot are carried out to pinching.On each leading shoot, stay pinching after 6-8 sublateral shoot; On sublateral shoot, stay the pinching of 6-7 joint.
The Secondary Branch of selecting and remain: remove back and the lower Secondary Branch of the back of the body, the oblique raw Secondary Branch of growing on the young sprout of selecting and remain, cultivates Secondary Branch for the outside fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster of stretching, extension.
Winter pruning mainly comprises:
Sparse branching: pocket culture is tree-like to be entered after the full bearing period, removes the perennial branch of raw young sprout front portion then, starts to carry out the renewal of skeleton branch.
Cultivate shoot: the full tree raw branch of 1-2 of 70-80% left and right of selecting and remain, cultivation results branch group, removes perennial jujube thigh, lignification jujube and hang etc., carries out the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
Also can transform happy shape as for the existing trunk shape jujube tree that bears fruit tree-like, mainly pruning way comprises:
Setting: remove center dry, reduce the height of tree.Tree-likely transform individual layer or double-deck happy shape as by what have a trunk;
Clear thorax: remove and do 1 meter apart from center with the interior vertical branch of bagging operation, thin and delicate branch, the perennial jujube thigh of being unfavorable for.When transformation, emphasis is considered the balance of full tree skeleton branch, does not emphasize the master slave relation of each skeleton branch.
Pouch cover method: special fruit bag is strutted, selecting the individual jujube of string shape result 6-15 to hang 4 upwards draws from bottom, move jujube to and hang female branch (Secondary Branch) position, jujube bag is fixed on to jujube hangs on female branch (Secondary Branch) with the bar of tying up on fruit bag, and more than 3 jujube leaf is drawn out to fruit bag outside, then U-shaped mouthful of bag bottom is sealed with the bar of tying up on fruit bag.
Sack cover method: special fruit bag is strutted, the concentrated Secondary Branch of selection result is moved the female branch of Secondary Branch (shoot then) root position to from bottom, with on fruit bag to tie up female branch that jujube bag is fixed on Secondary Branch by bar upper, then the U-shaped mouth of bag bottom is sealed with the bar of tying up on fruit bag.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is suitable for the tree-like of jujube trees cultivation, form happy shape by trunk and result major branch tree-like, it is characterized in that the high 45-100cm of trunk, described happy shape is divided into individual layer or bilayer, every layer is made up of two to three result major branches, between described result major branch and trunk, angle is greater than 85 °, on result major branch, having oblique raw Secondary Branch is main result branch, remove the Secondary Branch under back and the back of the body, the oblique raw Secondary Branch of growing on young sprout of selecting and remain, Secondary Branch is cultivated to the fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster stretching for outwards, described jujube tree is tree-like by the also cultivation and pruning moulding of continuous 3 years of sapling field planting,
The culturing and trimming method that described jujube tree is tree-like, comprises following key step:
1., field planting is surely dry in height of seedling 60-70 centimeters then, stays the shaping band of 20-30 centimetre, maintenance center branch advantage, selects 2-3 bough cultivation results major branch;
2., field planting Second Year, heavy pruning center branch, then 2-3 the result major branch of selecting and remain, and with draw branch method the first transaction of a day's business result major branch angle;
3., field planting removes center branch on the 3rd year, adopts and draws branch or support branch method the first transaction of a day's business result major branch angle at spring and autumn, makes angle >=85 ° between result major branch and trunk, forms individual layer or double-deck shape is tree-like happily;
4., after the happy tree-like moulding of shape, remove every year back branch, lignification jujube hangs and height branch more than 1.5 meters, within tree height is controlled to 1.5-2.0 rice;
5., after described tree-like jujube tree starts to bear fruit, need carry out every year summer pruning and winter pruning.
2. a kind of the tree-like of jujube trees cultivation that be suitable for according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that described tree-like jujube tree starts to bear fruit, must prune annual summer, enter the full bearing period after annual winter must prune;
Wherein summer pruning measure comprises;
1., break bud or be called BAR-TACK head: after jujube tree germinates to the white ripe phase of jujube fruit, to setting sprouting that upper jujube thigh grows, cut the sprouting that saw kerf sprouts and repeatedly break bud;
2., take branch: to lignification, the next year result young sprout of selecting and remain is taken to branch the young sprout angle of opening a business at young sprout vigorous period;
3., draw branch: to taking after branch the young sprout of perk again, evened up with rope, prevent that young sprout front portion from upwards growing;
4., pinching: in young sprout vegetative period, eugonic young sprout and sublateral shoot are carried out to pinching, leading shoot stays 6-8 sublateral shoot to carry out pinching, and sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 6-7 joint;
5., the Secondary Branch of selecting and remain: remove the Secondary Branch under back and the back of the body, the oblique raw Secondary Branch of growing on the young sprout of selecting and remain, cultivates described Secondary Branch the fan-shaped fruit-bearing shoot cluster stretching for outwards;
The main trimming measure that after entering the full bearing period, carry out winter comprises:
1., remove then the perennial branch of raw young sprout front portion, start to carry out the renewal of skeleton branch;
2., the select and remain raw branch of 1-2 of 70-80% of full tree, cultivation results branch group, removes perennial jujube thigh, lignification jujube hangs, and carries out the renewal of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
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| CN109042018A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of transformation shaping methods of jujube tree |
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| CN112262702A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 昆明学院 | Planting and shaping method for double-stem four-main-branch citrus shed frame cultivation |
| CN112514726B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-08-02 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of mid-autumn crispy dates |
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Cited By (2)
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