CN110896742A - Red maple grafting seedling method - Google Patents
Red maple grafting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896742A CN110896742A CN201911139028.2A CN201911139028A CN110896742A CN 110896742 A CN110896742 A CN 110896742A CN 201911139028 A CN201911139028 A CN 201911139028A CN 110896742 A CN110896742 A CN 110896742A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red maple grafting seedling method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of stock selection and pretreatment, stock treatment, scion selection and treatment, grafting treatment, post-grafting management, fertilization and maintenance, the red maple grafted seedlings are cultured for 10-20 days, the average survival rate reaches over 95%, the period is short, the survival rate is high, the growth vigor is good, the method is simple and convenient to operate, the economy is good, and the industrialized grafted seedlings can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting seedling culture, and particularly relates to a red maple grafting seedling culture method.
Background
The red maple is also called red-leaf feather maple, is a variety of acer palmatum belonging to the family Aceraceae, and is a deciduous small tree. The leaves are beautiful, and the red color is bright and durable, so the leaves are often used as potted plants for appreciation. Red maple is sunlight-loving, afraid of burning sun and sunny, is loving warm and humid climate, is cold-resistant and slightly drought-resistant; the red maple has the beneficial effects of enjoying sight, beautifying the environment, preventing water and soil loss and the like.
At present, red maple seedlings are mainly grafted, specifically, tender branches of red maple are grafted on a stock and then are managed after grafting, namely, a traditional red maple grafting seedling method, but in the actual seedling process, the problems of low survival rate of the red maple seedlings after grafting, weak disease and insect resistance of the seedlings and the like always exist, the problems are mainly caused by missing the best season of grafting, more moisture is released, the healing effect of a connector during grafting is poor, and the tender buds cannot absorb required nutrition and moisture to cause withering and death.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grafting seedling method for red maples, which realizes rapid propagation, high survival rate, strong disease resistance, low cost and convenient operation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the grafting seedling method of red maples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting and pretreating a stock, selecting a 2-4-year-old acer palmatum seedling as the stock, removing leaves and branches within 10-20cm from the bottom of the stock to the ground, and simultaneously reserving the leaves and branches below a grafting part, wherein the height of the stock is 1.3-1.5 m from the ground;
s2: treating the rootstock, namely selecting a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground, sawing the rootstock into a V-shaped notch by using a saw, namely cutting two long cutting surfaces with the oblique length of 5-7cm at the lower end of the rootstock by using a cutter, wherein the oblique cutting surfaces are flat and smooth, stripping the cortex and the xylem of the rootstock at the V-shaped notch by using the cutter, the stripped length is 1-3 cm, respectively coating 10-20ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the stripped cortex and the xylem of the rootstock, then coating 15-25ml of 6-benzylpurine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, and finally performing wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the xylem;
s3: selecting and processing scions, namely collecting the scions from robust red maple trees without diseases and insect pests by adopting a branch grafting method, reserving 2-4 plump buds for each section of the scions, cutting and grafting the joints of the scions into a V-shaped convex structure, namely cutting two long cut surfaces with the length of 3-5cm at the lower end of each scion to be grafted by utilizing a cutter, flattening the cut surfaces and ensuring smoothness, avoiding sunlight exposure after collection, only reserving leaf stalks with the length of 3-5cm along with cutting and leaf compounding, soaking the cut surfaces in 30-50ml of a solution containing 0.1mg/ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 6-8 hours, and then carrying out wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the wood layer of the scions;
s4: the grafting treatment, namely removing wax attached to the surface area of the wood layer of the scion, rinsing the scion for 10-12min by using clear water, coating 15-25ml of 6-benzyl purine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the wood layer of the scion, removing the wax layer of the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, washing the stock by using dipping rag soaked in clear water for 6-8min, coating indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 100 plus and 300ppm on the surface area of the stock and the wood layer of the stock, grafting the scion on the stock, performing wax sealing treatment at a connector, attaching active mud on the surface of the connector, wrapping the grafted area by using a plastic film after 30min, and binding the plastic film by using an adhesive tape;
s5: managing after grafting, namely removing a plastic film bound on the rootstock, cleaning attached active mud and a cleaning wax layer and simultaneously removing sprouts germinated on the rootstock 10-20 days after grafting is finished;
s6: fertilizing and maintaining, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6:2:2, namely broadcasting or irrigating once every 7-9 days, and after 2-4 months of grafting, mainly applying rotten pigsty, cattle and duck fence fertilizer.
Preferably, the rootstock is sawed into a V-shaped notch, the interface of the scion is cut and grafted into a V-shaped convex structure, the contact area between the scion and the rootstock can be increased during grafting, the scion can fully absorb moisture and nutrient substances, and the survival rate of the scion is ensured.
Preferably, the cortex and the wood layer of the rootstock are respectively coated with the triclosan acetic acid solution and then coated with the 6-benzyl purine solution, so that the wound of the rootstock caused by bark breaking can be quickly healed.
Preferably, before grafting, 6-benzyl purine solution is smeared on the surface of the scion, indolebutyric acid is smeared on the rootstock, the rapid growth of the scion is facilitated, and the survival rate of the scion is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the red maple grafting seedling culture method has the advantages that the red maple grafting seedling culture lasts for 10-20 days, the average survival rate reaches more than 95%, the grafting period is short, the survival rate is high, and the growth vigor is good.
2. The red maple grafting seedling method is simple and convenient to operate, good in economy and capable of achieving industrialized grafting seedling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description, but is not limited to the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A red maple grafting seedling method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and pretreating a stock, selecting a 2-year-old acer palmatum seedling as the stock, removing leaves and branches within 10cm from the bottom of the stock to the ground, and simultaneously keeping the leaves and branches below a grafting part, wherein the height of the stock is 1.3m from the ground;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) treating a stock, selecting a position 0.8 m away from the ground, sawing the stock into a V-shaped notch by using a saw, namely cutting two long cutting surfaces with the oblique length of 5cm at the lower end of the stock by using a cutter, wherein the oblique cutting surfaces are flat and smooth, stripping a stock cortex and a xylem at the V-shaped notch by using the cutter, the stripped length is 1cm, respectively coating 10ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the stripped stock cortex and wood layer, coating 15ml of 6-benzylpurine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, and finally performing wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the xylem layer;
s3: selecting and processing scions, namely collecting the scions from a strongly growing red maple tree without diseases and insect pests by adopting a branch grafting method, reserving 2 full buds for each section of the scions, cutting and grafting the joints of the scions to form a V-shaped convex structure, namely cutting two long cut surfaces with the length of 3cm at the lower end of each scion to be cut by a cutter, flattening the cut surfaces and ensuring smoothness, avoiding sunlight exposure after collection, only reserving leaf stalks with the length of 3cm along with leaf shearing and leaf covering, soaking the cut surfaces in 30ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml for 6 hours, and then carrying out wax coating protection processing on the surface area of a wooden layer of the scions;
s4: the grafting treatment comprises the steps of removing wax attached to the surface area of the wood layer of the scion, rinsing the scion for 10min by using clean water, coating 15ml of 6-benzyl purine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the wood layer of the scion, removing the wax layer of the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, dipping and washing the stock by using a cleaning cloth soaked in clean water for 6min, coating indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 100ppm on the stock and the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, grafting the scion on the stock, performing wax sealing treatment on the interface, attaching active mud on the surface of the interface, wrapping the grafted area by using a plastic film after 30min, and binding the plastic film by using an adhesive tape;
s5: managing after grafting, namely removing a plastic film bound on the rootstock, cleaning attached active mud and a cleaning wax layer 10 days after grafting is finished, and simultaneously removing sprouts germinated on the rootstock;
s6: fertilizing and maintaining, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6:2:2, namely broadcasting or irrigating once every 7 days, and after 2 months of grafting, mainly applying rotten pigsty, cattle and duck fence fertilizer.
In the present example, the number of cuttings is 50, 47 cuttings survive, and the survival rate reaches 94%.
Example 2
A red maple grafting seedling method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and pretreating a stock, selecting a 3-year-old acer palmatum seedling as the stock, removing leaves and branches within 15cm from the bottom of the stock to the ground, and simultaneously keeping the leaves and branches below a grafting part, wherein the height of the stock is 1.4m from the ground;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) treating a stock, selecting a position 0.9 m away from the ground, sawing the stock into a V-shaped notch by using a saw, namely cutting two long cutting surfaces with the oblique length of 6cm at the lower end of the stock by using a cutter, wherein the oblique cutting surfaces are flat and smooth, stripping a stock cortex and a xylem at the V-shaped notch by using the cutter, wherein the stripped length is 2cm, respectively smearing 15ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the stripped stock cortex and wood, smearing 20ml of 6-benzylpurine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, and finally performing wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the xylem layer;
s3: selecting and processing scions, namely collecting the scions from a strongly growing red maple tree without diseases and insect pests by adopting a branch grafting method, wherein each section of the scions is kept with 3 full buds, the joints of the scions are cut into a V-shaped convex structure, namely, a cutter is utilized to cut two long cut surfaces with the length of 4cm at the lower end of the scions to be grafted, the cut surfaces are flat and smooth, the scions are prevented from being exposed to sunlight after collection, leaf stalks with the length of 4cm are only left after leaf shearing and leaf replanting, the scions are inserted into 40ml of solution containing 0.1mg/ml of dichloroethoxy acetic acid solution for soaking for 7 hours, and then wax coating protection processing is carried out on the surface area of the wood layer of the scions;
s4: the grafting treatment comprises the steps of removing wax attached to the surface area of the wood layer of the scion, rinsing the scion with clear water for 11min, coating 20ml of 6-benzyl purine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the wood layer of the scion, removing the wax layer of the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, dipping and washing the stock with cleaning cloth soaked with clear water for 7min, coating indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 200ppm on the stock and the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, grafting the scion on the stock, performing wax sealing treatment on an interface, attaching active mud on the surface of the interface, wrapping the grafted area with a plastic film after 30min, and binding the plastic film with an adhesive tape;
s5: managing after grafting, namely removing a plastic film bound on the rootstock, cleaning attached active mud and a cleaning wax layer 15 days after grafting is finished, and simultaneously removing sprouts germinated on the rootstock;
s6: fertilizing and maintaining, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6:2:2, namely broadcasting or irrigating once every 8 days, and after grafting for 3 months, mainly applying rotten pigsty, cattle and duck fence fertilizer.
In the embodiment, the number of cuttings is 50, the cuttings survive 48, and the survival rate reaches 96%.
Example 3
A red maple grafting seedling method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting and pretreating a stock, selecting a 4-year-old acer palmatum seedling as the stock, removing leaves and branches within 20cm from the bottom of the stock to the ground, and simultaneously keeping the leaves and branches below a grafting part, wherein the height of the stock is 1.5m from the ground;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) treating a stock, selecting a position 1.0 m away from the ground, sawing the stock into a V-shaped notch by using a saw, namely cutting two long cutting surfaces with the oblique length of 7cm at the lower end of the stock by using a cutter, wherein the oblique cutting surfaces are flat and smooth, stripping a stock cortex and a xylem at the V-shaped notch by using the cutter, wherein the stripped length is 3cm, respectively coating 20ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the stripped stock cortex and wood, coating 25ml of 6-benzylpurine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, and finally performing wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the xylem layer;
s3: selecting and processing scions, namely collecting the scions from a strongly growing red maple tree without diseases and insect pests by adopting a branch grafting method, wherein each section of the scions is kept with 4 full buds, the joints of the scions are cut into a V-shaped convex structure, namely, a cutter is utilized to cut two long cut surfaces with the length of 5cm at the lower end of the scions to be grafted, the cut surfaces are flat and smooth, the scions are prevented from being exposed to sunlight after collection, leaf stalks with the length of 5cm are only left after leaf shearing and leaf replanting, the scions are inserted into 50ml of solution containing 0.1mg/ml of dichloroethoxy acetic acid solution for soaking for 8 hours, and then wax coating protection processing is carried out on the surface area of the wood layer of the scions;
s4: the grafting treatment comprises the steps of removing wax attached to the surface area of the wood layer of the scion, rinsing the scion with clear water for 12min, coating 25ml of 6-benzyl purine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the wood layer of the scion, removing the wax layer of the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, dipping and washing the stock with a cleaning cloth soaked with clear water for 8min, coating indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 300ppm on the stock and the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, grafting the scion on the stock, performing wax sealing treatment on an interface, attaching active mud on the surface of the interface, wrapping the grafted area with a plastic film after 30min, and binding the plastic film with an adhesive tape;
s5: managing after grafting, namely removing a plastic film bound on the rootstock, cleaning attached active mud and a cleaning wax layer 20 days after grafting is finished, and simultaneously removing sprouts germinated on the rootstock;
s6: fertilizing and maintaining, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6:2:2, namely broadcasting or irrigating once every 9 days, and after 4 months of grafting, mainly applying rotten pigsty, cattle and duck fence fertilizer.
In the embodiment, the number of cuttings is 50, the cuttings survive 49, and the survival rate reaches 98%.
Technical solution of the present invention is described as an example, and it is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the protection scope of the present invention as long as various insubstantial modifications are made by using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the inventive concept and technical solution are directly applied to other occasions without modifications.
Claims (1)
1. The grafting seedling method of red maples is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting and pretreating a stock, selecting a 2-4-year-old acer palmatum seedling as the stock, removing leaves and branches within 10-20cm from the bottom of the stock to the ground, and simultaneously reserving the leaves and branches below a grafting part, wherein the height of the stock is 1.3-1.5 m from the ground;
s2: treating the rootstock, namely selecting a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground, sawing the rootstock into a V-shaped notch by using a saw, namely cutting two long cutting surfaces with the oblique length of 5-7cm at the lower end of the rootstock by using a cutter, wherein the oblique cutting surfaces are flat and smooth, stripping the cortex and the xylem of the rootstock at the V-shaped notch by using the cutter, the stripped length is 1-3 cm, respectively coating 10-20ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the stripped cortex and the xylem of the rootstock, then coating 15-25ml of 6-benzylpurine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml, and finally performing wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the xylem;
s3: selecting and processing scions, namely collecting the scions from robust red maple trees without diseases and insect pests by adopting a branch grafting method, reserving 2-4 plump buds for each section of the scions, cutting and grafting the joints of the scions into a V-shaped convex structure, namely cutting two long cut surfaces with the length of 3-5cm at the lower end of each scion to be grafted by utilizing a cutter, flattening the cut surfaces and ensuring smoothness, avoiding sunlight exposure after collection, only reserving leaf stalks with the length of 3-5cm along with cutting and leaf compounding, soaking the cut surfaces in 30-50ml of a solution containing 0.1mg/ml of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 6-8 hours, and then carrying out wax coating protection treatment on the surface area of the wood layer of the scions;
s4: the grafting treatment, namely removing wax attached to the surface area of the wood layer of the scion, rinsing the scion for 10-12min by using clear water, coating 15-25ml of 6-benzyl purine solution with the concentration of 0.1mg/ml on the wood layer of the scion, removing the wax layer of the surface area of the wood layer of the stock, washing the stock by using dipping rag soaked in clear water for 6-8min, coating indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 100 plus and 300ppm on the surface area of the stock and the wood layer of the stock, grafting the scion on the stock, performing wax sealing treatment at a connector, attaching active mud on the surface of the connector, wrapping the grafted area by using a plastic film after 30min, and binding the plastic film by using an adhesive tape;
s5: managing after grafting, namely removing a plastic film bound on the rootstock, cleaning attached active mud and a cleaning wax layer and simultaneously removing sprouts germinated on the rootstock 10-20 days after grafting is finished;
s6: fertilizing and maintaining, mainly applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6:2:2, namely broadcasting or irrigating once every 7-9 days, and after 2-4 months of grafting, mainly applying rotten pigsty, cattle and duck fence fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111631030A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-08 | 南京林业大学 | Method for high-position bud grafting seedling raising of Japanese red maple |
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