CN107371855A - A kind of tree-like and shaping methods of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " - Google Patents
A kind of tree-like and shaping methods of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " Download PDFInfo
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- CN107371855A CN107371855A CN201710740009.XA CN201710740009A CN107371855A CN 107371855 A CN107371855 A CN 107371855A CN 201710740009 A CN201710740009 A CN 201710740009A CN 107371855 A CN107371855 A CN 107371855A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to pomology technical field, is related to a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " tree-like and shaping methods.A kind of tree-like, the high 290cm of pear tree of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", in two layers of the setting in pear tree central backbone both sides point, four major branches, three fruit-bearing shoot clusters are set on each major branch；Major branch and the base angle of central backbone are 90 °, and major branch length is 100cm；The angle of fruitful branch and major branch is 90 °, is 28.57cm in the distance between erectility, fruitful branch；First layer major branch and second layer major branch are highly respectively 50cm and 170cm, and first layer major branch is horizontal with second layer major branch.This is tree-like to be changed to one side result the three-dimensional result of conventional tree body so that tree body makes full use of illumination, and air permeability also greatly improves, and can effectively reduce pest and disease damage, improve fruit quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pomology technical field, and in particular to a kind of tree-like and shaping side of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes "
Method.
Background technology
Pears (Pyrus L.) are the important industrial crops in China, and cultivated area and yield occupy first place in the world.Pear fruit
Nutritive value is high, crisp succulence, sour and sweet palatability, and has certain medical value, is liked by consumers in general.In pear tree
Cultivation technique management in, tree structure is directly connected to the lighting efficiency of tree body, nutrient distribution so as to influence fruit quality, its
Highly important status is seized of in pear tree cultivation system.At present, at home in the operatic circle industry, labor cost increases
Add, it is conventional be preced with greatly it is tree-like and higher some technical requirements it is tree-like needed in reforming process year limit for length, complex management, consumption
When the problem of taking a lot of work so that it is the high enterprise of most of the operatic circle manufacturing enterprises management cost, low in economic efficiency.Therefore, using shaping letter
It is single, shaping is fast, be adapted to mechanized operation it is tree-like be China's the operatic circle industry development trend of the times.
At present, it is adapted to the simplification of mechanized operation is tree-like to have frame shape, slender spindle like etc..But frame is tree-like to be deposited
Training time is long, input cost is high the problem of, and slender spindle like stills need higher cultivation management technology.And China is current
The trend of aging is presented in the population of work of being engaged in agriculture, and women and male demographic more than 60 years old turn into the main force of work, this
Part population is very poor for the learning ability of cultivation technique.Therefore, invention is a kind of simple in construction, easy homogenization, mechanization, brief
Change and indiscriminately imitate learn it is tree-like be China's pears industry development important need.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " is tree-like, including the quantity of major branch and fruitful branch；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of tree-like shaping methods of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", including planting density and frame
Formula structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the tree-like shaping methods of " line of trees " for an entirety, by often row tree
Often row tree body is connected as an entirety by the method for 4 major branches between every two plants of tree bodies grafting two-by-two.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of tree-like, the high 290cm of pear tree of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", divides two layers in pear tree central backbone both sides and sets
Four major branches are put, three fruit-bearing shoot clusters are set on each major branch；Major branch and the base angle of central backbone are 90 °, and major branch length is
100cm；The angle of fruitful branch and major branch is 90 °, is 28.57cm in the distance between erectility, fruitful branch；First layer major branch
Highly it is respectively 50cm and 170cm with second layer major branch, first layer major branch is horizontal with second layer major branch.
The present invention provides a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " tree-like shaping methods, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: the configuration of posture：Every 6m, the pillar that one height is 3.5m is set；50cm, 80cm of pillar, 170cm,
One of galvanized wire is drawn at 200cm respectively, for fix tree body, each individual plant major branch and fruitful branch；
Step 2: First Year shaping：
Pear tree is colonized using north and south row, and seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, after the field planting of First Year spring, is done surely at the high 50cm of pear tree
Processing, the season of growth only stay a young sprout to extend branch as central backbone, and remaining young sprout sprouted all carries out multiple pinching processing,
Ensure the growth vigor of central backbone, and strengthen water and fertilizer management；
Step 3: Second Year shaping：
The Second Year after pear tree is colonized, the both sides at the 50cm and 170cm of pear tree central backbone carry out carving bud processing, make center
Trunk to cultivate four major branches, and strengthens water and fertilizer management in 50cm and 170cm left and right sides pumping young sprout, promotes young sprout length
Into 100cm major branch；When young sprout grows into 10cm, base angle is strutted using toothpick so that young sprout is more than with central backbone angle
60 °, when young sprout grows to 50cm, young sprout is moved respectively to height to carry out bondage on 50cm and 170cm galvanized wire, will be new
Tip base angle moves 80 ° to, lifts young sprout head, to keep the growth potential of whole young sprout, when young sprout grows to 100cm, by young sprout
Base angle moves 90 ° to；The young sprout at the other positions of central backbone will carry out drawing branch, and branch angle is greater than the angle of four major branches, raw
The too strong young sprout of growing way can carry out multiple pinching, to ensure the horizontal growth advantage of four major branches；Step 3: the 3rd year whole
Shape：
The 3rd year after pear tree is colonized, carry out falling head at pear tree 290cm, falling head will be when young sprout grows to more than 10cm after rudiment
Carry out, to avoid germinating the excessive branch of excessive growth；Quarter wound, each major branch are carried out at 28.57cm in the back bud of four major branches
Carve to hinder 3 times and inspire young sprout, to cultivate 3 fruitful branches, strengthen water and fertilizer management, promote young sprout to grow up to 120cm fruitful branches；In result
Branch growth is to bondage is carried out during 30cm, to keep fruitful branch vertical growth, it is in 90 ° that fruitful branch, which is moved to major branch angle, by first
On the galvanized wire that layer fruitful branch bondage is 80cm to height, second layer fruitful branch bondage to the galvanized wire that height is 200cm
On.
Present invention also offers a kind of shaping methods of " line of trees " tree-like based on pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", in pear tree
In the beginning of July, the 3rd after field planting, four major branches between adjacent individual plant in every row tree are carried out grafting two-by-two, every row tree is turned into one
Individual entirety.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the configuration of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " of the present invention tree-like major branch, fruitful branch is easily standardized, uniformed, the producer is easy
Keep firmly in mind, grasp and operate, will not produce ambiguity；" four arm hedge frame shapes " is tree-like to be changed to one side knot the three-dimensional result of conventional tree body
Fruit so that tree body makes full use of illumination, and air permeability also greatly improves, and can effectively reduce pest and disease damage, improve fruit quality；" four arms
Hedge frame shape " is tree-like using vertical branch as fruit-bearing shoot cluster, takes full advantage of the polar character of pear tree, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is not easy aging, favorably
In the supply of fruit nutrient and the raising of fruit quality.
2. the present invention is pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", often the grafting of row tree is an entirety, improves the wind resistance of tree body, fits
Answering property and resistance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to carry out in Second Year spring of the present invention carving bud schematic diagram in tree body height 50cm and 170cm both sides.
Fig. 2 is Second Year summer Growth of Pear Trees situation schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is trunk back lateral bud to be carried out to carve bud schematic diagram before spring rudiment in 3rd year of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the 3rd year summer Growth of Pear Trees situation schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a kind of tree-like tree-like structural representation of individual plant of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " tree-like " line of trees " tree-like structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit protection scope of the present invention.If specializing, in fact
Apply the conventional meanses that technological means used is well known to those skilled in the art in example.
It is " Zhongli 1 " from pear tree, pears seedling selection standard：More than main root 25cm, at least there are 3 lateral roots, lateral roots
More than length 15cm, more than rhizome position rugosity 0.5cm, branch enriches, sprout is full.
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 6, a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " is tree-like as follows：The high 290cm of pear tree, in pear tree center master
Four major branches of dry two layers of the setting in both sides point, set three fruit-bearing shoot clusters on each major branch；Major branch and the base angle of central backbone are
90 °, major branch length is 100cm；The angle of fruitful branch and major branch is 90 °, is in the distance between erectility, fruitful branch
28.57cm；First layer major branch and second layer major branch are highly respectively 50cm and 170cm, and first layer major branch is in second layer major branch
Horizontality.
A kind of tree-like shaping methods of above-mentioned pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", comprise the following steps：
First Year：Pear tree is colonized using north and south row, is that 2m × 3m carries out site preparation according to seeding row spacing, is carried out posture configuration：Often row is every
Every 6m, the pillar that one height is 3.5m is set, pillar is embedded to underground 50cm, and in 50cm, 80cm, 170cm, 200cm of pillar
Place draw one of galvanized wire respectively, for fix tree body, each individual plant major branch and fruitful branch.
After the field planting of First Year spring, carry out determining dry-cure at the high 50cm of pear tree, top stays a young sprout as trunk to prolong
Long shoot, other young sprouts carry out multiple pinching processing, ensure the growth vigor of central backbone.Mid-May every plant of nitrogen fertilizer application 10~
20g, then applied every 1 month N, P, K composite fertilizer, every time every plant apply 20g or so, while strengthen the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is main
Prevent eliminating aphis, the insect such as chafer.The tree body management of First Year be chiefly to facilitate tree body grow tall, trunk overstriking, to ensure to set
Body is upright, and every plant of tree side will found a 2m or so bamboo pole, in tree body bondage to bamboo pole, utilize the supporting role of bamboo pole
Ensure tree body vertical growth.First Year tree body will at least grow to more than 180cm, preferably grow to more than 200cm.At tree body 170cm
Rugosity to grow to more than 1cm.
Second Year：The Second Year after pear tree is colonized, main task are to cultivate 4 major branches of tree body, ensure that major branch is grown to
100cm.Both sides before spring rudiment at the 50cm and 170cm of pear tree central backbone carry out carving bud processing to cultivate 4 masters
Branch, carving bud position will ensure that young sprout direct motion grows, and first layer major branch and second layer major branch are horizontal distribution.For tree body height
The inadequate 170cm major branch that can first cultivate first layer is spent, next year is further cultured for second layer major branch.Young sprout grows to 10cm after bud is carved
When, strut base angle using toothpick so that young sprout is more than 60 ° with central backbone angle, and 50cm or so Shi Jin are grown in young sprout
Row bondage, young sprout is distinguished on the galvanized wire that bondage is 50cm and 170cm to height, move young sprout base angle to 80 °, make young sprout
Head is lifted, and to keep the growth potential of whole young sprout, when young sprout grows to 100cm, moves young sprout base angle to 90 °.Trunk is other
The young sprout at position will carry out drawing branch, and branch angle is greater than the angle of 4 major branches, and the too strong young sprout of growth potential can be carried out repeatedly
Pinching, to ensure the growth vigor of 4 major branches.Whole year can apply N, P, K composite fertilizer 3~5 times, apply 20g or so for every plant every time.
3rd year：
The 3rd year after pear tree is colonized, most of individual plant is yielded positive results, and stays fruit on a small quantity to control tree vigo(u)r, 4 major branches not stay fruit
To keep major branch growth potential prosperous by force.Carry out falling head at pear tree 290cm, falling head will enter when young sprout grows to more than 10cm after rudiment
OK, to avoid germinating the excessive branch of excessive growth；Before spring rudiment, quarter wound is carried out to the back bud of 4 major branches, entered every 28.57cm
Row carves wound once, and each major branch, which is carved to hinder 3 times, inspires young sprout, to cultivate 3 fruitful branches, grows into 30cm in fruitful branch and constantly enters
Row bondage, to keep fruitful branch vertical growth, it is in 90 ° that fruitful branch, which is moved to major branch angle, by first layer fruitful branch bondage to height
Spend on the galvanized wire for 80cm, second layer fruitful branch bondage to height is on 200cm galvanized wire.Whole year can apply N, P, K
Composite fertilizer 3~5 times, apply 20g or so for every plant every time, fruitful branch will at least grow to 120cm.
In the July, the 3rd after pear tree is colonized, 4 major branches corresponding between one adjacent two plant of embodiment are transferred two-by-two
Connect so that full line tree turns into an entirety, and " line of trees " tree-like shaping is completed.
By taking " Zhongli 1 " kind as an example, compare the tree-like parameter of " elongated cylindrical " and " four arm hedge frame shapes ", such as the institute of table 1
Show.
The tree-like parameter comparison of table 1 " elongated cylindrical " and " four arm hedge frame shapes "
" elongated cylindrical " by 10,000 jin of calculating of per mu yield, " four arm hedge frame shapes " presses 5 very heavy calculating of per mu yield, compares the fruit of the two
The real index of quality, as a result as shown in table 2.
The fruit quality and the indicator of costs of table 2 " elongated cylindrical " and " four arm hedge frame shapes " compare
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, " four arm hedge frame shapes " is compared " elongated cylindrical ", and average fruit kind improves 13.6%,
Soluble solid improves 6.5%, and every mu of management cost reduces by 1300 yuan, and every mu of prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control cost reduces by 260 yuan.With
" elongated cylindrical " pursuit premature labor, high yield, high yield are compared, and " four arm hedge frame shapes " pursues premature labor, stable yields, high-quality, low cost height
The cultivation theory of price." elongated cylindrical " is three-dimensional result, therefore the fruit quality of different azimuth has larger difference,
Higher cost is also required in cultivation management." four arm hedge frame shapes " is one side result, and ventilation and penetrating light condition is more preferable, different azimuth fruit
For real quality more closely, flower and fruit management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are more easy, cost is also lower；Because " four arm hedge frame shapes " employs
Vertical growth fruit-bearing shoot cluster, takes full advantage of the polar character of pear tree, and fruit is easier to obtain more preferable nutritional condition, fruit product
Matter is overall higher than " elongated cylindrical ".
Embodiment described above, simply presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, only to explain the present invention, is not limited
The scope of the present invention processed, to those of ordinary skill in the art, certainly can be according to skill disclosed in this specification
Art content, make other embodiments easily by way of replacing or changing, thus it is all in principle and technique bar of the invention
Changes and improvements that part is done etc., it all should be included in scope of the present invention patent.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " is tree-like, it is characterised in that the high 290cm of pear tree, is divided to two in pear tree central backbone both sides
Layer sets four major branches, and three fruit-bearing shoot clusters are set on each major branch；Major branch and the base angle of central backbone are 90 °, major branch length
Spend for 100cm；The angle of fruitful branch and major branch is 90 °, is 28.57cm in the distance between erectility, fruitful branch；First layer
Major branch and second layer major branch are highly respectively 50cm and 170cm, and first layer major branch is horizontal with second layer major branch.
2. the tree-like shaping methods of a kind of pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes ", it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1: the configuration of posture：Every 6m, the pillar that one height is 3.5m is set；50cm, 80cm of pillar, 170cm,
One of galvanized wire is drawn at 200cm respectively, for fix tree body, each individual plant major branch and fruitful branch；
Step 2: First Year shaping：
Pear tree is colonized using north and south row, and seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m, after the field planting of First Year spring, is done surely at the high 50cm of pear tree
Processing, the season of growth only stay a young sprout to extend branch as central backbone, and remaining young sprout sprouted all carries out multiple pinching processing,
Ensure the growth vigor of central backbone, and strengthen water and fertilizer management；
Step 3: Second Year shaping：
The Second Year after pear tree is colonized, the both sides at the 50cm and 170cm of pear tree central backbone carry out carving bud processing, make center
Trunk to cultivate four major branches, and strengthens water and fertilizer management in 50cm and 170cm left and right sides pumping young sprout, promotes young sprout length
Into 100cm major branch；When young sprout grows into 10cm, base angle is strutted using toothpick so that young sprout is more than with central backbone angle
60 °, when young sprout grows to 50cm, young sprout is moved respectively to height to carry out bondage on 50cm and 170cm galvanized wire, will be new
Tip base angle moves 80 ° to, lifts young sprout head, to keep the growth potential of whole young sprout, when young sprout grows to 100cm, by young sprout
Base angle moves 90 ° to；The young sprout at the other positions of central backbone will carry out drawing branch, and branch angle is greater than the angle of four major branches, raw
The too strong young sprout of growing way can carry out multiple pinching, to ensure the horizontal growth advantage of four major branches；
Step 3: shaping in the 3rd year：
The 3rd year after pear tree is colonized, carry out falling head at pear tree 290cm, falling head will be when young sprout grows to more than 10cm after rudiment
Carry out, to avoid germinating the excessive branch of excessive growth；Quarter wound, each major branch are carried out at 28.57cm in the back bud of four major branches
Carve to hinder 3 times and inspire young sprout, to cultivate 3 fruitful branches, strengthen water and fertilizer management, promote young sprout to grow up to 120cm fruitful branches；In result
Branch growth is to bondage is carried out during 30cm, to keep fruitful branch vertical growth, it is in 90 ° that fruitful branch, which is moved to major branch angle, by first
On the galvanized wire that layer fruitful branch bondage is 80cm to height, second layer fruitful branch bondage to the galvanized wire that height is 200cm
On.
3. shaping methods of the one kind based on pear tree " four arm hedge frame shapes " tree-like " line of trees ", it is characterised in that be colonized in pear tree
In the beginning of July, the 3rd afterwards, 4 major branches between adjacent individual plant in every row tree are carried out grafting two-by-two, make every row tree whole as one
Body.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN108575528A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-28 | 贵州金泽地绿色产品开发有限责任公司 | The short plant manufacturing process of one planting fruit-trees and high density orchard method of construction |
| CN108812019A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 陈超 | A kind of dense planting, high yield Pear trees shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN109121953A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Based on the Pear trees shape and shaping methods for inspiring side shoot |
| CN109156245A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant |
| CN112400594A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-02-26 | 海南全丰一棵树农业科技有限公司 | Shaping and cultivating structure and shaping method for Chinese character feng-shaped fruit trees |
| CN112806204A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form |
| CN113728860A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307903A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-24 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | A kind of tree-like cultivation system of fig and cultural method |
| CN108812019A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 陈超 | A kind of dense planting, high yield Pear trees shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN108575528A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-09-28 | 贵州金泽地绿色产品开发有限责任公司 | The short plant manufacturing process of one planting fruit-trees and high density orchard method of construction |
| CN109121953A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-04 | 山东省果树研究所 | Based on the Pear trees shape and shaping methods for inspiring side shoot |
| CN109156245A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of peach dry hedge wall shape shaping methods more than one plant |
| CN109156245B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-12-18 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree |
| CN112806204A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form |
| CN112400594A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-02-26 | 海南全丰一棵树农业科技有限公司 | Shaping and cultivating structure and shaping method for Chinese character feng-shaped fruit trees |
| CN113728860A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof |
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