CN109121782B

CN109121782B - Method for culturing specific stem shape of woody plant

Info

Publication number: CN109121782B
Application number: CN201810935059.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郁万文; 罗佳亲; 曹福亮; 汪贵斌; 蔡金峰
Original assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Current assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Priority date: 2018-08-16
Filing date: 2018-08-16
Publication date: 2020-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-16
Also published as: CN109121782A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating a specific dry shape of a woody plant, which comprises the steps of grafting scions taken from a parent tree with a slow growth speed in a layer-by-layer staggered manner on a main trunk of a stock with a fast growth speed by using two woody plants with a great difference of growth speed and high grafting affinity by a bud grafting method, and cultivating the scions into the specific dry shape which has the characteristics of a tortoise-back bamboo stem and is bent in a zigzag manner. The method makes up the defect of woody plants which not only have tortoise shell-shaped trunk skins, but also have zigzag bent trunks, is easy to realize, and the product has higher ornamental value.

Description

Method for culturing specific stem shape of woody plant

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of garden tree shapes, in particular to a cultivation method of a woody plant specific stem shape.

Background

The bamboo culm base of tortoise shell and the internode of a long stalk are continuously in irregular short swelling and are intersected and continuously like tortoise shell. The trunks and branches of ornamental varieties such as jujubes, pagoda tree, mulberries, willow herb and the like are twisted and grow to be bent in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji', and the branches are turned back to be coiled, so that the ornamental varieties have high ornamental value. The number of woody plant germplasm resources having the ornamental character in nature is not large; woody plants having both tortoise-shell-like trunk skins and zigzag-shaped bent trunks have not been found.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to cultivate a garden ornamental tree which not only has tortoise shell-shaped trunk skins, but also has a zigzag bent trunk.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

a method for culturing the specific trunk of woody plant features that two woody plants with high graft affinity and high growth speed difference are grafted to the trunk of stock by the method of sticking tooth, and includes such steps as:

(1) culturing rootstocks, namely selecting woody plants with fast growth and early phenological period as the rootstocks, culturing seedlings by adopting a seeding seedling culture or cutting seedling culture method, continuously removing lateral branches on trunks for 2-3 years, smearing terminal buds with a growth promoter when sap begins to flow and buds sprout in spring every year, and culturing single-trunk rootstock seedlings without lateral branches; selecting the single-trunk seedling without lateral branches which grows robustly and has developed root system for in-situ grafting in 3 months in the third year or the fourth year;

(2) culturing the scion stock tree, selecting a woody plant which grows slowly and has a late phenological period and high grafting affinity with the rootstock as the scion stock tree, advancing the scion stock tree seedling by 1-2 years compared with the rootstock seedling, breeding the scion stock tree by adopting a seeding seedling or cutting seedling method, and timely pruning until the thickness of the stock tree is equivalent to that of the rootstock during grafting;

(3) bud sticking grafting, and grafting in the last ten days of 3 months, wherein the method specifically comprises the steps of taking a point close to the thickness of a scion tree and a stock as a central point, cutting downwards from a position 5cm above the central point to a medulla at the central position, cutting upwards from a position 5cm below the central position to a medulla at the central position, and cutting long-strip-shaped buds with xylem to ensure that each bud has 2-3 bud eyes;

determining a first outer central point at a position 15cm away from the ground of the main trunk of the stock, transversely cutting a knife to the medulla heart from the first outer central point, determining the center of a grafting groove, determining two end points of the grafting groove from the outer central point upwards and downwards by 5cm, and obliquely cutting a knife from the two end points to the center of the grafting groove to form the grafting groove;

the bud blocks are embedded into the grafting grooves on the rootstocks, the cambiums of the rootstocks and the bud blocks are aligned, the physiological upper ends and the physiological lower ends of the cambiums correspond to each other, and binding bands are used for binding from top to bottom to expose the bud eyes;

determining a second central point 10cm above the opposite side of the first central point of the stock, performing second bud grafting, sequentially moving upwards, and performing staggered grafting;

(4) and (4) tree form culture, wherein when the twigs are thinned, the twigs on the rootstocks and the bud blocks in the grafting range in the current year are not thinned, and the other positions are thinned.

Because the growth speed of the bud mass is slow and the growth of the trunk is fast, the bud mass can be bent to form a zigzag trunk during growth; the bud mass itself separates from the trunk, forming a tortoise shell-like trunk skin.

The invention is further improved in that 3-5 buds are grafted each year in the process of patch budding.

Preferably, the rootstock (1) adopts tassel, and the scion mother tree (2) adopts osmanthus fragrans.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method utilizes woody plants which have large growth speed difference and high grafting affinity, adopts the step-by-step staggered strip-shaped bud grafting, and can cultivate an ornamental dry shape with tortoise-shell-shaped trunk skin and zigzag-shaped trunk bending and extending upwards; the principle is simple, and the method is reliable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of rootstock notching according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the scion stock tree bud picking block of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of staggered budding in accordance with the present invention.

In the figure: 1-stock, 2-scion mother tree, 3-grafting groove, 4-bud block and 5-bud eye.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.

Example 1

A method for culturing the specific trunk of woody plant features that two woody plants with high graft affinity and high growth speed difference are grafted to the trunk of stock by sticking bud grafting method, which includes the following steps:

s1, stock culture, namely selecting a woody plant tassel which grows fast and has early phenological period as a stock 1, cultivating seedlings by adopting a seeding seedling culture or cutting seedling culture method, continuously thinning out lateral branches on a trunk for 2-3 years, smearing top buds with a growth promoter when sap begins to flow and buds sprout in spring every year, and cultivating single-trunk non-lateral branch stock seedlings; selecting the single-trunk seedling without lateral branches which grows robustly and has developed root system for in-situ grafting in 3 months in the third year or the fourth year;

s2, culturing the scion mother tree 2, selecting woody plant osmanthus which grows slowly and has a late phenological period and high grafting affinity with the rootstock 1 as the scion mother tree 2, advancing the seedling culture of the rootstock 1 by 1-2 years, breeding the scion mother tree 2 by adopting a seeding seedling culture or cutting seedling culture method, and pruning in time until the thickness of the mother tree is equivalent to that of the rootstock 1 during grafting;

s3, bud sticking grafting, and performing grafting operation in the last ten days of 3 months, wherein as shown in figure 2, a point which is close to the thickness of the scion mother tree 2 and the stock 1 is taken as a central point, a cut is downwards obliquely cut from a position 5cm above the central point to a medullary center at the central point, a cut is upwards obliquely cut from a position 5cm below the central point to the medullary center at the central point, long-strip-shaped buds 4 with xylem are carved, and 2-3 bud eyes 5 are ensured on each bud 4;

as shown in fig. 1, a first outer central point is determined at a position 15cm away from the trunk of the rootstock 1, a knife is transversely cut from the first outer central point to the medulla center, the center of the grafting groove 3 is determined, two end points of the grafting groove 3 are determined from the outer central point upwards and downwards by 5cm, and a knife is obliquely cut from the two end points to the center of the grafting groove 3 to form the grafting groove 3;

the bud blocks 4 are embedded into the grafting grooves 3 on the rootstocks 1, cambium layers of the rootstocks 1 and the bud blocks 4 are aligned, the physiological upper ends and the physiological lower ends correspond to each other, binding is carried out from top to bottom by binding belts, and bud holes 5 are exposed;

as shown in fig. 3, a second central point is determined at a position 10cm above the opposite side of the first central point of the rootstock 1, second patch budding is carried out, the rootstock is moved upwards in sequence, staggered grafting is carried out, and 3-5 bud blocks 4 are grafted each year;

the vertical distance between two adjacent grafting grooves 3 is 10cm, so that the stocks are prevented from being too fragile.

And S4, tree form culture, wherein when the twigs are thinned, the twigs on the rootstock 1 and the bud block 4 in the current grafting range are not thinned, and the other positions are thinned, so that the condition that the twigs are not thinned is favorable for wound healing and branch growth.

The method utilizes woody plants with large growth speed difference and high grafting affinity to carry out strip-shaped bud grafting in a staggered mode layer by layer, and can cultivate an ornamental dry shape with tortoise shell-shaped trunk skin and zigzag-shaped trunk bending and extending upwards. The method can ensure that the grafting survival rate reaches 90 percent, has the characteristics of the bamboo stems of the tortoise back and the specific dry shape cultivation success rate of the bent trunk in the shape of the Chinese character 'zhi' reaches about 85 percent, effectively improves the ornamental value of woody plants and increases the economic benefit; the invention realizes the acceleration of the cultivation of the main ornamental woody plant and the shaping of the tree shape of the green nursery stock in future.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A woody plant specific trunk shape culture method is characterized in that the method uses two woody plants with large growth speed difference and high grafting affinity, adopts a method of bud grafting on a stock trunk with high growth speed to graft scions taken from a stock tree with low growth speed in a layer-by-layer staggered manner, and comprises four steps of stock culture, scion stock tree culture, bud grafting and tree form culture;

the specific operation steps are as follows:

step 1, culturing rootstocks, selecting woody plants with fast growth and early phenological period as the rootstocks (1), culturing seedlings by adopting a seeding seedling culture or cutting seedling culture method, continuously thinning out lateral branches on a trunk for 2-3 years, smearing top buds with a growth promoter when sap begins to flow and buds sprout in spring every year, and culturing rootstock seedlings with single trunk and without lateral branches; selecting the single-trunk seedling without lateral branches which grows robustly and has developed root system for in-situ grafting in 3 months in the third year or the fourth year;

step 2, culturing the scion stock tree, selecting woody plants which grow slowly and have a late phenological period and high grafting affinity with the rootstock (1) as the scion stock tree (2), advancing the seedling culture by 1-2 years compared with the rootstock (1), breeding the scion stock tree (2) by adopting a seeding seedling culture or cutting seedling culture method, and pruning in time until the thickness of the stock tree is equivalent to that of the rootstock (1) during grafting;

step 3, bud sticking grafting, and grafting operation is carried out in the last ten days of 3 months, specifically, a point at the position, close to the thickness of the stock (1), of the scion mother tree (2) is taken as a central point, a cut is downwards cut from a position 5cm above the central point to a medulla of the central point, a cut is upwards cut from a position 5cm below the central point to the medulla of the central point, long-strip-shaped buds (4) with xylems are carved, and 2-3 bud eyes (5) are guaranteed to be arranged on each bud (4);

determining a first outer central point at a position 15cm away from the ground of a main trunk of the stock (1), transversely cutting a knife to the medulla from the point, determining the center of the grafting groove (3), determining two end points of the grafting groove (3) from the outer central point upwards to downwards by 5cm, and obliquely cutting a knife from the two end points to the center of the grafting groove (3) to form the grafting groove (3);

the bud blocks (4) are embedded into the grafting grooves (3) on the rootstocks (1), the cambium layers of the rootstocks (1) and the bud blocks (4) are aligned, the physiological upper end and the physiological lower end correspond to each other, binding is carried out from top to bottom by binding belts, and the bud eyes (5) are exposed;

determining a second central point 10cm above the opposite side of the first central point of the stock (1), performing second grafting budding, moving upwards in sequence, and performing staggered grafting;

and 4, tree form culture, wherein when the twigs are thinned, the twigs on the rootstock (1) and the bud block (4) in the current grafting range are not thinned, and the other positions are thinned.

2. The method for cultivating a specific trunk of a woody plant according to claim 1, wherein grafting of 3 to 5 pieces of buds (4) is performed per year in patch budding.

3. The method for cultivating the specific trunk shape of the woody plant according to claim 1, wherein tassels are adopted as the rootstocks (1), and osmanthus is adopted as the scion mother trees (2).