CN103621373A - Sunrose grape flower/ fruit cluster pruning method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunrose grape flower/fruit cluster pruning method. The method for processing each flower/fruit luster includes the following steps that firstly, a flower cluster is pruned in a flower early stage, only a cluster top which is 3.5cm to 5cm long is reserved and the rest of small flower clusters on the flower cluster are cut off; secondly, the sizes of the fruit clusters are adjusted, on the fifteenth day after blooming, the fruit clusters are pruned so as to make the size of the fruit clusters uniform and effectively adjust the capacities of plants; thirdly, fruit thinning is carried out; fruit thinning is usually carried out 16 days to 20 days after blooming and the overall fruit remaining capacity of each fruit cluster is controlled to be within 32 to 53; fourthly, the capacities are adjusted; one month after blooming, two strings of fruit clusters are reserved on a young shoot which is more than 100cm long, one string of fruit clusters are reserved on a young shoot with the length ranging from 50cm to 100cm and no fruit clusters are left for a young shoot with the length less than 50cm. By means of the method, the weight of each fruit can be 12g to 15g and the yield of each fruit cluster ranges from 500g to 650g.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of sunlight rose grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, comprises ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe shaping and fruit thinning grain.
Background technology
' sunlight rose ' grape new varieties with ' Bai Nan ' cross breeding that are Japanese fruit tree research institute with No. 21, Tianjin ' peace rue '.Pericarp yellow green, 12～4 grams of single fruit weights, pol more than 19%, fruit can belt leather eat, can denuclearization cultivation easily, have a strong Moschus local flavor, storage tolerance, be the kind of in Japan wideling popularize in recent years, after introducing China, in many areas, plant experimentally, at present relevant supporting culture technique have not been reported, and generally still continues to use some traditional technical skills.Colored fringe shaping work such as before thinking little of blooming, causes flowering time inhomogeneous, and fruit size grain is serious, has strengthened fruit thinning workload after this etc.In production process, find, ' sunlight rose ' grape shape defect flower fringe is a lot, and cob is crooked; The elongation growth of duration of flowering flower fringe, first end fruit grain is beared fruit and is occurred badly, and the excision of fringe point can strengthen fruit ear cross growth, gives that ' sunlight rose ' is stable to bear fruit and exterior quality is produced and brought difficulty.At present these problems for this kind yet there are no bibliographical information, therefore, solve the colored fringe shaping before blooming and bear fruit after fruit thinning method for the grape of production high-quality, play very important effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of ' sunlight rose ' grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method; Adopt method of the present invention can obtain high-quality and efficient denuclearization grape; Guarantee that single fruit grain weight is more than 12～15 grams, the output of each fruit ear is 500-650 gram of left and right.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe shaping and trimming method, each flower/fruit ear is carried out to following steps successively:
1), spend fringe shaping:
At initial bloom stage when the flowers are in blossom (full garden have 5%), flower fringe is carried out to shaping; Reason is: when flower fringe shaping is long, there will be cob crooked, bloom inconsistent, fruit thinning amount large and/or fruit drop phenomenon;
Shaping comprises the following steps:
1., stay fringe point:
Only retain the long fringe point of 3.5cm～5.0cm (flower fringe tip), all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe are done to excision and process;
2., whether the fringe point being retained (flower fringe tip) be there is the judgement of improper growth; When following arbitrary situation appears in fringe point (flower fringe tip), be judged to be improper: have two stocks forks, band shape flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little; Processing is excised in above-mentioned improper position;
Remarks explanation: after the growth of fringe point, also can become the little Hua fringe of cluster cluster;
After little Hua fringe+fringe point of cob+cluster cluster, general name is flower fringe;
While having fruit grain length to go out on little Hua fringe, little Hua fringe is renamed as a stalk, and whole colored fringe is renamed as fruit ear;
2), fruit ear size is adjusted:
The 15th day of Sheng Huahou (full garden 85% the flowers are in blossom), carries out shaping to fruit ear, and object makes become big or small uniformity effectively regulate plant load capacity of fruit ear; Specific practice is: a stalk for fruit ear tip and/or fruit ear upper end is wiped out to processing, is that 9.5～11.0cm and a stalk number are 12～15 thereby make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment;
The 15th day cob of remarks explanation: Sheng Huahou (the flowers are in blossom in full garden 85%) generally reaches 10～19cm;
3), fruit thinning:
After Sheng is spent, within 16～20 days, carry out fruit thinning, thereby every, a stalk of 3～5 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2～3 of fruits, near every, the stalk of 2～4 of fruit ear upper end, stay 4～5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3～4 of fruits; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32～53 (that is, are generally 35～50, allow to fluctuate 2～3);
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng is spent latter 1 month, and young sprout more than length 100cm stays young sprout that 2 string fruit ears, length are 50～100cm to stay 1 string fruit ear, length to be less than 50cm young sprout and do not stay fruit ear; Follow " strong 2, in 1, weakly do not stay " principle.
Remarks explanation: young sprout refers to the branch of pumping then; The branch that can bear fruit must be the branch that pumping goes out then (young sprout), and they are all to release from the branch of upper one year.
Improvement as ' sunlight rose ' of the present invention grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method: the vegetables and fruits of step 3) are to remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and bury the fruit in fruit ear inside.
Further improvement as ' sunlight rose ' of the present invention grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method:
In described step 1), retain the long fringe point of 4.0cm;
Described step 2), in, the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment is that 10.0cm and a stalk number are 13～14;
In described step 3), control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 40 ± 2.
Further improvement as ' sunlight rose ' of the present invention grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method:
In described step 1), retain the long fringe point of 4.5cm;
Described step 2), in, the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment is that 10.5cm and a stalk number are 15;
In described step 3), control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3.
In the present invention:
Step 1) judge that the fringe point (flower fringe tip) to being retained adopts when whether normal " two stocks forks, banded flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little " be the conventional term of the industry; Specifically can be as follows:
Band shape is flat refers to that the cob near fringe ogival occurs that ribbon grain now generally also appears in flat phenomenon (major diameter/minor axis≤1); And normal cob should be cylindric.
Attenuate rapidly and refer to the cob diameter near fringe ogival: cob diameter≤50% of fringe point base portion.
Bud is very little refers to the bud volume near fringe ogival: bud volume≤70% of fringe point base portion, exists ateliosis or the phenomenon such as not full that is.
In the fruit thinning of step 3):
Fruitlet refers to that carpopodium is elongated, and fruit is just being justified or be oblate, the fruit that stature is less and the later stage can not expand substantially.Normal fruit now should be that carpopodium is thicker, vertical footpath/transverse diameter >=1, and such fruit could expand in the future again.
Step 3) is that the standard of single fruit weight 12-15 gram is adjusted according to the heavy 500-650 gram of fringe.That is, contain and spend rear 16-20 days, 1 string fruit ear stays 35-50 grain fruit (2-3 grain fluctuates).Remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and bury the fruit in fruit ear inside.Fruit being substantially arranged as on fruit ear: 4～5, stalk (being generally a stalk of 2～4, is near fruit ear upper end) is propped up on top, stalk 4-3 grain is propped up at middle part, and 3～2, stalk (being generally the stalk that props up of 3～5, is near fruit ear tip) is propped up in bottom.
Step 4) is the gas product flow readjustment fruit ear quantity according to every square metre of 2.0-2.2 kilogram.Load capacity too much can cause postpone picking time and fruit pol reduces, and is now the extremely important period of gas product flow readjustment.
Lime light when the present invention applies:
1, method of the present invention is applicable to the colored fringe shaping under ' sunlight rose ' denuclearization cultivation condition.Especially be applicable to planting culture or the earsh technical method unstable, that fruit grain expands under unfavorable condition of bearing fruit.
While 2, using the inventive method, before denuclearization processing, (10-15 days before blooming) do not need to elongate colored fringe.
Except the processing step parameter that step 1)～step 4) of the present invention is refered in particular to, all the other carry out according to " step 1-3 " in the summary of the invention of the liquor-saturated golden preserved fragrant grape denuclearization processing method > > of the patent of having published (ZL20111097764.3) < < the planting technique of grape.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, overcome that ' sunlight rose ' flower fringe is crooked, the sharp shortcoming such as bad of bearing fruit of fringe;
2, spend fringe shaping before blooming, make the neat and consistent of blooming, reduced bear fruit after fruit there is the serious inhomogeneous problem of large granule, thereby reduce fruit thinning workload 50-80%;
3, the fruit ear shaping after bearing fruit, be conducive to fruit grain expand and the output of unit are is effectively controlled, guarantee the inside and outside quality of fruit and commodity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the colored fringe shaping schematic diagram before blooming;
Fig. 2 is for containing the fruit ear shaping schematic diagram of spending latter 15 days;
Fig. 3 spends rear staying for 16～20 days really to measure schematic diagram (fruit grain number in figure on each stalk of numeral) for containing;
Remarks explanation: cob length+fruit length=fruit ear is long.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, a kind of ' sunlight rose ' grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, carry out following steps successively to each flower/fruit ear:
1), spend fringe shaping:
At ' sunlight rose ' grape initial bloom stage (when bloom in full garden 5%), flower fringe is carried out to shaping; Shaping comprises the following steps:
1., stay fringe point,
Only retain the long fringe point of 3.5cm, all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe are done to excision and process;
2., to the fringe point being retained (flower fringe tip), whether exist improper growth to judge: when fringe point (flower fringe tip) arbitrary situation below appearance, to be judged to be improper:
Fringe ogival occur two stocks forks, banded flat or attenuate rapidly, bud is very little.Processing is excised in above-mentioned improper position.
Remarks explanation: normal situation is that cob is straight and bud large and neat.
2) fruit ear size is adjusted:
Sheng Huahou (the flowers are in blossom in full garden 85%) 15 days, carries out shaping to fruit ear; Object makes become big or small uniformity effectively regulate plant load capacity of fruit ear.Be specially:
Fruit ear tip and/or fruit ear upper end are wiped out to processing, are that 9.5cm and a stalk number are 12 thereby make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment; Bad the stalk thereby bear fruit in realization retraction long, excessive of fruit ear top stalk and fruit ear bottom, makes fruit ear shape be oval tubular.
3) fruit thinning:
Within 16-20 days after Sheng is spent, carry out fruit thinning, remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and bury the fruit in fruit ear inside.Be specially: thus every, a stalk of 3 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, and all the other every, stalks stay 3 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37.
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng is spent latter 1 month, and the young sprout that young sprout more than length 100cm stays the young sprout of 2 string fruit ears, 50-100cm to stay 1 string fruit ear, be less than 50cm does not stay fruit ear.Follow " strong 2, in 1, weakly do not stay " principle.
Heavy (the result weight of every fringe) 519 ± 28 grams of fringe during fruit maturation.
Embodiment 2,
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 4.0cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.0cm and stalk a number be 13～14 ";
Accordingly, the fruit total amount of staying on each fruit ear in step 3) is about 40 ± 2.
All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 558 ± 24 grams.
Embodiment 3
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 4.5cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12; " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.5cm and stalk a number be 15 ";
By in step 3) " thereby every, a stalk of 3 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear to stay fruit total amount be 37 " make into " thus every, a stalk of 5 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3 or 4 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3 ".All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 601 ± 35 grams.
Embodiment 4
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 5.0cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 11.0cm and stalk a number be that 14-15 props up ";
By in step 3) " thereby every, a stalk of 3 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thereby every, a stalk of 5 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, and all the other every, stalks stay 3 or 4 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 50 ± 3.All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 650 ± 35 grams ";
Comparative example 1
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 5.5cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 12.0cm and stalk a number be 15～16 ";
By in step 3) " thereby every, a stalk of 3 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3 of fruits; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thereby every, a stalk of 5 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, and all the other every, stalks stay 3 or 4 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 55 ± 3." all the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe weighs 673 ± 34 grams.
Comparative example 2
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 7.0cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 13.0cm and stalk a number be that 16-17 props up ";
By in step 3) " thereby every, a stalk of 3 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, all the other every, stalks stay 3 of fruits; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thereby every, a stalk of 5 of realizing near fruit ear tip stays 2 of fruits, and every, the stalk of 4 near fruit ear upper end is stayed to 5 of fruits, and all the other every, stalks stay 3 or 4 of fruits; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 60 ± 3 "; All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 702 ± 32 grams.
Comparative example 3
With respect to embodiment 1, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 3.5cm " in step 1) made into " only retaining the long fringe point of 3.0cm ";
By step 2) in " thereby the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.0cm and stalk a number be that 10-11 props up ";
By in step 3) " and control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " that is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32 ± 2.Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 477 ± 28 grams ";
All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
With respect to embodiment 2, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 4.0cm " in step 1), is made " after fringe ogival excision 1.0cm, then retaining the long fringe point of 4.0cm " into.
All the other are all equal to embodiment 2.
Comparative example 5
With respect to embodiment 4, make the following changes:
" only retaining the long fringe point of 5.0cm " in step 1) made into " after fringe ogival excision 1.0cm, then retaining the long fringe point of 5.0cm ".
All the other are all equal to embodiment 4.
Above-described embodiment 1～embodiment 4 and comparative example 1～comparative example 5 are final as shown in table 1 on the impact of ripening fruits quality.
Table 1
Note: TSS represents soluble solid content; TA refers to Titrable acid; Fruit shape index=fruit grain vertical footpath/fruit grain transverse diameter.
Fruit shape index has represented the shape of fruit grain, and during data > 1, fruit grain is Long Circle, and during data < 1, fruit grain is oblate, data=1 o'clock, and fruit grain is rounded.' sunlight rose ' standard shape should be Long Circle.
In table, data show, with the increase of length after the fringe shaping of blossoming, average simple grain is heavy and soluble solid content is on a declining curve, and fruit ear weight is in rising trend; While spending fringe shaping to 3.0cm, average simple grain heavily increases, but fruit ear is less than 500 grams; When flower fringe 5.5cm is above, average simple grain is heavy less; The first tip cut-off of flower fringe with do not excise comparison, although pol is higher, cob growth is suppressed, when Sheng is spent latter 15 days, cob is shorter, a stalk is intensive, fruit grain subcircular and closely raw, fruit thinning workload increases, if stalk is propped up on the top that bounces back not in time, fruit ear shape is subsphaeroidal.Therefore, suggestion ' sunlight rose ' flower fringe shaping length 3.5-5.0cm, to stay fringe tip best.Adopt colored fringe shaping methods of the present invention, can make ' sunlight rose ' simple grain focus on 13-15 gram, single fringe heavy 500-650 gram, soluble solid content 18-22%.For ' sunlight rose ' high-quality, stable yields, saving of labor provide a new way.Remarks explanation: above-described embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are preferred version.
What more than enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. ' sunlight rose ' grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, is characterized in that each flower/fruit ear to carry out successively following steps:
1), spend fringe shaping:
At initial bloom stage, flower fringe is carried out to shaping;
Shaping comprises the following steps:
1., stay fringe point:
Only retain the long fringe point of 3.5cm～5.0cm, all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe are done to excision and process;
2., whether the fringe point being retained be there is the judgement of improper growth; When following arbitrary situation appears in fringe point, be judged to be improper: have two stocks forks, band shape flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little; Processing is excised in above-mentioned improper position;
2), fruit ear size is adjusted:
The 15th day of Sheng Huahou, carries out shaping to fruit ear, and object makes become big or small uniformity effectively regulate plant load capacity of fruit ear; Specific practice is: a stalk for fruit ear tip and/or fruit ear upper end is wiped out to processing, is that 9.5～11.0cm and a stalk number are 12～15 thereby make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment;
3), fruit thinning:
Within 16-20 after Sheng is spent days, carry out fruit thinning, thereby every, a stalk of 3～5 of the close fruit ear tip of realization stays 2～3 of fruits, every, the stalk that props up of 2～4 of close fruit ear upper end stays 4～5 of fruits, and all the other obstruct every and stay really 3～4; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32～53;
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng is spent latter 1 month, and young sprout more than length 100cm stays the young sprout that 2 string fruit ears, length are 50～100cm to stay 1 string fruit ear, be less than 50cm young sprout does not stay fruit ear.
2. ' sunlight rose ' according to claim 1 grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, is characterized in that:
The vegetables and fruits of described step 3) are to remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and bury the fruit in fruit ear inside.
3. ' sunlight rose ' according to claim 1 and 2 grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, is characterized in that:
In described step 1), retain the long fringe point of 4.0cm;
Described step 2), in, the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment is that 10.0cm and a stalk number are 13～14;
In described step 3), control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 40 ± 2.
4. ' sunlight rose ' according to claim 1 and 2 grape flower/fruit ear shaping and trimming method, is characterized in that:
In described step 1), retain the long fringe point of 4.5cm;
Described step 2), in, the length that makes each fruit ear after shear treatment is that 10.5cm and a stalk number are 15;
In described step 3), control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3.
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| CN105010081A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for culturing seedless shine-muscat |
| CN107912224A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-17 | 万颖 | A kind of method of grape shaping and trimming |
| CN108112420A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of flower spike trimming new method for improving vinifera coloring |
| CN108112420B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-05-01 | 山东农业大学 | Novel method for pruning spica for improving coloring of wine grapes |
| CN109673374A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-26 | 曾新华 | A method of solving big granule occur in the production of sunlight rose grape |
| CN109673374B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2021-07-27 | 曾新华 | Method for solving large and small grains in production of sunshine rose grapes |
| CN113207526A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for improving quality of Kerisen seedless grape fruits |
| CN114431066A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Production method of functional grape |
| CN114431066B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-12 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Production method of functional grape |
| CN115428691A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-06 | 云南淏丰农业科技开发有限公司 | Quality-improving and efficiency-increasing flower spike shaping method |
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