CN103621373B - Sunrose grape flower/ fruit cluster pruning method - Google Patents
Sunrose grape flower/ fruit cluster pruning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sunrose grape flower cluster and fruit cluster pruning method. The method for processing each flower cluster and fruit luster includes the following steps that firstly, a flower cluster is pruned in a flower early stage, only a cluster top which is 3.5cm to 5cm long is reserved and the rest of small flower clusters on the flower cluster are cut off; secondly, the sizes of the fruit clusters are adjusted, on the fifteenth day after blooming, the fruit clusters are pruned so as to make the size of the fruit clusters uniform and effectively adjust the capacities of plants; thirdly, fruit thinning is carried out; fruit thinning is usually carried out 16 days to 20 days after blooming and the overall fruit remaining capacity of each fruit cluster is controlled to be within 32 to 53; fourthly, the capacities are adjusted; one month after blooming, two strings of fruit clusters are reserved on a young shoot which is more than 100cm long, one string of fruit clusters are reserved on a young shoot with the length ranging from 50cm to 100cm and no fruit clusters are left for a young shoot with the length less than 50cm. By means of the method, the weight of each fruit can be 12g to 15g and the yield of each fruit cluster ranges from 500g to 650g.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of sunlight rose grape flower fringe and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, comprise ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe shaping and fruit thinning grain.
Background technology
' sunlight rose ' grape is Japanese fruit tree research institute by ' peace rue No. 21, Tianjin ' new varieties with ' Bai Nan ' cross breeding.Pericarp yellow green, single fruit weight 12 ~ 4 grams, pol more than 19%, fruit can eat, denuclearization can cultivate easily, have strong Moschus local flavor by belt leather, storage tolerance, be the kind in Japan widelyd popularize in recent years, plant experimentally in many areas after introducing China, at present about supporting culture technique have not been reported, generally still continue to use some traditional technical skills.Such as think little of the colored fringe re-shaping exercise before blooming, cause flowering time uneven, fruit size grain is serious, increases fruit thinning workload etc. after this.Find in production process, ' sunlight rose ' grape shape defect flower fringe is a lot, and cob bends; The fringe elongation growth of duration of flowering flower, first end fruit grain is beared fruit and is occurred bad, and the excision of fringe point can strengthen fruit ear cross growth, gives that ' sunlight rose ' is stable to bear fruit and exterior quality is produced and brought difficulty.These problems at present for this kind yet there are no bibliographical information, therefore, solve the colored fringe shaping before blooming and the fruit thinning method after bearing fruit and play very important effect for the grape of production high-quality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe and fruit cluster shaping trimming method; Adopt method of the present invention can obtain high-quality and efficient denuclearization grape; Ensure single fruit grain weight more than 12 ~ 15 grams, the output of each fruit ear is about 500-650 gram.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides one ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, successively following steps carried out to each colored fringe and fruit ear:
1), fringe shaping is spent:
At initial bloom stage when the flowers are in blossom (full garden have 5%), shaping is carried out to flower fringe; Reason is: when flower fringe shaping is long, there will be cob bend, bloom inconsistent, fruit thinning amount large and/or fruit drop phenomenon;
Shaping comprises the following steps:
1. fringe point, is stayed:
Only retain the long fringe point of 3.5cm ~ 5.0cm (flower fringe tip), excision process is done to all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe;
2., whether the fringe point be retained (flower fringe tip) is existed to the judgement of abnormal growth; When below fringe point (flower fringe tip) occurs during arbitrary situation, be judged to be improper: have two stock forks, strip-like flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little; Excision process is carried out to above-mentioned improper position;
Remarks illustrate: after the growth of fringe point, also can become the little Hua fringe of cluster cluster;
After the little Hua fringe+fringe point of cob+cluster cluster, general name is flower fringe;
When little Hua fringe there being fruit grain length go out, little Hua fringe is renamed as a stalk, and whole colored fringe is renamed as fruit ear;
2), fruit ear size adjustment:
The 15th day of Sheng Huahou (the flowers are in blossom in full garden 85%), carries out shaping to fruit ear, and object makes fruit ear become size uniformity and effectively regulates plant load capacity; Specific practice is: carried out wiping out process by a stalk for fruit ear tip and fruit ear upper end, thus makes the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5 ~ 11.0cm and prop up a stalk number to be 12 ~ 15;
Remarks illustrate: the 15th day cob of Sheng Huahou (the flowers are in blossom in full garden 85%) generally reaches 10 ~ 19cm;
3), fruit thinning:
Contain spend after within 16 ~ 20 days, carry out fruit thinning, thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 ~ 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2 ~ 3, the stalk of 2 ~ 4 near fruit ear upper end often props up and stays fruit 4 ~ 5, and all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 ~ 4; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32 ~ 53 (that is, are generally 35 ~ 50, allow to fluctuate 2 ~ 3);
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng spends latter 1 month, and the young sprout that young sprout stays 2 string fruit ears, length is 50 ~ 100cm of more than length 100cm stays 1 string fruit ear, length is less than 50cm young sprout and does not stay fruit ear; Namely follow " strong 2, in 1, weakly not stay " principle.
Remarks illustrate: young sprout refers to the branch of pumping then; The branch that can bear fruit must be the branch (young sprout) that goes out of pumping then, and they are all release from the branch of upper one year.
Improvement as ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe of the present invention and fruit cluster shaping trimming method: step 3) vegetables and fruits be the fruit removing fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and be buried in fruit ear inside.
Further improvement as ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe of the present invention and fruit cluster shaping trimming method:
Described step 1) in, retain the fringe point that 4.0cm is long;
Described step 2) in, making the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.0cm and propping up a stalk number is 13 ~ 14;
Described step 3) in, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 40 ± 2.
Further improvement as ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe of the present invention and fruit cluster shaping trimming method:
Described step 1) in, retain the fringe point that 4.5cm is long;
Described step 2) in, making the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.5cm and propping up a stalk number is 15;
Described step 3) in, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3.
In the present invention:
Step 1) whether " two stock forks, the strip-like flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little " that adopt when judging normal to the fringe point be retained (flower fringe tip) be the general term of the industry; Specifically can be as follows:
Strip-like flat refers to that the cob near fringe ogival occurs that flat phenomenon (major diameter/minor axis≤1) now generally also occurs ribbon grain; And normal cob should in cylindric.
Attenuate cob diameter rapidly that refer near fringe ogival: cob diameter≤50% of fringe point base portion.
Bud is very little refers to bud volume near fringe ogival: bud volume≤70% of fringe point base portion, that is, there is ateliosis or the phenomenon such as not full.
Step 3) fruit thinning in:
Fruitlet refers to that carpopodium is elongated, fruit circle just or oblate, the fruit that head less and later stage can not expand substantially.Normal fruit now should be that carpopodium is comparatively thick, and vertical footpath/transverse diameter >=1, such fruit could expand in the future again.
Step 3) be carry out adjusting according to the standard of heavy 500-650 gram, single fruit weight 12-15 gram of fringe.That is, Sheng spends rear 16-20 days, and 1 string fruit ear stays 35-50 grain fruit (fluctuate 2-3 grain).Remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and be buried in the fruit of fruit ear inside.Fruit grain being substantially arranged as on fruit ear: top is propped up stalk and (is generally a stalk of 2 ~ 4, for near fruit ear upper end) 4 ~ 5, middle part props up stalk 4-3 grain, 3 ~ 2, stalk (being generally a stalk of 3 ~ 5, is close fruit ear tip) is propped up in bottom.
Step 4) be gas product flow readjustment fruit ear quantity according to every square metre of 2.0-2.2 kilogram.Load capacity too much can cause postpone picking time and fruit pol reduces, and is now the extremely important period of gas product flow readjustment.
Lime light when the present invention applies:
1, method of the present invention is applicable to the colored fringe shaping under ' sunlight rose ' denuclearization cultivation condition.Especially be applicable to planting culture or earsh to bear fruit the technical method that instability, fruit grain expand under unfavorable condition.
When 2, using the inventive method, before denuclearization process, (before blooming 10-15 days) does not need to elongate colored fringe.
Except step 1 of the present invention) ~ step 4) except the processing step parameter of refering in particular to, all the other carry out according to " the step 1-3 " in the summary of the invention of the patent published (ZL20111097764.3) " liquor-saturated golden preserved fragrant grape denuclearization processing method " the planting technique of grape.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, overcome that ' sunlight rose ' Hua Sui is bending, the sharp shortcoming such as bad of bearing fruit of fringe;
2, carry out before blooming spending fringe shaping, make neat and consistent of blooming, decrease fruit after bearing fruit and occur the problem that large granule is seriously uneven, thus reduce fruit thinning workload 50-80%;
3, the fruit cluster shaping after bearing fruit, be conducive to fruit grain expand and the output of unit are effectively controls, ensure the inside and outside quality of fruit and commodity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the colored fringe shaping schematic diagram before blooming;
Fig. 2 contains the fruit cluster shaping schematic diagram spending latter 15 days;
Fig. 3 stays fruit to measure schematic diagram (fruit grain number in figure on numeral each stalk) for 16 ~ 20 days after Sheng is spent;
Remarks illustrate: cob length+fruit length=fruit ear is long.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, a kind of ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, successively following steps are carried out to each colored fringe and fruit ear:
1), fringe shaping is spent:
At ' sunlight rose ' grape initial bloom stage (time blooming in full garden 5%), shaping is carried out to flower fringe; Shaping comprises the following steps:
1., fringe point is stayed,
Only retain the fringe point that 3.5cm is long, excision process is done to all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe;
2., whether there is abnormal growth to the fringe point be retained (flower fringe tip) to judge: below fringe point (flower fringe tip) appearance during arbitrary situation, be judged to be improper:
Fringe ogival there is two stocks forks, strip-like flat or attenuate rapidly, bud is very little.Excision process is carried out to above-mentioned improper position.
Remarks illustrate: normal situation is that cob is straight and bud large and neat.
2) fruit ear size adjustment:
Sheng Huahou (the flowers are in blossom in full garden 85%) 15 days, carries out shaping to fruit ear; Object makes fruit ear become size uniformity and effectively regulates plant load capacity.Be specially:
Fruit ear tip and fruit ear upper end are carried out wiping out process, thus makes the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and prop up a stalk number to be 12; Bad the stalk thus bear fruit in realization retraction long, excessive of fruit ear top stalk and fruit ear bottom, makes fruit ear shape be oval tubular.
3) fruit thinning:
Within 16-20 days after Sheng is spent, carry out fruit thinning, namely remove fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and be buried in the fruit of fruit ear inside.Be specially: thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37.
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng spends latter 1 month, and the young sprout of more than length 100cm stays 2 string fruit ears, the young sprout of 50-100cm stays 1 string fruit ear, be less than the young sprout of 50cm does not stay fruit ear.Namely follow " strong 2, in 1, weakly not stay " principle.
Heavy (the result weight of every fringe) 519 ± 28 grams of fringe during fruit maturation.
Embodiment 2,
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 4.0cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.0cm and stalk a number be 13 ~ 14 ";
Accordingly, step 3) in each fruit ear on stay fruit total amount be about 40 ± 2.
All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 558 ± 24 grams.
Embodiment 3
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 4.5cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and prop up a stalk number to be 12; " make into " thus making the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.5cm and prop up a stalk number to be 15 ";
By step 3) in " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3; That is, control each fruit ear stays fruit total amount to be 37 " make into " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 or 4; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3 ".All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 601 ± 35 grams.
Embodiment 4
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 5.0cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 11.0cm and stalk a number be that 14-15 props up ";
By step 3) in " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 or 4; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 50 ± 3.All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 650 ± 35 grams ";
Comparative example 1
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 5.5cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 12.0cm and stalk a number be 15 ~ 16 ";
By step 3) in " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 or 4; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 55 ± 3." all the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe weighs 673 ± 34 grams.
Comparative example 2
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 7.0cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 13.0cm and stalk a number be that 16-17 props up ";
By step 3) in " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 2 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2, often prop up the stalk of 4 near fruit ear upper end and stay fruit 5, all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 or 4; That is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 60 ± 3 "; All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 702 ± 32 grams.
Comparative example 3
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 1:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 3.5cm is long " make into " only retaining the fringe point that 3.0cm is long ";
By step 2) in " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5cm and stalk a number be 12 " make into " thus make the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.0cm and stalk a number be that 10-11 props up ";
By step 3) in " and control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 37." make into " that is, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32 ± 2.Under this state, fringe during fruit maturation weighs 477 ± 28 grams ";
All the other are all equal to embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 2:
In step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 4.0cm is long " make into " after fringe ogival excision 1.0cm, then retaining the long fringe point of 4.0cm ".
All the other are all equal to embodiment 2.
Comparative example 5
Make the following changes relative to embodiment 4:
By step 1) in " only retaining the fringe point that 5.0cm is long " make into " after fringe ogival excision 1.0cm, then retaining the long fringe point of 5.0cm ".
All the other are all equal to embodiment 4.
Above-described embodiment 1 ~ embodiment 4 and comparative example 1 ~ comparative example 5 are final as shown in table 1 on the impact of ripening fruits quality.
Table 1
Note: TSS represents soluble solid content; TA refers to Titrable acid; Fruit shape index=fruit grain indulges footpath/fruit grain transverse diameter.
Fruit shape index represents the shape of fruit grain, and during data > 1, fruit grain is Long Circle, and during data < 1, fruit grain is in oblate, and during data=1, fruit grain is rounded.' sunlight rose ' standard shape should be Long Circle.
Data display in table, with the increase of length after fringe shaping of blossoming, average single is heavy and soluble solid content is on a declining curve, and Ear-Weight is in rising trend; When the shaping of flower fringe is to 3.0cm, average single heavily increases, but fruit ear is less than 500 grams; During flower more than fringe 5.5cm, average single is heavy less; The first tip cut-off of flower fringe compares with not excising, although pol is higher, cob grows and is suppressed, when Sheng spends latter 15 days, cob is shorter, a stalk is intensive, fruit grain subcircular and closely raw, fruit thinning workload increases, if stalk is propped up on the top that bounces back not in time, fruit ear shape is subsphaeroidal.Therefore, suggestion ' sunlight rose ' flower fringe shaping length 3.5-5.0cm, to stay fringe tip best.Adopt colored fringe shaping methods of the present invention, ' sunlight rose ' Single seed weight can be made at 13-15 gram, spike weight 500-650 gram, soluble solid content 18-22%.For ' sunlight rose ' high-quality, stable yields, saving of labor provide a new way.Remarks illustrate: above-described embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are preferred version.
What more than enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be had.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, is characterized in that carrying out following steps successively to each colored fringe and fruit ear:
1), fringe shaping is spent:
At initial bloom stage, shaping is carried out to flower fringe;
Shaping comprises the following steps:
1. fringe point, is stayed:
Only retain the fringe point that 3.5cm ~ 5.0cm is long, excision process is done to all the other the little Hua fringes on flower fringe;
2., whether the fringe point be retained is existed to the judgement of abnormal growth; When below fringe point occurs during arbitrary situation, be judged to be improper: have two stock forks, strip-like flat, attenuate rapidly, bud is very little; Excision process is carried out to above-mentioned improper position;
2), fruit ear size adjustment:
The 15th day of Sheng Huahou, carries out shaping to fruit ear, and object makes fruit ear become size uniformity and effectively regulates plant load capacity; Specific practice is: carried out wiping out process by a stalk for fruit ear tip and fruit ear upper end, thus makes the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 9.5 ~ 11.0cm and prop up a stalk number to be 12 ~ 15;
3), fruit thinning:
Contain spend after within 16-20 days, carry out fruit thinning, thus realize often propping up near a stalk of 3 ~ 5 of fruit ear tip staying fruit 2 ~ 3, the stalk of 2 ~ 4 near fruit ear upper end often props up and stays fruit 4 ~ 5, and all the other stalks often prop up and stay fruit 3 ~ 4; And control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 32 ~ 53;
4), load capacity adjustment:
Sheng spends latter 1 month, and the young sprout that young sprout stays 2 string fruit ears, length is 50 ~ 100cm of more than length 100cm stays 1 string fruit ear, be less than 50cm young sprout does not stay fruit ear.
2. ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe according to claim 1 and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, is characterized in that:
Described step 3) vegetables and fruits be the fruit removing fruitlet, mummy, malformed fruit and be buried in fruit ear inside.
3. ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe according to claim 1 and 2 and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, is characterized in that:
Described step 1) in, retain the fringe point that 4.0cm is long;
Described step 2) in, making the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.0cm and propping up a stalk number is 13 ~ 14;
Described step 3) in, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 40 ± 2.
4. ' sunlight rose ' grape flower fringe according to claim 1 and 2 and fruit cluster shaping trimming method, is characterized in that:
Described step 1) in, retain the fringe point that 4.5cm is long;
Described step 2) in, making the length of each fruit ear after shear treatment be 10.5cm and propping up a stalk number is 15;
Described step 3) in, control on each fruit ear stay fruit total amount be 45 ± 3.
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| CN105475063A (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-13 | 肖卷忠 | Seedless cultivation method for Wink |
| CN105010081B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-08-04 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of sunlight rose grape kernal eliminating cultural method |
| CN107912224A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-17 | 万颖 | A kind of method of grape shaping and trimming |
| CN108112420B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-05-01 | 山东农业大学 | Novel method for pruning spica for improving coloring of wine grapes |
| CN109673374B (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2021-07-27 | 曾新华 | Method for solving large and small grains in production of sunshine rose grapes |
| CN113207526A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for improving quality of Kerisen seedless grape fruits |
| CN114431066B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-12 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Production method of functional grape |
| CN115428691A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-06 | 云南淏丰农业科技开发有限公司 | Quality-improving and efficiency-increasing flower spike shaping method |
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