CN111937612A - Method for improving survival rate of apocarya square bud grafting - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of apocarya square bud grafting Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000561734 Celosia cristata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000005224 forefinger Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000899834 Obovaria olivaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of square bud grafting of apocarya, and belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation seedling raising. The method comprises the steps of processing a cutting orchard before grafting, increasing the size of a square block for square block budding, improving the position of a leaf-removed stem, managing after grafting and the like. According to the method, the scion cutting garden is pretreated in advance, so that the utilization rate of the stocks and the scions is improved, the uniformity of grafted seedlings is improved, and the survival rate of square bud grafting of apocarya is improved; by adopting the post-grafting topping treatment method, the light transmittance, ventilation and air permeability among the lines of the stocks and the illumination time of the grafted parts are increased, the influence of factors such as high temperature and high humidity on the healing process after grafting is reduced, meanwhile, partial leaves are left to retain the transpiration and photosynthesis of the stocks, and the rapid healing capacity of the grafted parts is improved; and by adopting the novel grafting knife, the working efficiency and the grafting survival rate are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation seedling raising, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of square bud grafting of apocarya.
Background
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch), also named Changshan walnut, American hickory nut, pecan.
The existing bud grafting technology of the carya illinoensis is bud grafting of summer squares and bud grafting of xylem in autumn.
The summer square budding is as follows: in summer, the lower square bark is taken from the stock, the scions with buds with the same size are attached to the stock, and the stock is tightly wrapped by a film.
At present, the main problems of the bud grafting of the apocarya in summer comprise: (1) the method is limited by environmental factors, the peeling and budding of the carya illinoensis can only be used in the arid and rainless environment in the middle 8-9 of the month, and the survival rate can be influenced too early or too late; (2) the requirement on the thickness of the stock is high, the survival of the stock grafted on the general grafting part with the diameter of more than or equal to 1cm is guaranteed, the stock is too thin, the grafting is difficult, and the survival rate is low. (3) The requirement for scion is high, and the scion must have sufficient water content to allow the phloem to be easily separated from the xylem.
In autumn, the bud grafting with xylem is as follows: in autumn, semi-lignified branch strong buds are adopted, square phloem parts with buds are cut off by a grafting knife, the phloem parts are attached to a stock with the phloem parts of the same size, and the stock is wrapped by a grafting film. The bud is generally exposed, called budding. The cutting tools for taking off the stock diamonds and the scion diamonds are divided into a single-edge knife and a double-edge knife, and the double-edge knife is mostly adopted.
The main problems of the method are as follows: (1) scions are generally collected from big fruit bearing trees, and no special scion cutting garden is provided, so that the scions have the problems of low water content, instability, drought weather, bud stripping, poor labor and unclean, the adhesiveness with stocks is reduced, and the survival rate is reduced; (2) the bud taking tool develops from a single-edge knife to a double-edge knife, but the control distance of the double-edge blade is small, the height of the taken bud is only 2.8-3.4cm generally, and the water is easily lost; (3) in the petiole removing mode, the lower cutter is close to the expansion position of the petiole base part, so that the wound area is large, the lower cutter is easy to rot, and the rotten part quickly spreads to the bud base part in a high-temperature and high-humidity season to cause bud necrosis; (4) the stock is trimmed after grafting, and the existing method does not trim after grafting, so that the illumination of bud blocks is insufficient, the ventilation is not smooth, and the survival rate is obviously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the survival rate of the square bud grafting of the carya illinoensis.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the survival rate of the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis squares comprises the following steps:
1) pre-grafting cutting nursery treatment: 1 month before the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis square block, the watering of the scion cutting garden is carried out by using an irrigation facility, so that the moisture is sufficient and the scion cutting garden is easy to peel when the scion cutting garden is grafted in 8 months;
the method comprises the following steps of screening and controlling scions once in 5-6 months for stock plants in a scion cutting garden, controlling the number of the available scions of each stock plant to be 10-12, and irrigating by utilizing an irrigation facility 1 month before the bud grafting of carya illinoensis squares is started, so that the water content of the scions is improved, and the buds are conveniently taken during grafting;
2) increasing the size of the square blocks for square block budding: during grafting, selecting current-year shoots which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and 1cm-1.5cm thick from the scions, immediately cutting off leaves after the scions are picked, only leaving a small segment of leaf stalk, placing the scions in a barrel, filling 3-5cm of water at the bottom of the barrel, immersing scion cuts in water, covering the scions tightly by using wet cloth, and placing the scions in a humid and cool place to reduce water loss;
cutting a square bud block with the width of 1cm-1.2cm and the length of 3.5-4.0cm on the stock by using a grafting knife at a flat and smooth part with the upper part of 10cm-15cm of the stock root to reach the xylem deeply; picking up the cortex and tearing off the cortex, and reserving a 2-3 mm wide and 2cm long wound flow port on one side of the lower end of the cut; selecting scions with the thickness equivalent to that of the stocks, cutting bud slices with the same size as the cuts of the stocks by the same method, enabling bud bodies to be located at positions close to the upper middle parts of the bud slices, pinching the base parts of the leaf stalks by thumbs and forefingers, slightly forcibly taking down the bud slices to one side, immediately attaching the bud slices to the cuts of the stocks after taking down the bud slices, tightly winding the bud slices from bottom to top by using a grafting film, exposing the bud bodies outside, and not completely plugging the wound;
3) when the leaf stalk is cut off, the grafting knife is vertical to the leaf stalk, the length of the leaf stalk is 0.3-0.5cm above the expanded part of the base part of the leaf stalk, and the wound area is reduced;
4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, pruning the stock to leave 4-5 leaf stems, and reserving 3-4 leaves for each leaf stem; irrigation and fertilization are avoided within 3-5 days after grafting; unbinding after leaf falling, and completely cutting off the part above the grafting opening of the stock by more than 2 cm; when the scion bud sprouts in the spring of the 2 nd year, new buds sprouting on the stock wood segments are erased in time; topdressing according to soil conditions, timely removing weeds and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, timely tying new slightly skewed grafted seedlings with bamboo poles, and ensuring seedling water supply by using drip irrigation facilities;
the grafting knife comprises a blade, a support body, a sliding chute, a sawtooth-shaped sliding rail and a push-pull block; the both sides of supporter are equipped with the spout that the position corresponds each other and is parallel to each other, and the blade afterbody is equipped with the push-and-pull piece, and the push-and-pull piece pushes away the blade and removes in the spout, and the spout is equipped with the cockscomb structure slide rail, interference fit between the external diameter of push-and-pull piece and the cockscomb structure slide rail.
Further, in the step 2), the screening and controlling of the scions are specifically carried out by carrying out topping control on the trunk of the stock plant and carrying out pinching treatment on the bare-rooted branches; meanwhile, pruning is carried out on small branches which grow slowly and are pressed.
Further, in the step 2), after scions are picked, grafting is carried out on the same day.
Further, in the step 3), the buds are taken off, and the buds with the yellow and brown inner surfaces cannot be used.
Further, the number of the blades is 2, and the blades are double-edged blades and are completely equal in shape.
Furthermore, the blade is provided with length scales.
Furthermore, the support body is provided with a budding hole.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention improves the scion quality and improves the healing capacity of the grafting part by pre-treating the scion cutting garden in advance;
2) according to the invention, by adopting the post-grafting topping treatment method, the light transmittance, ventilation and air permeability among the parental stock lines and the illumination time of the grafted part are increased, and the influence of factors such as high temperature and high humidity on the healing process after grafting is reduced. Meanwhile, partial leaves are reserved to reserve the transpiration and photosynthesis of the rootstock, so that the rapid healing capacity of the grafted part is improved;
3) according to the invention, through the links of pre-grafting scion cutting garden treatment, square block size improvement, leaf-removing stem position improvement, post-grafting management and the like, the utilization rate of the stock and the scion is improved, the uniformity of grafted seedling results is increased, the bud grafting survival rate of the carya illinoensis squares is improved, and the generation cost is reduced;
4) the invention uses a novel grafting knife, thereby improving the working efficiency and the survival rate of square bud grafting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A grafting knife comprises a blade 1, a support body 2, a chute 3, a sawtooth-shaped slide rail 4 and a push-pull block 5; 2 both sides of supporter are equipped with the spout 3 that the position corresponds each other and is parallel to each other, and 1 afterbody of blade is equipped with push-and-pull piece 5, and push-and-pull piece 5 promotes blade 1 and removes in spout 3, and spout 3 is equipped with cockscomb structure slide rail 4, interference fit between the external diameter of push-and-pull piece 5 and cockscomb structure slide rail 4, and the blade of being convenient for spills the supporter after certain length, fixes. The number of the blades 1 is 2, and the blades are double-edged blades and are completely equal in shape. The blade 1 is provided with length scales which can be used for measuring the thickness of the scion, the length and the width of the bud block and the bud slice. One side that is close to blade play spout on the supporter 2 is provided with the bud and connects hole 6, and the bud body is not damaged on the protection bud piece. After the use, the blade 1 is retracted into the chute 3, so that the carrying is convenient. The grafting knife has the characteristics of safe operation and high bud grafting efficiency.
Example 2
A method for improving the survival rate of the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis squares comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-grafting cutting nursery treatment
1 month before the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis square block, namely from the beginning of 7 months, the watering device is used for replenishing water to the scion cutting garden, so that sufficient water and easy peeling are ensured when grafting is carried out in 8 months.
The method comprises the following steps of performing primary scion screening and control process on a stock plant in a scion cutting garden in 5-6 months, specifically, performing top pressing control on a trunk of the stock plant obviously, and performing pinching treatment on bare-rooted branches; meanwhile, small branches which grow slowly and are pressed strongly are pruned. The number of usable scions of each stock plant is preferably controlled to be 10-12. Irrigation facilities are required to be utilized for continuous irrigation 1 month in advance so as to improve the water content of the scion and bring convenience to bud taking during grafting.
(2) Increasing the size of the square for square budding
During grafting, the current-year twig which grows robustly and has no diseases and pests and the thickness of 1cm-1.5cm is selected as the scion. After the scion is picked, immediately cutting off leaves (only a small segment of leaf stalk is left), placing the scion in a plastic barrel, filling 3-5cm of water at the barrel bottom, immersing the scion cut into the water, tightly covering the scion with wet cloth, and placing in a humid and cool place to reduce water loss. The scions need to be collected on the same day and used on the same day.
A grafting knife (a double-edged knife with the width of about 3.5-4.0 cm) is used for cutting a square bud block with the width of 1-1.2 cm and the length of 3.5-4.0cm on a straight and smooth part at the upper part of 10-15 cm of the stock root to reach the xylem deeply. Picking up the cortex and tearing it off, and leaving a 2mm-3mm wide and 2cm long wound on one side of the lower end of the incision. Selecting scions with the same thickness as the rootstocks, cutting bud slices (the bud bodies are positioned at the positions close to the middle upper parts of the bud slices) with the same size as the rootstock incisions by the same operation method, pinching the base parts of the petioles by a thumb and a forefinger, slightly forcibly taking off the bud slices towards one side, and not using the bud slices with the inner surfaces which are yellowish and browned. After the bud slices are taken down, the bud slices are immediately attached to the cuts of the stocks (the stocks cannot be bent), the bud slices are tightly wound by a grafting film from bottom to top, the buds are exposed outside, and the wound openings cannot be completely blocked. The grafting needs to be performed quickly, and the exposure time of the wound in the air is reduced by using methods of quick cutting, quick grafting and quick binding.
(3) When the leaf stalk is cut off, the grafting knife is vertical to the leaf stalk, the length of the leaf stalk is 0.3-0.5cm above the expanded part of the base part of the leaf stalk, and the wound area is reduced.
(4) Post-grafting management
Immediately after grafting, the rootstock was trimmed to leave only 4-5 leaves, each leaf leaving 3-4 leaves. Within 3-5 days after grafting, irrigation and fertilization are not performed; and (4) unbinding after leaf dropping, and completely cutting off the part above the grafting opening of the rootstock by more than 2 cm. And in spring of the 2 nd year, when the scion bud sprouts, the new bud sprouting on the stock wood segment is erased in time. Topdressing according to the situation, timely removing weeds, treating plant diseases and insect pests, timely tying new slightly skewed grafted seedlings with bamboo poles, and guaranteeing the water supply of the seedlings by using drip irrigation facilities.
As shown in Table 1, compared with the bud grafting method with xylem in autumn and the bud grafting method in summer, the method of the invention obviously improves the bud grafting survival rate of the carya illinoensis squares.
TABLE 1 comparison of different bud grafting treatment methods for Carya illinoensis
| Bud grafting method | Survival rate (%) |
| Bud grafting with xylem in autumn | 55 |
| Summer square budding | 80 |
| The improved method of the invention | 95 |
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis blocks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pre-grafting cutting nursery treatment: 1 month before the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis square block, the watering of the scion cutting garden is carried out by using an irrigation facility, so that the moisture is sufficient and the scion cutting garden is easy to peel when the scion cutting garden is grafted in 8 months;
the method comprises the following steps of screening and controlling scions once in 5-6 months for stock plants in a scion cutting garden, controlling the number of the available scions of each stock plant to be 10-12, and irrigating by utilizing an irrigation facility 1 month before the bud grafting of carya illinoensis squares is started, so that the water content of the scions is improved, and the buds are conveniently taken during grafting;
2) increasing the size of the square blocks for square block budding: during grafting, selecting current-year shoots which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and 1cm-1.5cm thick from the scions, immediately cutting off leaves after the scions are picked, only leaving a small segment of leaf stalk, placing the scions in a barrel, filling 3-5cm of water at the bottom of the barrel, immersing scion cuts in water, covering the scions tightly by using wet cloth, and placing the scions in a humid and cool place to reduce water loss;
cutting a square bud block with the width of 1cm-1.2cm and the length of 3.5-4.0cm on the stock by using a grafting knife at a flat and smooth part with the upper part of 10cm-15cm of the stock root to reach the xylem deeply; picking up the cortex and tearing off the cortex, and reserving a 2-3 mm wide and 2cm long wound flow port on one side of the lower end of the cut; selecting scions with the thickness equivalent to that of the stocks, cutting bud slices with the same size as the cuts of the stocks by the same method, enabling bud bodies to be located at positions close to the upper middle parts of the bud slices, pinching the base parts of the leaf stalks by thumbs and forefingers, slightly forcibly taking down the bud slices to one side, immediately attaching the bud slices to the cuts of the stocks after taking down the bud slices, tightly winding the bud slices from bottom to top by using a grafting film, exposing the bud bodies outside, and not completely plugging the wound;
3) when the leaf stalk is cut off, the grafting knife is vertical to the leaf stalk, the length of the leaf stalk is 0.3-0.5cm above the expanded part of the base part of the leaf stalk, and the wound area is reduced;
4) and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, pruning the stock to leave 4-5 leaf stems, and reserving 3-4 leaves for each leaf stem; irrigation and fertilization are avoided within 3-5 days after grafting; unbinding after leaf falling, and completely cutting off the part above the grafting opening of the stock by more than 2 cm; when the scion bud sprouts in the spring of the 2 nd year, new buds sprouting on the stock wood segments are erased in time; topdressing according to soil conditions, timely removing weeds and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, timely tying new slightly skewed grafted seedlings with bamboo poles, and ensuring seedling water supply by using drip irrigation facilities;
the grafting knife comprises a blade (1), a support body (2), a sliding chute (3), a sawtooth-shaped sliding rail (4) and a push-pull block (5); supporter (2) both sides are equipped with position and correspond spout (3) that just are parallel to each other, blade (1) afterbody is equipped with push-and-pull piece (5), and push-and-pull piece (5) promote blade (1) and remove in spout (3), spout (3) are equipped with cockscomb structure slide rail (4), interference fit between the external diameter of push-and-pull piece (5) and cockscomb structure slide rail (4).
2. The method for improving the survival rate of the square bud grafting of the carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the scions are screened and controlled by carrying out topping control on the trunk of the stock plant and carrying out pinching treatment on the bare branches; meanwhile, pruning is carried out on small branches which grow slowly and are pressed.
3. The method for improving the survival rate of the square bud grafting of the carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), after the scions are picked, grafting is carried out on the same day.
4. The method for improving survival rate of square bud grafting of apocarya as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the buds with yellowish-browned inner surfaces cannot be used after the buds are taken off.
5. The method for improving the survival rate of the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis squares as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2 blades (1) are provided, and are double-edged blades and are completely equi-shaped.
6. The method for improving the survival rate of the carya illinoensis square bud grafting according to claim 1, wherein the blade (1) is provided with length scales.
7. The method for improving the survival rate of the bud grafting of the carya illinoensis squares as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support body (2) is provided with bud holes (6).
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113455210A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-01 | 旺苍县新程农林科技发展有限公司 | Method for budding walnut trees by using cover skins |
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Application publication date: 20201117 |