CN114568140B

CN114568140B - Cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stock

Info

Publication number: CN114568140B
Application number: CN202210220738.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李洪立; 胡文斌; 王绍斌; 洪青梅; 李婧
Original assignee: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
Current assignee: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
Priority date: 2022-03-08
Filing date: 2022-03-08
Publication date: 2023-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-08
Also published as: CN114568140A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of dragon fruit seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks. By adopting the method for cultivating the stock, the aged shoots are cultivated through cutting and then used for grafting the dragon fruit, the obtained stock intermediate woody layer is aged slowly and keeps better activity, the stock activity is strong, the stock nutrition is sufficient during grafting, the contact surface with grafting buds is large, the grafting buds are easy to heal after grafting, the growth speed is high, the method can adapt to various different grafting modes, the positive promotion effect is provided for cultivating the dragon fruit seedlings, and the cultivation of the dragon fruit seedlings is greatly facilitated.

Description

Cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stock

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dragon fruit seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks.

Background

In the process of cultivating dragon fruit seedlings, grafting is often required in order to shorten the seedling cultivation period. The quality and growth condition of the stock are key factors for ensuring the grafting survival rate. The traditional dragon fruit stock has poor vitality, is not easy to heal after grafting, has slow growth, can not graft various different buds and ears, and greatly restricts the development of dragon fruit seedling raising work. Therefore, the cultivation of high-quality stocks plays a decisive role in the cultivation of dragon fruit seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks, which effectively solves the problems of the dragon fruit stocks, is beneficial to quick cultivation of dragon fruit seedlings and is suitable for grafting in various grafting modes.

A cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stock comprises the following steps:

(1) Cutting off a dragon fruit stock for cutting;

(2) After the bud at the top of the stock grows out after cutting, the twig is cross-sectioned, all glares on the twig and the stock are removed, and the grafting can be used after the shoot is continuously cultivated and aged.

Further, in the step (1), the cut dragon fruit stock is 30-40 cm.

Further, in the step (2), the bud at the top end of the stock grows to 50 cm.

Further, in the step (2), the shoots are cut off at a distance of 20 cm from the stock.

Further, in the step (2), after the glaring on the shoots and the stocks is removed, the cultivation is continued for 90 days.

The dragon fruit stock cultivated by the cultivation method is applied to dragon fruit grafting.

Further, in the application, the dragon fruit grafting method is flush grafting, abutting grafting, grafting or split grafting.

Further, in the described application, the scions used are shoots or branch segments.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

by adopting the method for cultivating the stock, the aged shoots are cultivated through cutting and then used for grafting the dragon fruits, the obtained stock intermediate woody layer is aged slowly and keeps better activity, the stock activity is strong, the stock nutrition is sufficient during grafting, the contact surface with grafted buds is large, the grafted buds are easy to heal, the growth speed is high, and the cultivation of the dragon fruit seedlings is greatly facilitated.

The stock cultivated by the method can be grafted to different buds (for example, tender buds sowed by seedlings, branch sections of dragon fruits and the like) and different grafting methods (for example, butt grafting, abutting grafting, bud grafting, split grafting and the like), can adapt to various different grafting modes, and has positive promotion effect on cultivation of dragon fruit seedlings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a stock with shoots;

FIG. 2 is a cut rootstock shoot;

FIG. 3 is a stock with the spines removed and shoots;

FIG. 4 is an intermediate woody layer aged shoot;

fig. 5 is a cross-section of an aged shoot of an intermediate wood layer.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

(1) Cutting 30 cm of dragon fruit stock, and cutting for later use;

(2) After cutting, cutting the bud shoot at the top end of the stock until the shoot grows to 50 cm, and crossing at the position 20 cm away from the stock; eliminating all the glaring on the twig and the stock, as no bud thorn exists, the germination of the twig is limited, the twig can be continuously enlarged, the middle woody layer of the stock is aged slowly and keeps better activity, and the stock can become the universal stock of the dragon fruit after being continuously cultivated for 90 days, thereby being suitable for various grafting methods.

Example 2

(1) Cutting 35 cm of dragon fruit stock, and cutting for later use;

Example 3

(1) Cutting 40 cm of dragon fruit stock, and cutting for later use;

The stock cultivated by the cultivation mode can be used for grafting operation of various scions, for example, tender buds sowed by seedlings, branch sections of dragon fruits and the like can be used as scions, and grafting methods such as flat grafting, abutting grafting, bud grafting, split grafting and the like can achieve good grafting effects.

1. Investigation of stock grafting effect cultivated by the invention

The stock was cultivated by the method described in examples 1-3, the dragon fruit grafting experiment was performed by selecting 4 grafting methods commonly used, grafting was performed by using branch segment materials as scions and different methods, 100 scions were grafted in each grafting mode, and the grafting survival rate was counted, and the specific results are shown in table 1.

Wherein grafting survival rate (%) =survival scion number/total grafting scion number of 100%

Table 1 statistics of grafting survival rates for different grafting methods

As can be seen from Table 1, for the 4 grafting methods used in the experiment, the stock cultivated by the method provided by the invention can realize a higher grafting survival rate and has a higher application value.

In order to facilitate the comparison of experimental effects, other experiments in the application all adopt dragon fruit branch sections as scions, and grafting modes are all flush grafting.

2. Optimization of stock cultivation conditions

According to the conditions of stock cultivation, different parameters are respectively set, the grafting survival rate (%) is counted, the time (day) from grafting to new bud growth and the time (day) from grafting to flowering and fruit bearing are required, and the stock cultivation conditions are optimized. 100 scions were grafted for each treatment. The specific method and the statistical result are as follows.

(1) Effect of stock length on grafting

Selecting the same batch of dragon fruit stocks, cutting the dragon fruit stocks into different lengths, cultivating the stocks according to the operation method of the embodiment 1, simultaneously grafting dragon fruit scions of the same variety by adopting a butt grafting method, and comparing the influence of the length of the stocks on grafting. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 2 influence of stock length on grafting

Length of stock	Grafting survival rate (%)	Time (day) for new buds to grow out	Flowering and fruit bearing time (Tian)
				20 cm	81	25	165
25 cm	83	25	165
				30 cm	90	22	162
35 cm	92	22	162
				40 cm	92	21	161

As shown in Table 1, the length of the stock is 30 cm, and the grafting survival rate can reach 90%. The longer the length of the stock, the higher the grafting survival rate, the time for the scion to grow new tender buds is also gradually shortened, and the time from the day of grafting to flowering and fruit bearing is also gradually shortened. However, the longer the length of the stock, the higher the economic and time costs required for cultivation, and therefore, the present invention preferably uses a stock of 30-40 cm length for cutting.

(2) Influence of the length of the rootstock twig on the grafting survival rate

The same batch of 30 cm length stocks are selected, cultivation is carried out according to the method of the embodiment 1, after the twigs grow to different lengths, the twigs are transversely cut at the position 20 cm away from the stocks, then the same dragon fruit scions are grafted by the same method, and the influence of the twigs on grafting is compared. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 3 effect of shoot length on grafting

Length of the rootstock twig	Grafting survival rate (%)	Time (day) for new buds to grow out
			20 cm	75	19
30 cm	90	15
			40 cm	91	17
50 cm	95	17
			60 cm	76	18

As can be seen from table 3, the length of the shoots is less than 50 cm, and the grafting survival rate gradually increases with the increase of the length of the shoots of the stock. The length of the tender branch of the stock exceeds 60 cm, the survival rate of grafting is reduced, and the time for growing new tender buds is prolonged to different degrees. Therefore, in order to achieve the aim of taking the grafting survival rate and the time for growing new twigs into account, the invention cuts off the twigs when the length of the twigs is 30-50 cm.

(3) Influence of the cutting length of the tender branch of the stock on the grafting survival rate

Selecting the same batch of stocks, cutting according to the same method, cutting at different lengths of the branches from the stocks after the branches are 50 cm long, cultivating according to the method of the embodiment 1, simultaneously grafting by adopting the same operation method, and comparing the influence of the cutting length on grafting. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 4 Effect of shoot cut Length on grafting

Length of the rootstock twig	Grafting survival rate (%)	Time (day) for new buds to grow out
			5 cm	80	18
10 cm	83	18
			15 cm	85	17
20 cm	95	15
			25 cm	95	15
30 cm	96	15

As shown in Table 4, when the cutting length of the shoots is 20-30 cm, the grafting survival rate can be kept high, and the time required for growing new buds can be shortened to some extent.

(4) Influence of the degree of ageing on grafting

The same batch of stocks is selected, cutting cultivation is carried out according to the method of the embodiment 1, after the cutting of the tender branches, the tender branches are cultivated for different times respectively to age to different degrees, grafting is carried out according to the same mode, and the influence of the aging degree on grafting is compared. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 5 effect of shoot aging on grafting

Cultivation time	Grafting survival rate (%)	Time (day) for new buds to grow out
			For 15 days	65	18
For 30 days	70	17
			50 days	80	17
For 70 days	82	17
			90 days	95	15
For 110 days	81	16
			130 days	80	18

As shown in Table 5, the cultivation time after cutting the shoots for 90 days was less than that of other treatment groups, and it was difficult to achieve the above-mentioned effects, as well as the higher grafting survival rate was maintained and the time required for the buds to grow new buds was shorter or longer. Therefore, the time for aging cultivation of the rootstock twig is selected to be cultivated for 90 days.

3. Influence of different stock treatment methods on grafting

Respectively taking dragon fruit plants which are cultivated in the same batch and have similar growth conditions, cultivating stocks according to different methods, grafting dragon fruit scions of the same variety according to the same method, and comparing the influence of different methods on the dragon fruit grafting effect. 100 scions were set for each protocol.

Scheme 1: the stock is not subjected to cutting and is directly grafted on the plant.

Scheme 2: the stock is subjected to cuttage, and after the tender branch is cultivated, the stock is directly grafted.

Scheme 3: the stock was not cut, but before grafting, shoots were cultivated, cut and aged according to the method of example 1, and grafted onto the shoots.

Scheme 4: after the shoots were cultivated by cutting of the stock, the aged shoots were cultivated without cutting the shoots, and grafting was performed on the shoots according to the method of example 1.

Scheme 5: according to the method of example 1, the stock is cut after the shoots are cultivated, but the shoots are directly grafted on the shoots without aging cultivation.

Scheme 6: reference is made to the process of example 1.

Scheme 7: reference is made to the process of example 2.

Scheme 8: reference is made to the process of example 3.

The effect of different stock cultivation methods on the grafting survival rate of dragon fruits is counted by grafting according to each scheme, and the table is shown below.

TABLE 6 influence of different grafting methods on grafting survival of Dragon fruit

As shown in Table 6, the stock grafting survival rate cultivated by the method of the 3 embodiment groups of the invention can reach more than 96 percent and is obviously higher than that of other treatment groups. The method for cultivating the dragon fruit stock can effectively improve the survival rate of dragon fruit grafting.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The cultivation method of the high-quality dragon fruit stock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Cutting off a dragon fruit stock for cutting;

(2) After the bud at the top end of the stock grows out after cutting, traversing the tender branch, removing all glares on the tender branch and the stock, and continuously culturing until the tender branch ages for grafting;

in the step (2), the shoot at the top end of the stock grows to 50 cm;

in the step (1), the cut dragon fruit stock is 30-40 cm;

in the step (2), cutting off the tender branch at a position 20 cm away from the stock; after removing the glaring on the shoots and the stock, the cultivation is continued for 90 days.

2. Use of a dragon fruit stock cultivated by the cultivation method according to claim 1 in dragon fruit grafting.

3. The use of claim 2, wherein said method of grafting dragon fruit is flush grafting, butt grafting, bud grafting or cleft grafting.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the scion is a bud or a branch.