CN114568140A

CN114568140A - Cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stock

Info

Publication number: CN114568140A
Application number: CN202210220738.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李洪立; 胡文斌; 王绍斌; 洪青梅; 李婧
Original assignee: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
Current assignee: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute CATAS
Priority date: 2022-03-08
Filing date: 2022-03-08
Publication date: 2022-06-03
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-08
Also published as: CN114568140B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of dragon fruit seedling culture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks. By adopting the method for cultivating the stock, aged twigs are cultivated through cuttage and then are used for grafting of the dragon fruits, the obtained middle wood layer of the stock is aged slowly and keeps good activity, the stock is strong in activity, the nutrition of the stock is sufficient during grafting, the contact surface of the stock and grafted buds and spikes is large, the grafted buds and spikes are easy to heal after grafting, the growth speed is high, the method can adapt to various different grafting modes, has a positive promotion effect on cultivation of the seedlings of the dragon fruits, and is greatly convenient for cultivation of the seedlings of the dragon fruits.

Description

Cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stock

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dragon fruit seedling culture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks.

Background

In the process of cultivating the dragon fruit seedlings, grafting is often needed in order to shorten the seedling culture period. The quality and the growth condition of the rootstock are key factors for ensuring the grafting survival rate. The traditional pitaya stock has poor vitality, the grafting is not easy to heal, the growth vigor is slow, various bud ears cannot be grafted, and the development of the pitaya seedling culture work is greatly restricted. Therefore, the cultivation of the high-quality rootstock plays a decisive role in the cultivation work of the dragon fruit seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cultivation method of high-quality pitaya stocks, which effectively solves the problems of the pitaya stocks, is beneficial to quickly cultivating pitaya seedlings and is suitable for grafting in various grafting modes.

A cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks comprises the following steps:

(1) cutting a dragon fruit stock for later use;

(2) after the bud spike at the topmost end of the stock grows out after cuttage, the twig is cut transversely, all the thorns on the twig and the stock are removed, and the twig is continuously cultivated until the twig is aged and can be used for grafting.

Further, in the step (1), the intercepted rootstock of the dragon fruit is 30-40 cm.

Further, in the step (2), the bud spike at the topmost end of the rootstock grows to 50 cm.

Further, in the step (2), the twig is cut off at a position 20 cm away from the rootstock.

Further, in the step (2), after the shoots and the thorns on the rootstocks are removed, the cultivation is continued for 90 days.

The dragon fruit stock cultivated by the cultivation method is applied to grafting of the dragon fruit.

Further, in the application, the grafting method of the dragon fruit is flat grafting, inarching, splicing or cleft grafting.

Further, in the application, the scions are tender shoots or branch segments.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

by adopting the method for cultivating the stock, aged twigs are cultivated through cuttage and then are used for grafting of the dragon fruits, the obtained intermediate wood layer of the stock is aged slowly and keeps good activity, the stock is strong in activity, the stock is sufficient in nutrition during grafting, the contact surface with grafted buds and scions is large, the grafted buds and scions are easy to heal, the growth speed is high, and the cultivation of the dragon fruit seedlings is facilitated greatly.

The stock cultivated by the method can be grafted on different buds and ears (such as tender buds sown by seedlings, branch sections of dragon fruits and the like) and different grafting methods (such as horizontal grafting, inarching, bud grafting, cleft grafting and the like), can adapt to various different grafting modes, and has positive promotion effect on cultivation of dragon fruit seedlings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a rootstock from which shoots grow;

FIG. 2 shows the shoots of cut rootstocks;

FIG. 3 shows the rootstock and the twig with the thorn removed;

FIG. 4 shows an aged shoot of an intermediate wood layer;

fig. 5 is a cross-section of an aged shoot of an intermediate wood layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) intercepting 30 cm of dragon fruit stock, and cutting for later use;

(2) after the shoots and the twigs of the shoots at the topmost end of the rootstock grow to 50 cm after cuttage, the shoots and the twigs are transversely cut at a position 20 cm away from the rootstock; all the thorns on the twigs and the rootstocks are removed, the twigs grow larger due to no bud thorns and limited sprouting, the middle wood layer of the rootstocks is aged slowly and keeps better activity, and the universal rootstocks can be used as universal rootstocks of dragon fruits after being continuously cultivated for 90 days, so that the universal rootstocks are suitable for various grafting methods.

Example 2

(1) cutting 35 cm of pitaya stock, and performing cuttage for later use;

Example 3

(1) intercepting 40 cm of dragon fruit stock, and cutting for later use;

The stock cultivated by the cultivation method can be used for grafting various scions, for example, tender shoots sowed by seedlings, branch sections of dragon fruits and the like can be used as the scions, and grafting methods such as horizontal grafting, inarching, bud grafting, cleft grafting and the like can obtain better grafting effect.

Firstly, stock grafting effect investigation cultured by the invention

The method described in examples 1-3 was used to cultivate rootstocks, 4 commonly used grafting methods were selected for the dragon fruit grafting experiments, the branch material was used as scion, different methods were used for grafting, 100 scions were grafted in each grafting method, and the grafting survival rate was counted, with the specific results shown in table 1.

Wherein, the grafting survival rate (%) < survival scion number/total scion number of grafting > 100%

TABLE 1 statistics of grafting survival rates for different grafting methods

As can be seen from Table 1, for 4 grafting methods used in experiments, the stocks cultivated by the method provided by the invention can achieve higher grafting survival rate and have higher application value.

In order to facilitate comparison of experimental effects, other experiments in the application all adopt dragon fruit branch sections as scions, and grafting modes are all flat grafting.

Second, optimization of stock cultivation conditions

According to the condition of stock cultivation, different parameters are respectively set, the grafting survival rate (%) is counted, the time (day) from grafting to new bud growing and the time (day) from grafting to flowering and fruit bearing are needed, and the stock cultivation condition is optimized. 100 scions were grafted for each treatment. The specific method and statistical results are as follows.

(1) Effect of stock length on grafting

The same batch of pitaya stocks are selected, cut into different lengths, the stocks are cultivated according to the operation method of the embodiment 1, then, the scions of the pitaya of the same variety are grafted simultaneously by adopting a flat grafting method, and the influence of the lengths of the stocks on grafting is compared. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 2 Effect of rootstock length on grafting

Length of stock	Survival rate of grafting (%)	Growth of new tender shoots	Time (heaven) for flowering and bearing fruit
				20 cm	81	25	165
25 cm	83	25	165
				30 cm	90	22	162
35 cm	92	22	162
				40 cm	92	21	161

As can be seen from Table 1, the stock length is 30 cm, and the grafting survival rate can reach 90%. The longer the stock is, the higher the grafting survival rate is, the time for the scion to grow new tender bud is gradually shortened, and the time from the grafting day to flowering and fruit bearing is also gradually shortened. However, the longer the rootstock is, the higher the economic cost and time cost required for cultivation are, and therefore, the rootstock with the length of 30-40 cm is preferably used for cuttage in the invention.

(2) Influence of the length of the tender branch of the stock on the survival rate of grafting

Selecting a same batch of rootstocks with the length of 30 cm, cultivating according to the method of the embodiment 1, after the twigs grow to different lengths, transversely cutting the twigs at a position 20 cm away from the rootstocks, grafting the scions of the same dragon fruit by adopting the same method, and comparing the influence of the twigs on grafting. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 3 Effect of shoot length on grafting

Length of rootstock twig	Survival rate of grafting (%)	Growth of new tender shoots
			20 cm	75	19
30 cm	90	15
			40 cm	91	17
50 cm	95	17
			60 cm	76	18

As can be seen from Table 3, the length of the twig is less than 50 cm, and the grafting survival rate gradually increases with the increase of the length of the twig of the stock. And the length of the tender branch of the stock exceeds 60 cm, the survival rate of grafting is reduced on the contrary, and the time for growing a new tender bud is prolonged to different degrees. Therefore, in order to take account of the survival rate of grafting and the time for growing new twigs, the invention cuts the twigs when the length of the twigs is 30-50 cm.

(3) Influence of stock twig cut length on grafting survival rate

Selecting the same batch of stocks, cutting according to the same method, respectively cutting off the stocks at different lengths of the twigs away from the stocks after the twigs are 50 cm long, cultivating according to the method of the embodiment 1, simultaneously grafting by adopting the same operation method, and comparing the influence of the cut-off length on the grafting. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 4 Effect of twig cut length on grafting

Length of rootstock twig	Survival rate of grafting (%)	Growth of new tender shoots
			5 cm	80	18
10 cm	83	18
			15 cm	85	17
20 cm	95	15
			25 cm	95	15
30 cm	96	15

As can be seen from Table 4, when the length of the cut twig is 20-30 cm, the high survival rate of grafting can be maintained, and the time required for growing a new bud is also shortened to a certain extent.

(4) Influence of aging degree on grafting

The same batch of stocks are selected, cutting cultivation is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1, after the tender branches are cut off, the tender branches are respectively cultivated for different time to be aged to different degrees, grafting is carried out according to the same method, and the influence of the aging degree on grafting is compared. The specific results are shown in the following table.

TABLE 5 Effect of shoot aging on grafting

Incubation time	Survival rate of grafting (%)	Growth of new tender shoots
			15 days	65	18
30 days	70	17
			50 days	80	17
70 days	82	17
			90 days	95	15
110 days	81	16
			130 days	80	18

As can be seen from Table 5, when the shoots are cut off and cultured for 90 days, not only can the high grafting survival rate be maintained, but also the time required for the shoots to grow new shoots is shorter than that of other treatment groups, and the above effects cannot be achieved due to too short or too long culture time. Therefore, the aging cultivation time of the rootstock tender branches is selected and cultivated for 90 days.

Influence of different rootstock treatment methods on grafting

Respectively taking the dragon fruit plants which are cultivated in the same batch and have similar growth conditions, cultivating the stocks according to different methods, grafting the dragon fruit scions of the same variety according to the same method, and comparing the influence of different methods on the grafting effect of the dragon fruit. 100 scions were placed per protocol.

Scheme 1: the stock is directly grafted on the plant without cuttage.

Scheme 2: after the rootstock is subjected to cuttage and the twig is cultured, the rootstock is directly grafted.

Scheme 3: the rootstocks were not subjected to cuttage, but before grafting, the shoots were cultivated, cut off, aged, and then grafted on the shoots according to the method of example 1.

Scheme 4: after the tender branches are cultivated by cutting the rootstocks, the aged tender branches are cultivated according to the method of the embodiment 1 without cutting the tender branches, and the tender branches are grafted.

Scheme 5: according to the method of example 1, the rootstock is cut after culturing the twig, but the twig is directly grafted on the twig without aging culture.

Scheme 6: reference is made to the procedure of example 1.

Scheme 7: reference is made to the procedure of example 2.

Scheme 8: refer to the procedure of example 3.

The influence of different stock cultivation methods on the grafting survival rate of the dragon fruits is counted by grafting in each scheme, as shown in the following table.

TABLE 6 influence of different grafting methods on the grafting survival rate of dragon fruit

As can be seen from Table 6, the survival rate of the rootstock grafted by the method of the 3 embodiment groups of the invention can reach more than 96%, which is significantly higher than that of other treatment groups. The dragon fruit stock cultivated by the method can effectively improve the survival rate of grafting of the dragon fruit.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit stocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cutting a dragon fruit stock for later use;

2. The cultivation method of the high-quality dragon fruit rootstock according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the intercepted dragon fruit rootstock is 30-40 cm.

3. The cultivation method of high-quality dragon fruit rootstock according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the topmost scion of the rootstock grows to 50 cm.

4. The cultivation method of the high-quality dragon fruit rootstock according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the scission is carried out at the position where the tender branch is 20 cm away from the rootstock.

5. The cultivation method of the high-quality dragon fruit rootstock according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2), cultivation is continued for 90 days after the scions on the tender branches and the rootstock are removed.

6. Use of a dragon fruit rootstock cultivated by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in grafting of a dragon fruit.

7. The use of claim 6, wherein said method of grafting dragon fruit is grafting, inarching, budding or cleft grafting.

8. The use of claim 6, wherein the scion is a shoot or a branch.