CN114431066B - Production method of functional grape - Google Patents

Production method of functional grape Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114431066B
CN114431066B CN202210225374.8A CN202210225374A CN114431066B CN 114431066 B CN114431066 B CN 114431066B CN 202210225374 A CN202210225374 A CN 202210225374A CN 114431066 B CN114431066 B CN 114431066B
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grape
branch
inflorescence
auxiliary
management
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CN114431066A (en
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司鹏
吴国良
许领军
于会丽
王磊
吴文江
徐国益
楚蕾
邵微
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Henan Agricultural University
Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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Henan Agricultural University
Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute CAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and provides a production method of functional grapes. The method comprises three steps of inflorescence shaping, young sprout management and fertilization management. By adopting the inflorescence shaping method, the working efficiency of inflorescence shaping can be improved, the working efficiency of fruit setting and fruit thinning can be improved, the labor investment can be reduced to a great extent, and the production cost of grape fine clusters can be reduced. Meanwhile, due to the simplification of the technology, the grape cultivation method is suitable for production workers of various ages to learn, and provides powerful guarantee for large-scale production of fine clusters of grapes; the method for managing the young shoots is simple and easy to learn and operate, the managed shelf surfaces are not closed, and the leaves are not easy to infect leaf diseases in rainy seasons; the fertilizer application management of the invention can lead the content of organic selenium in grape fruits to be 4-6 times of that of control, and the maximum content can reach 54 mug.kg ‑1 The selenium-rich level was reached at 6 times that of the control.

Description

Production method of functional grape
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a production method of functional grapes.
Background
In recent years, in all fruit tree industries, grape production is fast and yields are high, and the grape production becomes a tree species with a fast development speed in fruit tree production. In particular to the non-nucleated grape variety and the non-nucleated cultivation of the nucleated variety which are introduced from abroad in recent years, and the production of some fine fruits becomes the main content in the grape production. In recent years, with the gradual improvement of living standard, people pay more attention to health maintenance, and the production of functional grapes is also more important. When functional grape fine-quality clusters are produced, a great deal of manual links are needed for inflorescence shaping and thinning. Many vineyards currently cannot produce fine fruit clusters due to insufficient manual investment. In order to produce fine clusters, a great amount of manpower is input into a vineyard for inflorescence shaping and fruit thinning treatment after fruit setting, and particularly, the most manpower is input for fruit thinning work. The management of young shoots before and after grape setting also requires a great deal of manual work.
In addition, most of the grape production processes adopt inflorescence shaping methods, which are also early shaping methods, so that the shaping work efficiency is low, and the fruit thinning workload after fruit setting is also great. Traditional side tip management mainly includes two kinds: firstly, reserving 2-3 leaves for repeatedly picking cores of the auxiliary shoots sent out from the new shoots in the growing season, secondly, reserving one leaf for the auxiliary shoots sent out from the new shoots in the growing season, and removing winter buds and Xia Ya in leaf axils. The traditional auxiliary tip management is labor-consuming, leaves are more in reserved tender leaves, and leaf diseases are easy to infect in seasons with more rainwater, so that the grape production is very unfavorable. If the inflorescence shaping method and the young shoot management method are not improved, a great amount of labor is invested in fruit thinning and young shoot management work by the traditional technology, and the development and benefit of the grape industry are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a production method of functional grapes, which is simple, time-saving, labor-saving and capable of reducing occurrence of leaf diseases.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a production method of functional grapes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Inflorescence shaping: when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, removing the main spike, and utilizing the auxiliary spike result; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, cutting off other inflorescences and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, adopting a method that 2-3 branches are left on the upper surface, 1-2 branches are left on the lower surface, and the middle branch is removed; when the lengths of the branch stems and the auxiliary spikes on the grape inflorescences are less than 2cm, adopting a spike tip reserving method;
(2) Pin management: when grape Xia Ya auxiliary tips just germinate, all auxiliary tips on the new tips are erased, only leaves on the new tips are reserved, the distance between every two leaves on the new tips is kept to be 8-10 cm, and ventilation is kept;
(3) And (3) fertilization management: and spraying selenium fertilizer liquid 3-5 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before picking.
Preferably, the spraying mode in the step (3) is foliage spraying, the spraying times are 2-4 times, the interval time between every two spraying is 7-10 d, and the spraying amount is 300-500 mL/plant;
the selenium fertilizer liquid takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 30-50 mg/L sodium selenite.
Preferably, the variety of grapes includes 'summer black', 'moonlight nugget', 'summer sun', 'megarose', 'buddhist fragrance', 'sun rose', 'megapeak', 'mordowa', 'pink sub-capital honey', 'merger finger' and 'red earth'.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention considers from the global aspect of grape production, not only the inflorescence shaping management of the grape is considered, but also the management of fruit setting and thinning work and fertilization management are considered. The management work of the three is combined, so that the production of high-quality functional grapes is guaranteed.
2. When the inflorescence is shaped, the corresponding inflorescence shaping method is adopted according to the specific shape of inflorescence growth, so that the working efficiency of inflorescence shaping can be improved, the working efficiency of fruit thinning after fruit setting can be improved, the labor input can be reduced to a great extent, and the production cost of grape fine fruit clusters is reduced. Meanwhile, due to the simplification of the technology, the grape cluster picking machine is suitable for production workers of various ages to learn, and provides powerful guarantee for large-scale production of fine grape clusters.
3. The method for managing the young shoots is simple and easy to learn and operate, the managed shelf surface is not closed, and the leaves are not easy to infect leaf diseases in rainy seasons.
4. The fertilizer application management of the invention can lead the content of organic selenium in grape fruits to be 4-6 times of that of control, and the maximum content can reach 54 mug.kg -1 The selenium-rich level was reached at 6 times that of the control.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a production method of functional grapes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Inflorescence shaping: when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, removing the main spike, and utilizing the auxiliary spike result; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, cutting off other inflorescences and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, adopting a method that 2-3 branches are left on the upper surface, 1-2 branches are left on the lower surface, and the middle branch is removed; when the lengths of the branch stems and the auxiliary spikes on the grape inflorescences are less than 2cm, adopting a spike tip reserving method;
(2) Pin management: when grape Xia Ya auxiliary tips just germinate, all auxiliary tips on the new tips are erased, only leaves on the new tips are reserved, the distance between every two leaves on the new tips is kept to be 8-10 cm, and ventilation is kept;
(3) And (3) fertilization management: and spraying selenium fertilizer liquid 3-5 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before picking.
In the invention, in the step (1), when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, the main spike is removed, and the auxiliary spike result is utilized; preferably, when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 10cm, the main spike is removed, and the auxiliary spike result is utilized; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; preferably, when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 8cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, other inflorescences are cut off, and the branch is singly reserved, preferably when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5.5cm, other inflorescences are cut off, and the branch is singly reserved; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, the method of reserving 2-3 branches on the upper surface and 1-2 branches on the lower surface and removing the middle branch is adopted, preferably when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2.5cm, the method of reserving 3 branches on the upper surface and 2 branches on the lower surface and removing the middle branch is adopted.
In the present invention, the distance between the blades on each of the two pins in the step (2) is maintained at 8-10 cm, and more preferably, the distance between the blades on each of the two pins is maintained at 9 cm.
In the invention, in the step (3), the selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed from 3 to 5 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before picking, and more preferably, the selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed from 4 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before picking.
In the present invention, the spraying mode in the step (3) is preferably foliar spraying, the number of spraying is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3, and the interval time between each two spraying is preferably 7 to 10d, more preferably 8d, and the spraying amount is preferably 300 to 500 mL/plant, more preferably 400 mL/plant.
In the invention, the selenium fertilizer liquid in the step (3) takes water as a solvent, and preferably comprises the following components in concentration: the sodium selenite is 30-50 mg/L, and further preferably comprises the following components in concentration: sodium selenite 40mg/L.
In the present invention, the variety of the grape preferably includes 'summer black', 'moonlight seedless', 'summer sunlight', 'giant rose', 'drunk gold', 'sunlight rose', 'giant mountain', 'Morduo Wash', 'pink sub-capital honey', 'American finger' and 'red earth'.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The following management was performed using the 'summer black' grape of the city of zheng, heng, water town, tiger, guan ecological garden as a test subject.
(1) Inflorescence shaping: when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, removing the main spike, and utilizing the auxiliary spike result; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, cutting off other inflorescences and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, adopting a method that 3 branches are reserved on the upper surface, 2 branches are reserved on the lower surface, and the middle branch is removed; when the lengths of the branch stems and the auxiliary spikes on the grape inflorescences are less than 2cm, adopting a spike tip reserving method;
(2) Pin management: when grape Xia Ya auxiliary tips just germinate, all auxiliary tips on the new tips are erased, only leaves on the new tips are reserved, the distance between every two leaves on the new tips is kept to be 9cm, and ventilation is kept;
(3) And (3) fertilization management: 3 times of selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on leaf surfaces from 4 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before grape fruit picking, the interval time between every two times of spraying is 8d, the spraying amount is 400 mL/plant, the selenium fertilizer liquid takes water as a solvent, and the selenium fertilizer liquid comprises the following components in concentration: sodium selenite 40mg/L.
Example 2
The following management was performed using the 'giant rose' grape of the Guangdong ecological garden, zhengzhou, henan as a test subject.
(1) Inflorescence shaping: when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, removing the main spike, and utilizing the auxiliary spike result; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, cutting off other inflorescences and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, adopting a method that 3 branches are reserved on the upper surface, 2 branches are reserved on the lower surface, and the middle branch is removed; when the lengths of the branch stems and the auxiliary spikes on the grape inflorescences are less than 2cm, adopting a spike tip reserving method;
(2) Pin management: when grape Xia Ya auxiliary tips just germinate, all auxiliary tips on the new tips are erased, only leaves on the new tips are reserved, the distance between every two leaves on the new tips is kept to be 9cm, and ventilation is kept;
(3) And (3) fertilization management: 3 times of selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on leaf surfaces from 4 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before grape fruit picking, the interval time between every two times of spraying is 8d, the spraying amount is 400 mL/plant, the selenium fertilizer liquid takes water as a solvent, and the selenium fertilizer liquid comprises the following components in concentration: sodium selenite 40mg/L.
Comparative example 1
The grape variety and the rest of the management steps remain the same as in example 1, except that the inflorescence shaping adopts the traditional shaping mode.
Comparative example 2
The grape variety and the rest of the management steps were the same as in example 2, except that the shoot management used the sub shoots sent out from the shoots during the growing season, leaving 2 leaves for repeated pinching.
Comparative example 3
The grape variety and the rest of the management steps were the same as in example 2 except that the shoot management used a mode of keeping a piece of leaf for the side shoots sent out on the shoots in the growing season and removing winter buds and summer buds in the axilla.
Comparative example 4
The grape variety and remaining management steps remain the same as in example 1 except that the fertilization management uses conventional fertilization treatment (refer to the standardized management protocol for fresh grapes in Henan province).
Experimental example 1
Using example 1 and comparative example 1 as examples, the inflorescence shaping time and the fruit thinning time after fruit setting of the different inflorescence shaping methods were compared, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 inflorescence shaping time for different inflorescence shaping methods and fruit thinning time after fruit setting
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the conventional shaping method, the inflorescence shaping method of the invention not only shortens the time required for inflorescence shaping obviously, but also shortens the time for thinning fruits, thereby improving the production efficiency of grapes obviously.
Experimental example 2
Taking example 2, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 as examples, the number of times of management and the difficulty of actual field operation performed by the different methods of managing young shoots, and the degree of infection of the young shoots to the grape trellis and the leaf diseases were compared, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of different methods of shoot management
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the comparative example, the shoot management method of the invention is simple and easy to learn, simple to operate, and the managed shelf surface is not closed, and the leaves are not easy to infect leaf diseases in rainy season.
Experimental example 3
Using example 1 and comparative example 4 as examples, the effect of different fertilization management on the organic selenium content in grape fruits was compared and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different fertilization management on organic selenium content in grape fruits
Grouping Organic selenium content (μg kg) -1 )
Example 1 38～54
Comparative example 4 5～9
As is clear from Table 3, the fertilizer application management of the present invention can make the content of organic selenium in grape fruits 4-6 times that of the control, up to 54. Mu.g.kg -1 The selenium-rich level was reached at 6 times that of the control.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The production method of the functional grape is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Inflorescence shaping: when the length of the auxiliary spike of the grape inflorescence is 9-12 cm, removing the main spike, and utilizing the auxiliary spike result; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 7-9 cm, removing the auxiliary spike and the rest main spikes, and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 5-6 cm, cutting off other inflorescences and independently retaining the branch; when the length of the branch on the grape inflorescence is 2-3 cm, adopting a method that 2-3 branches are left on the upper surface, 1-2 branches are left on the lower surface, and the middle branch is removed; when the lengths of the branch stems and the auxiliary spikes on the grape inflorescences are less than 2cm, adopting a spike tip reserving method;
(2) Pin management: when grape Xia Ya auxiliary tips just germinate, all auxiliary tips on the new tips are erased, only leaves on the new tips are reserved, the distance between every two leaves on the new tips is kept to be 8-10 cm, and ventilation is kept;
(3) And (3) fertilization management: spraying selenium fertilizer liquid 3-5 weeks after grape fruit setting to one month before picking;
the spraying mode in the step (3) is foliage spraying, the spraying times are 2-4 times, the interval time between every two spraying is 7-10 d, and the spraying amount is 300-500 mL/plant;
the selenium fertilizer liquid takes water as a solvent and comprises the following components in concentration: 30-50 mg/L sodium selenite;
the variety of the grape is 'summer black', 'moonlight nude', 'summer sunlight', 'giant rose', 'drunk golden fragrance', 'sunlight rose', 'giant mountain', 'Morduowa', 'pink sub-capital honey', 'American finger' or 'red earth'.
CN202210225374.8A 2022-03-07 2022-03-07 Production method of functional grape Active CN114431066B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103621373A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-12 浙江大学 Sunrose grape flower/ fruit cluster pruning method
CN104170672A (en) * 2014-09-03 2014-12-03 镇江万山红遍农业园 Black Baladuo grape fruit cracking prevention method
CN105052670A (en) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-18 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Method for preventing outdoor seedless cultivated Kyoho grapes from cracking

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103621373A (en) * 2013-11-25 2014-03-12 浙江大学 Sunrose grape flower/ fruit cluster pruning method
CN104170672A (en) * 2014-09-03 2014-12-03 镇江万山红遍农业园 Black Baladuo grape fruit cracking prevention method
CN105052670A (en) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-18 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Method for preventing outdoor seedless cultivated Kyoho grapes from cracking

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
葡萄花序整形修剪技术;许领军等;《果农之友》;20180501(第05期);第20页 *

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