CN110140588B - Kiwi fruit tree high-grafting and head-changing method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit tree high-grafting and head-changing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110140588B CN110140588B CN201910602149.XA CN201910602149A CN110140588B CN 110140588 B CN110140588 B CN 110140588B CN 201910602149 A CN201910602149 A CN 201910602149A CN 110140588 B CN110140588 B CN 110140588B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-grafting and head-changing method for a kiwi fruit tree, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of sequentially and flatly cutting two cutters from a main vine branch at a position, where the head of the main vine of a Chinese gooseberry tree is required to be changed, of a side face of the main vine of the Chinese gooseberry tree which is already put on the Chinese gooseberry tree to form a flat cutting surface of the Chinese gooseberry tree which is already put on the Chinese gooseberry tree, obtaining a main vine branch tongue-shaped cutting piece, sequentially and flatly cutting two cutters from the lower side of a scion bud along the branch direction to form a flat cutting surface of a scion, obtaining a scion branch tongue-shaped cutting piece, inserting the scion branch tongue-shaped cutting piece on the main vine branch tongue-shaped cutting piece, binding to obtain the Chinese gooseberry tree after high grafting and changing the head, thinning branches emitted around the changed head, repeatedly pinching a fruit mother branch during first year fruit hanging, trimming a fruit mother branch after harvesting, trimming a main vine of an original variety. The method overcomes the defects of large wound, difficult recovery of tree vigor and no yield of the kiwi fruit tree in the traditional grafting, synchronously updates and updates the kiwi fruit variety, ensures high yield and stable yield, and has high survival rate without influencing the yield and income of the current year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grafting, and particularly relates to a high grafting and head changing method for a kiwi fruit tree.
Background
The high grafting and head changing of the kiwi fruit tree is a good method for quickly changing varieties to realize industrial structure adjustment, early production and early benefit, however, the traditional method is to saw off branches on a main vine and only leave a main stem, remove the branches on the main vine and only leave the main stem, change the head of the main stem by adopting a cleft grafting method or graft a new variety after removing the head of a fruiting mother branch of the main vine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-grafting and head-changing method for a kiwi fruit tree, which overcomes the defects of large wound, difficult recovery of tree vigor and no yield of the kiwi fruit tree in the traditional grafting, synchronously updates and renews the kiwi fruit variety, has high survival rate, does not influence the yield and income of the current year, ensures the growth and development of the kiwi fruit tree, and keeps the income.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-grafting and head-changing method for kiwi fruit trees comprises the following steps:
s1, flatly cutting the main vine branch at the upper end of the position, where the head of the main vine branch needs to be changed, on the side face of the main vine of the erected tree of the kiwi fruit for a knife from the bark to the xylem direction to obtain a first cutting surface with the length of 3-4 cm and the cutting depth of 0.1cm, and flatly cutting the first cutting surface for a knife again along the direction of the first cutting surface, wherein the cutting depth of the second knife is 0.5cm to form a flat cutting surface of the erected tree of the kiwi fruit, and obtain a tongue-shaped cutting piece of the main vine branch connected to the main vine branch;
s2, selecting a straight surface from the back or the side of the scion bud, performing plane cutting on the scion branch from a position 1.5cm below the scion bud along the branch direction for a knife to expose xylem, and then performing plane cutting continuously along the branch direction to form a plane cutting surface of the scion to obtain a scion branch tongue-shaped cutting sheet connected to the scion branch; the length of the flat cutting surface of the scion is the same as that of the flat cutting surface of the kiwi fruit on-shelf tree in S1, and the cutting depth is 0.6-0.8 cm;
s3, inserting the scion branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S2 on the main vine branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S1, aligning the scion branches and cambiums of the main vine branches, and tightly binding the scion branches and the cambiums of the main vine branches by using plastic strips to obtain the kiwi fruit tree after high grafting and head changing;
s4 timely thinning branches which are generated around the head of the kiwi fruit tree after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out in S3, pinching is carried out along a fruiting mother branch which grows out of a main vine when fruits are hung in the first year after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out, repeated pinching is carried out to promote the development of a scion branch, the scion branch is prolonged to form a branch vine of a new variety, the main vine of an original variety is removed when the kiwi fruit is pruned in winter after being harvested, the main vine of the new variety formed by the development of the scion branch replaces the original main vine, the fruiting mother branch of the new variety is formed in the second year after the head of the high grafting is changed, seed buds on the fruiting mother branch of the new variety form a fruit branch of the new variety, and the new variety is obtained after the fruit is hung.
Preferably, the distance between the main vine branch at the upper end and the trunk in S1 is 60-80 cm;
preferably, the length of said scion shoot in S2 is greater than 0.8 cm.
Preferably, when the scion branch is bound with the cambium of the main vine branch in S3, the bud eyes are exposed in spring, and the bud eyes and the leaf stalks are exposed in summer or autumn.
Preferably, the age of the shelved kiwi fruit tree in S1 is 3 years or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method overcomes the defects of large wound, difficult recovery of tree vigor and no yield of the kiwi fruit tree in the traditional grafting, synchronously updates and updates the kiwi fruit variety, has high survival rate, does not influence the yield and income of the current year, ensures the growth and development of the fruit tree, and keeps the income.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for high-grafting and head-changing of the kiwi fruit tree in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, flatly cutting a main vine branch at the upper end of the position, where the head of the main vine branch needs to be changed, on the side face of the main vine of the 5-year kiwi fruit on the tree frame by a knife from the bark to the xylem to obtain a first cut surface with the length of 3cm and the cutting depth of 0.1cm, and flatly cutting the first cut surface by a knife along the direction of the first cut surface, wherein the cutting depth of the second knife is 0.5cm, so that a flat cut surface of the kiwi fruit on the tree frame is formed, and a tongue-shaped cut piece of the main vine branch connected to the main vine branch is obtained; the distance between the main vine branch at the upper end and the trunk is 60 cm;
s2, selecting a straight surface from the back or the side of the scion bud, flatly cutting a scion branch with the length of 1cm from a position 1.5cm below the scion bud along the branch direction for a time to expose xylem, and then continuously flatly cutting along the branch direction to form a flat cutting surface of the scion to obtain a scion branch tongue-shaped cutting piece connected to the scion branch; the length of the flat cutting surface of the scion is the same as that of the flat cutting surface of the Chinese gooseberry on the tree in S1, and the cutting depth is 0.6 cm;
s3, inserting the scion branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S2 into the main vine branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S1, aligning the scion branches and cambiums of the main vine branches, tightly binding the scion branches and the cambiums of the main vine branches by using plastic strips, exposing bud eyes in spring, exposing bud eyes and leaf stalks in summer or autumn, and obtaining the high-grafted and head-changed kiwi fruit tree;
s4 timely thinning branches which are generated around the head of the kiwi fruit tree after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out in S3, pinching is carried out along a fruiting mother branch which grows out of a main vine when fruits are hung in the first year after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out, repeated pinching is carried out to promote the development of a scion branch, the scion branch is prolonged to form a branch vine of a new variety, the main vine of an original variety is removed when the kiwi fruit is pruned in winter after being harvested, the main vine of the new variety formed by the development of the scion branch replaces the original main vine, the fruiting mother branch of the new variety is formed in the second year after the head of the high grafting is changed, seed buds on the fruiting mother branch of the new variety form a fruit branch of the new variety, and the new variety is obtained after the fruit is hung.
By using the method of the embodiment, the kiwi fruit variety, 3 mu of kiwi fruit garden, the yield value of the original kiwi fruit variety in the current year after top grafting and head changing is 11000 yuan, and the yield value of the new variety Jinfu in the second year is 35000 yuan.
The embodiment overcomes the defects of large wound, difficult recovery of tree vigor and no yield of the kiwi fruit tree in the traditional grafting, enables the kiwi fruit variety to be updated and updated synchronously with high and stable yield, has high survival rate, does not influence the yield and income of the current year, ensures the growth and development of fruit trees, and keeps the income.
Example 2
The method for high-grafting and head-changing of the kiwi fruit tree in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, flatly cutting a main vine branch at the upper end of the position, where the head of the main vine branch needs to be changed, on the side face of the main vine of a 4-year-old kiwi fruit on a tree frame by a knife from the bark to the xylem to obtain a first cut surface with the length of 4cm and the cutting depth of 0.2cm, and flatly cutting the first cut surface along the direction of the first cut surface by a knife with the cutting depth of 0.5cm to form a flat cut surface of the kiwi fruit on the tree frame, so that a tongue-shaped cut piece of the main vine branch connected to the main vine branch is obtained; the distance between the main vine branch at the upper end and the trunk is 80 cm;
s2, selecting a straight surface from the back or the side of the scion bud, performing plane cutting on a scion branch with the length of more than 0.8cm from a position 1.5cm below the scion bud along the branch direction by a knife to expose xylem, and then performing plane cutting continuously along the branch direction to form a plane cutting surface of the scion to obtain a scion branch tongue-shaped cutting piece connected to the scion branch; the length of the flat cutting surface of the scion is the same as that of the flat cutting surface of the kiwi fruit on-shelf tree in S1, and the cutting depth is 0.8 cm;
s3, inserting the scion branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S2 into the main vine branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S1, aligning the scion branches and cambiums of the main vine branches, tightly binding the scion branches and the cambiums of the main vine branches by using plastic strips, exposing bud eyes in spring, exposing bud eyes and leaf stalks in summer or autumn, and obtaining the high-grafted and head-changed kiwi fruit tree;
s4 timely thinning branches which are generated around the head of the kiwi fruit tree after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out in S3, pinching is carried out along a fruiting mother branch which grows out of a main vine when fruits are hung in the first year after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out, repeated pinching is carried out to promote the development of a scion branch, the scion branch is prolonged to form a branch vine of a new variety, the main vine of an original variety is removed when the kiwi fruit is pruned in winter after being harvested, the main vine of the new variety formed by the development of the scion branch replaces the original main vine, the fruiting mother branch of the new variety is formed in the second year after the head of the high grafting is changed, seed buds on the fruiting mother branch of the new variety form a fruit branch of the new variety, and the new variety is obtained after the fruit is hung.
By using the method of the embodiment, the yield value of the kiwi fruit of the original variety of the current year is 11800 yuan, and the yield value of the Jinfu new variety of the second year is 37000 yuan.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-grafting and head-changing method for kiwi fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, flatly cutting the main vine branch at the upper end of the position, where the head of the main vine branch needs to be changed, on the side face of the main vine of the erected tree of the kiwi fruit for a knife from the bark to the xylem direction to obtain a first cutting surface with the length of 3-4 cm and the cutting depth of 0.1cm, and flatly cutting the first cutting surface for a knife again along the direction of the first cutting surface, wherein the cutting depth of the second knife is 0.5cm to form a flat cutting surface of the erected tree of the kiwi fruit, and obtain a tongue-shaped cutting piece of the main vine branch connected to the main vine branch;
s2, selecting a straight surface from the back or the side of the scion bud, performing plane cutting on the scion branch from a position 1.5cm below the scion bud along the branch direction for a knife to expose xylem, and then performing plane cutting continuously along the branch direction to form a plane cutting surface of the scion to obtain a scion branch tongue-shaped cutting sheet connected to the scion branch; the length of the flat cutting surface of the scion is the same as that of the flat cutting surface of the kiwi fruit on-shelf tree in S1, and the cutting depth is 0.6-0.8 cm;
s3, inserting the scion branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S2 on the main vine branch tongue-shaped chips obtained in the S1, aligning the scion branches and cambiums of the main vine branches, and tightly binding the scion branches and the cambiums of the main vine branches by using plastic strips to obtain the kiwi fruit tree after high grafting and head changing;
s4, timely thinning branches which are generated around the head of the kiwi fruit tree after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out in S3, pinching along a fruiting mother branch which grows out of a main vine when fruits are hung in the first year after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting is carried out, repeated pinching promotes the development of a scion branch, the scion branch is prolonged and forms a branch vine of a new variety, the main vine of an original variety is removed when the kiwi fruit is pruned in winter after being harvested, the main vine of the new variety formed by the development of the scion branch replaces the original main vine, the fruiting mother branch of the new variety is formed in the second year after the head of the kiwi fruit tree is changed after the high grafting, seed buds on the fruiting mother branch of the new variety form a grafted.
2. The high grafting and head changing method for the kiwi tree according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the main vine branch at the upper end of S1 and the trunk is 60cm to 80 cm.
3. The method for high graft and head exchange of kiwi trees according to claim 1, wherein said scion shoot length in S2 is greater than 0.8 cm.
4. The method for high grafting and changing the head of a kiwi tree according to claim 1, wherein when the scion branches are bound with cambium of a main vine branch in S3, bud eyes are exposed in spring, and bud eyes and leafstalks are exposed in summer or autumn.
5. The method for high-grafting and changing the head of a kiwi fruit tree according to claim 1, wherein the tree age of the kiwi fruit tree which is already shelved in S1 is more than 3 years.
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| CN114557203B (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-08-22 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method of double-stock high-resistance kiwi fruit grafted seedlings |
Citations (2)
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| CN107251802A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-10-17 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method of Kiwi berry high position grafting |
| CN107750693A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北赞博信息科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry grafting technique |
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| CN107251802A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-10-17 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method of Kiwi berry high position grafting |
| CN107750693A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-06 | 湖北赞博信息科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry grafting technique |
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