CN112166850A - High-temperature high-grafting and seed changing method for pomelo trees - Google Patents
High-temperature high-grafting and seed changing method for pomelo trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166850A CN112166850A CN202011059332.9A CN202011059332A CN112166850A CN 112166850 A CN112166850 A CN 112166850A CN 202011059332 A CN202011059332 A CN 202011059332A CN 112166850 A CN112166850 A CN 112166850A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/10—Holders for boughs or branches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature high-grafting and seed-changing method for pomelo trees, which comprises the following steps: picking and storing scions, pruning the stocks, grafting the scions to the stocks, and finally performing post-grafting treatment; the pruning treatment of the rootstock specifically comprises the following steps: after a parent fruit tree is selected, pruning branches of the parent fruit tree, reserving 3-5 main branches or side branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as rootstocks, and using 3-5 weak branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm as auxiliary support branches and water-removing branches. The method for high-temperature high-grafting and replanting the pomelo trees selectively prunes the rootstocks and leaves the thin and weak branches, so that the root systems absorb nutrients and moisture from the soil, and meanwhile, the moisture conveyed to the grafting openings is balanced with the moisture required by the growth of the scions, the germination of the scions is facilitated, and the survival rate of high-temperature high-grafting and replanting the pomelo trees is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a high-temperature high-grafting and seed-changing method for pomelo trees.
Background
The pomelo belongs to subtropical evergreen fruit trees, and the pomelo pulp is rich in vitamin C, has the effects of helping digestion and relieving alcoholism, and is deeply popular with people. However, in the production process, the fruit quality of certain pomelo varieties is often reduced, the economic value is low, or good pomelo varieties need to be stored and observed in the communication process of the pomelo varieties, so that the pomelo varieties can be fruited as soon as possible. Under the conditions, the pomelo tree needs high grafting and replanting, namely, the scion of a good variety of the pomelo tree is grafted on the stock of the original pomelo tree for improvement, so that the method is not only beneficial to maintaining the good quality of the fruit tree, but also can bear fruits in advance, and is a shortcut for updating the variety of the pomelo tree.
The high grafting and changing of the pomelo trees are generally carried out in spring or autumn by adopting a mode of butt grafting or cutting grafting, the temperature of the high grafting and changing is generally suitable at 20-25 ℃, but the outdoor temperature generally reaches more than 30 ℃ due to higher temperature in southern areas, the water evaporation is fast, and the pomelo trees are not easy to survive in the high-temperature environment no matter the high grafting and changing is carried out in the mode of cutting grafting or in the mode of butt grafting, and the effect is not ideal. In the traditional grafting method, all branches on a parent fruit tree are usually trimmed, thin and weak branches are not reserved, and only a few thick and strong branches are reserved as stocks, so that under the condition that no leaves evaporate water, water absorbed from soil can only be discharged from a grafting opening, the grafting opening is generally wrapped by a plastic film, the water can be wrapped at the position of the grafting opening, and the grafting opening is easy to rot for a long time to cause low survival rate. Secondly, nutrients are conveyed to the grafting openings along with all moisture, so that the bud mouths at the lower part of the rootstocks are easy to germinate, the nutrients are retained at the bud positions, only a small part of nutrients can be conveyed to the scions, and the scions are difficult to survive.
Therefore, a method suitable for high temperature high grafting and changing of pomelo trees with high survival rate and operation at a temperature of more than 30 ℃ is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least the above drawbacks and to provide advantages which will be explained later.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for high temperature high grafting replacement of pomelo trees, which is suitable for operation at high temperature without affecting survival rate.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for high temperature high grafting of pomelo trees, comprising: picking and storing scions, pruning the stocks, grafting the scions to the stocks, and finally performing post-grafting treatment; the pruning treatment of the rootstock specifically comprises the following steps: after a parent fruit tree is selected, pruning the parent fruit tree, and reserving 3-5 main branches or side branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as rootstocks and 3-5 weak branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm.
According to the scheme, firstly, branches of parent fruit trees are cut off to form a plurality of stocks, fine weak branches are reserved, the small weak branches are branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, the fine weak branches are used as auxiliary nourishing branches and water-eliminating branches, a part of water absorbed by root systems from soil is evaporated, the water absorbed by the root systems is prevented from being evaporated all along a grafting opening, the water evaporated along the grafting opening is balanced with the water required by the growth of the scion, and the scion is prevented from being rotten due to the fact that water is accumulated and pressed at the grafting position.
Secondly, large branches extending outwards are selected to be trimmed to serve as stocks, so that scions are not staggered after grafting, and the large branches are selected to serve as the stocks with sufficient nutrition, so that the scions and the stocks in the early stage of grafting the stocks can provide the most direct nutrition for the scions, and the survival rate of high-temperature high-grafting and seed changing of the pomelo trees is improved; and selecting the outward extending branches to ensure the lighting of the grafted branches so as to further improve the survival rate of the high-temperature high-grafting and seed-changing of the pomelo trees. 3-5 thick and strong branches are selected as the rootstocks, the cuts of the rootstocks are suitable, and the problems that the rootstocks are difficult to support scions due to small cuts, wound surfaces of the rootstocks are difficult to cover by callus with large cuts in the current year, the wound surfaces of the rootstocks are prone to cracking due to exposure to sunlight and rain, and then germs are prone to invading from the cracking openings are solved.
Preferably, the preserving the harvested scions comprises: picking branches aged at the middle upper part as scions, wherein the length of the picked scions is 5-8 cm, immersing the picked scions in soapy water or a bactericide, cleaning, airing, putting into a sealed bag, and preserving at 0-4 ℃.
According to the scheme, the aged branches are selected as the scions, namely the branches with the colors changed into green are selected as the scions, the growth hormone content and the water content in the bark of the branches are high, oxidation or dehydration caused by failure of timely moisture absorption during grafting are avoided, and the scions can survive before the rootstocks sprout to avoid the rootstocks from sprouting and retain nutrients.
Secondly, the aged branches are used as scions, the nutrients are sufficient, most of the nutrients absorbed by the roots from the soil can be provided for the roots, so that the roots of the stocks can maintain growth, more nutrients can be absorbed from the soil, the roots can be continuously extended, and more nutrient supplies can be provided for the growth of young shoots.
And moreover, the scion is soaked in soap water or a bactericide, so that not only can the cut of the scion be prevented from being exposed in the air and easy to oxidize and inactivate, but also worm eggs on the scion can be removed, and the scion is stored in a sealed manner at the temperature of 0-4 ℃ to reduce the dehydration of the scion, so that the reduction of the vitality of the scion, which is not beneficial to healing after high grafting, is avoided.
Preferably, the scion is pretreated before grafting as follows: selecting branch segments with plump buds and wide and flat scions, flatly cutting 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm below the lower buds by using a knife, wherein the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5 cm, so as to expose a cambium and slightly expose a xylem at the tail end. And cutting off the scion on the surface opposite to the lower end of the long cutting surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and finally cutting off 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm above the bud to cut off the scion and keep moisture for later use.
According to the scheme, a plane is cut downwards from the position near the bud eye to expose the cambium, the tail end of the plane slightly exposes the xylem, division of cambium cells at the position is promoted, new xylem and phloem can be continuously generated, the tail end of the scion can be continuously thickened after grafting, powerful support can be provided for the young sprout, and the young sprout can absorb nutrients from the stock more favorably.
Preferably, the scissoring rootstock comprises: the height of the trimming is 80-100 cm from the ground; and when selecting and reserving weak branches, the branches with small diameter and weak growth are preferentially selected. The height not only facilitates the trimming of workers, but also controls the height of the high-grafting and seed-changing citrus, and facilitates the management of the high-grafting and seed-changing citrus. Meanwhile, the small and weak branches can be used for evaporating part of water absorbed by root systems from soil, and the leaves can be used for photosynthesis to generate nutrient substances for supply.
Preferably, the position of grafting is selected in the windward direction, so that the growth of the callus is facilitated, and the callus can cover the wound surface more quickly.
Preferably, the post-grafting treatment comprises: after grafting, spraying ant liquid medicine on the grafting part or around the trunk; wherein the ant liquid medicine is obtained by dissolving 10-20 g of ant medicine in 1L of water.
Preferably, the post-grafting treatment further comprises: and removing and binding the grafted and survived branches 20-30 days after grafting.
In the scheme, the grafted and survived branches are removed and bound, so that the condition that the respiratory action of the position is influenced due to the sealing of the bound position is avoided, and the growth of the scion is further influenced.
Preferably, the post-grafting treatment further comprises: and (3) within 30 days after grafting, removing the shoots on the rootstock every 7-10 days, particularly removing the shoots near the grafting position in time so as to prevent the shoots and the scion from competing for nutrients to influence the growth of the scion.
Preferably, the post-grafting treatment further comprises: after grafting, arranging an upright post when the young shoot of the scion grows to a length of 30-40 cm; one end of the stand is inserted into the ground or fixed on the main branch of the stock, the other end of the stand is higher than the grafting position by 1-2 cm, the stand and the young sprout are fixed through a rope, the stand is used for supporting the young sprout, and the problem that the joint is difficult to support and break due to the fact that the young sprout is long is avoided.
Preferably, the grafting is specifically: during grafting, cutting a small block at the outer edge of a cut on the cross section of the stock, and longitudinally and vertically cutting a cut between the cortex and the xylem, wherein the length of the cut is about 1.0-1.5 cm; for the rootstocks with branches growing for 3-4 years, grafting by adopting a single-scion grafting mode; for the rootstocks with 5 years and above big branches, single-scion grafting, double-scion grafting or four-scion grafting is selected according to the thickness of the rootstocks. During grafting, the pretreated scion is inserted into a stock cut, so that the long bevel is tightly attached to the vertical bevel of the stock, and the bud of the scion is higher than the cross section of the stock; and then the rootstock and the scion are tightly bound by a film to complete grafting.
In the scheme, the cortex and the xylem at the outer edge of the cross section of the rootstock are vertically cut downwards, so that the cut is smooth, the cortex at the position is exposed, and the healing of the cut is facilitated; the method is characterized in that the rootstock is trimmed, and single scion grafting, double scion grafting or four scion grafting is selected according to the thickness of the rootstock, so that the cut of the rootstock after trimming corresponds to the cut at the tail end of the scion, the contact surface of the rootstock after the two are spliced is large, the survival rate is high, and the method is favorable for the young shoots to smoothly absorb nutrients absorbed by the root system from soil.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, branches of parent fruit trees are cut to form a plurality of stocks, fine weak branches are reserved, the fine weak branches are branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, the fine weak branches are used as auxiliary culture branches and water-removing branches, a part of water absorbed by root systems from soil is evaporated, the fact that all water absorbed by the root systems is evaporated towards a grafting opening is avoided, the water evaporated towards the grafting opening is balanced with the water required by growth of scions, and the phenomenon that the scions are rotten due to the fact that water is accumulated and pressed at the grafting position is avoided. The small and weak branches can be used for evaporating part of water absorbed by root systems from soil, and the leaves can be used for photosynthesis to generate nutrient substances for supplying.
Secondly, large branches extending outwards are selected to be trimmed to serve as stocks, so that scions are not staggered after grafting, and the large branches are selected to serve as the stocks with sufficient nutrition, so that the scions and the stocks in the early stage of grafting the stocks can provide the most direct nutrition for the scions, and the survival rate of high-temperature high-grafting and seed changing of the pomelo trees is improved; and selecting the outward extending branches to ensure the lighting of the grafted branches so as to further improve the survival rate of the high-temperature high-grafting and seed-changing of the pomelo trees. 3-5 thick and strong branches are selected as the rootstocks, the cuts of the rootstocks are suitable, and the problems that the rootstocks are difficult to support scions due to small cuts, wound surfaces of the rootstocks are difficult to cover by callus with large cuts in the current year, the wound surfaces of the rootstocks are prone to cracking due to exposure to sunlight and rain, and then germs are prone to invading from the cracking openings are solved.
And the aged branches are selected as the scions, namely the branches with the color changed to green are selected as the scions, the growth hormone content and the water content in the bark of the branches are high, oxidation or dehydration caused by failure of timely absorbing water during grafting is avoided, the scions can survive before the stock sprouts, and the stock sprouts to retain nutrients.
And moreover, the aged branches are used as scions, the nutrients are sufficient, most of the nutrients absorbed by the roots from the soil can be provided for the roots, so that the roots of the stocks can maintain growth, more nutrients can be absorbed from the soil, and more nutrient supply is provided for the growth of the young shoots.
And moreover, the scion is soaked in soap water or a bactericide, so that not only can the cut of the scion be prevented from being exposed in the air and easy to oxidize and inactivate, but also worm eggs on the scion can be removed, and the scion is stored in a sealed manner at the temperature of 0-4 ℃ to reduce the dehydration of the scion, so that the reduction of the vitality of the scion, which is not beneficial to healing after high grafting, is avoided.
Finally, vertically cutting downwards between the cortex and the xylem at the outer edge of the cross section of the rootstock to ensure that the cut is smooth, and exposing the cortex at the position to be beneficial to healing of the cut; the method is characterized in that the rootstock is trimmed, and single scion grafting, double scion grafting or four scion grafting is selected according to the thickness of the rootstock, so that the cut of the rootstock after trimming corresponds to the cut at the tail end of the scion, the contact surface of the rootstock after the two are spliced is large, the survival rate is high, and the method is favorable for the young shoots to smoothly absorb nutrients absorbed by the root system from soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting middle-upper aged branches, cutting 8 cm of branches to serve as scions, and placing the scions into a sealed bag to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as stocks, wherein the height of the stocks for pruning is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving 3 branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
And step three, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to finish grafting.
Example 2
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting middle-upper aged branches, cutting 8 cm of branches to serve as scions, and placing the scions into a sealed bag to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃.
Selecting 5 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as rootstocks, wherein the height of pruning the rootstocks is 100 cm away from the ground; and 5 branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm are reserved, and the rest branches are cut off completely.
And step three, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to finish grafting.
Example 3
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting aged branches at the middle upper part, cutting 8 cm as scions, immersing the picked scions in soapy water, cleaning, airing, and storing in a sealed bag at 4 ℃.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as stocks, wherein the height of the stocks for pruning is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving 3 branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
And step three, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to finish grafting.
Example 4
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting aged branches at the middle upper part, cutting 8 cm as scions, immersing the picked scions in a bactericide, cleaning, airing, and storing in a sealed bag at 4 ℃.
And step two, selecting 2-3 buds in the branch sections with plump buds and wide and flat scions, and flatly cutting 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm below the lower bud by using a knife, wherein the cut surface is 1.0-1.5 cm long to expose a cambium and the tail end slightly exposes a xylem. And cutting the surface opposite to the lower end of the long cutting surface at an angle of 45 degrees to cut off the scion, and finally cutting the position 0.2-0.3 cm above the bud by 1 cutter to cut off the scion to obtain the scion to be grafted.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as rootstocks, wherein the height of pruning the rootstocks is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving 3 branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
And step four, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion and the cut of the stock to complete grafting.
Example 5
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting aged branches at the middle upper part, cutting 8 cm as scions, immersing the picked scions in a bactericide, cleaning, airing, and storing in a sealed bag at 4 ℃.
And step two, selecting 2-3 buds in the branch sections with plump buds and wide and flat scions, and flatly cutting 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm below the lower bud by using a knife, wherein the cut surface is 1.0-1.5 cm long to expose a cambium and the tail end slightly exposes a xylem. And cutting the surface opposite to the lower end of the long cutting surface at an angle of 45 degrees to cut off the scion, and finally cutting the position 0.2-0.3 cm above the bud by 1 cutter to cut off the scion to obtain the scion to be grafted.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as rootstocks, wherein the height of pruning the rootstocks is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving 3 branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
And step four, cutting off 0.2-0.3 cm of the outer edge of a cut on the cross section of the stock during grafting, longitudinally and vertically cutting a cut between the cortex and the xylem, wherein the cut is about 1.0 cm long, and thus a stock cut is formed.
Step five, grafting the rootstocks of the branches growing for 3-4 years by adopting a single-scion grafting mode; for the rootstocks with 5 years and above big branches, selecting single-scion grafting, double-scion grafting or four-scion grafting according to the thickness of the rootstocks; during grafting, the scion to be grafted is inserted into the stock notch, so that the long bevel is tightly attached to the vertical bevel of the stock, and then grafting is completed.
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 5, the step four is replaced by the following step:
and step four, cutting off 0.2-0.3 cm of the outer edge of a cut on the cross section of the stock during grafting, longitudinally and vertically cutting a cut between the cortex and the xylem, wherein the cut is about 1.5 cm long, and thus a stock cut is formed.
Example 7
On the basis of embodiment 5, the method further comprises the following steps:
step six, dissolving 15 g of ant medicine in 1 liter of water to obtain ant liquid medicine; after grafting, spraying ant liquid medicine on the grafted part or around the trunk.
Example 8
On the basis of embodiment 5, the method further comprises the following steps:
and step six, removing and binding the grafted and survived branches 20 days after grafting.
And seventhly, erasing the sprouts on the rootstocks every 8 days within 30 days after grafting.
Step eight, when the young shoot of the scion is 35 cm long, arranging an upright post, and fixing the upright post and the young shoot by using a rope; one end of the upright post is inserted into the ground or fixed on a main branch of the stock, and the other end of the upright post is 1 cm higher than the grafting position.
Example 9
On the basis of embodiment 7, the method further comprises the following steps:
and seventhly, removing and binding the grafted and survived branches 40 days after grafting.
And step eight, erasing the sprouts on the rootstocks every 8 days within 30 days after grafting.
Step eight, when the young shoot of the scion is 35 cm long, arranging an upright post, and fixing the upright post and the young shoot by using a rope;
one end of the upright post is inserted into the ground or fixed on a main branch of the stock, and the other end of the upright post is 1 cm higher than the grafting position.
Comparative example 1
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting middle-upper aged branches, cutting 8 cm of branches to serve as scions, and placing the scions into a sealed bag to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as stocks, wherein the height of the stocks for pruning is 100 cm away from the ground; and all the rest branches are cut off.
And step three, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to finish grafting.
Comparative example 2
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting middle-upper aged branches, cutting 8 cm of branches to serve as scions, and placing the scions into a sealed bag to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃.
Selecting 3 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as stocks, wherein the height of the stocks for pruning is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving all branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
And step three, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to finish grafting.
Comparative example 3
A method for top grafting and replanting of citrus comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting middle-upper aged branches, cutting 8 cm of branches to serve as scions, and placing the scions into a sealed bag to be stored at the temperature of 4 ℃.
Selecting 8 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as stocks, wherein the height of pruning is 100 cm away from the ground; and reserving all branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm, and cutting off all the rest branches.
Thirdly, connecting and fixing the tail end of the scion with the cut of the stock to complete grafting
Selecting a test field, wherein the fruit trees planted in the test field are uniform in size, randomly dividing the fruit trees in the test field into 12 groups, and dividing the fruit trees in each group into 5 fruit trees, wherein the fruit trees in groups 1-9 are grafted by the method of examples 1-9, the fruit trees in groups 10-12 are grafted by the method of comparative examples 1-3, observing for 30 days and recording the survival rate of grafting, and the results are as follows:
table 1: survival rate of each group
From the data in table 1, the data in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 show that the grafting method provided by the invention ensures that the moisture absorbed by the root system from the soil and transferred to the grafting opening is balanced with the moisture required by the growth of the scion by selectively pruning the rootstock and leaving the thin and weak branch, so that the growth of new shoots is facilitated, and the survival rate of high-temperature high-grafting and seed changing of the pomelo trees is effectively improved. The survival rate of the comparative example 1 without the remaining thin and weak branches is the lowest, and the remaining thin and weak branches are very important for the survival rate of the high-temperature grafting of the pomelo trees.
Comparing the data of example 1 and example 3, it can be seen that soaking the scion in soap water and then sealing the scion can effectively prevent worm eggs on the scion from damaging the scion; meanwhile, the aged branches are used as scions, so that the survival rate after grafting is higher. Comparing the data of example 3 and example 4, it can be seen that the pre-treatment of the scion before grafting can effectively improve the survival rate after grafting.
Comparing the data of the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5, the survival rate after grafting can be effectively improved by pruning the rootstock and the scion until the long bevel is closely attached to the vertical bevel of the rootstock.
The data of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 7, the embodiment 8 and the embodiment 9 show that the survival rate after grafting can be effectively improved by timely nursing the grafted position after grafting.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is therefore not to be limited to the specific details described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature high-grafting and seed-changing method for pomelo trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
picking and storing scions, pruning the stocks, grafting the scions to the stocks, and finally performing post-grafting treatment;
the pruning treatment of the rootstock specifically comprises the following steps: after a parent fruit tree is selected, pruning the parent fruit tree, and reserving 3-5 branches which extend outwards and are not staggered with each other as a stock and 3-5 weak branches with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm.
2. The high temperature high grafting method for pomelo trees of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preservation of the harvested scions comprises:
picking aged branches at the middle upper part of the pomelo tree as scions, wherein the length of the picked scions is 5-8 cm, immersing the picked scions in soapy water or a bactericide, cleaning, airing, putting into a sealed bag, and preserving at 0-4 ℃.
3. The method for high-temperature high-grafting replacement of pomelo trees of claim 1, wherein the scion is pretreated before grafting as follows:
selecting branch segments with plump buds and wide and flat scions, flatly cutting 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm below the lower buds by using a knife, wherein the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5 cm, so as to expose a cambium and slightly expose a xylem at the tail end. And cutting off the scion on the surface opposite to the lower end of the long cutting surface at an angle of 45 degrees, and finally cutting off 1 knife at a position 0.2-0.3 cm above the bud to cut off the scion and keep moisture for later use.
4. The method for high-temperature high-grafting replacement of pomelo trees according to claim 1, wherein when the rootstock is pruned, the distance between the cut of the pruned rootstock and the ground is 80-100 cm; and when selecting and reserving weak branches, the branches with small diameter and weak growth are preferentially selected.
5. The high temperature high grafting method for pomelo trees of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grafting position is selected in the windward direction of the parent fruit tree.
6. The method for high-temperature high-grafting replacement of pomelo trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-grafting treatment comprises:
after grafting, spraying ant liquid medicine on the grafting part or around the trunk to prevent ants; wherein the ant liquid medicine is obtained by dissolving 10-20 g of ant medicine in 1 liter of water.
7. The method for high temperature and high grafting replacement of pomelo trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-grafting treatment further comprises:
and removing and binding the grafted and survived branches 20-30 days after grafting.
8. The method for high temperature and high grafting replacement of pomelo trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-grafting treatment further comprises:
and within 30 days after grafting, removing the sprouts on the rootstock every 7 to 10 days.
9. The method for high temperature and high grafting replacement of pomelo trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the post-grafting treatment further comprises:
after grafting, arranging an upright post when the young shoot of the scion grows to a length of 30-40 cm; one end of the stand column is inserted into the ground or fixed on a main branch of the stock, the other end of the stand column is higher than the grafting position by 1-2 cm, and the stand column and the young sprout are fixed through a rope.
10. The high temperature high grafting method for pomelo trees of claim 3, which is characterized in that: the grafting process specifically comprises the following steps:
during grafting, cutting off 0.2-0.3 cm of the outer edge of a cut on the cross section of the stock, and longitudinally and vertically cutting a cut between the cortex and the xylem, wherein the length of the cut is about 1.0-1.5 cm; for the rootstocks with branches growing for 3-4 years, grafting by adopting a single-scion grafting mode; for the rootstocks with 5 years and above big branches, selecting single-scion grafting, double-scion grafting or four-scion grafting according to the thickness of the rootstocks;
during grafting, the pretreated scion is inserted into a stock cut, so that the long bevel is tightly attached to the vertical bevel of the stock, and the highest point of the scion is not lower than the cross section of the stock; and then the rootstock and the scion are tightly bound by a film bag to complete the scion.
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| CN114946432A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-08-30 | 安晓顺 | Improved method for walnut top grafting and top changing |
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