CN107493995B

CN107493995B - Single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method for camellia

Info

Publication number: CN107493995B
Application number: CN201710970840.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎艳玲; 叶琦君; 钟乃盛; 严丹峰; 刘信凯; 高继银; 赵强民; 谢雨慧
Original assignee: Palm Eco Town Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Palm Eco Town Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-10-18
Filing date: 2017-10-18
Publication date: 2020-05-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-10-18
Also published as: CN107493995A

Abstract

The invention discloses a camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method, which comprises the following steps: taking camellia oleifera as a rootstock, pruning branches and leaves below the grafting height, reserving 1-2 branches, obliquely cutting the upper part at the determined grafting height, and opening a single side or longitudinally cutting the top; the scion only contains 1 bud and 1 whole leaf, one end of the scion is cut into a double-sided flat symmetrical wedge shape, the scion is inserted into the cut, and a grafting opening is wound tightly by a grafting film; naturally rolling the scion leaves on the branches of the stocks, winding the scion leaves by using a grafting film, reserving 0.5-1cm of the lower parts of the leaves except the rolled leaves for not wrapping the leaves for dewatering, and wrapping the rest parts of the leaves and buds in the grafting film; after the buds germinate, callus between the scion and the cut is formed, and branches and leaves and bud picking reserved below the grafting opening are cut off. The camellia grafting method solves the problem of water accumulation at the grafting opening, has high survival rate, and can freely select the grafting height, season and field.

Description

Single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method for camellia

Technical Field

The invention relates to a camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation methods.

Background

The camellia is a traditional famous flower in China and has a green leaf color. In recent years, the domestic camellia varieties are continuously promoted to be new, and the appearance of new varieties of multi-season camellia indicates that the camellia breeding of China reaches the international leading level. However, camellia germplasm is large and colorful and is well received by people to favor slow resource development and utilization process, and germplasm resources are few in productization, which is mainly limited by propagation technology. Grafting is a common method for camellia asexual propagation, and the common grafting method has the defects of unstable survival rate due to water accumulation in a joint, limited grafting height and grafting season, restricted grafting field and the like. Therefore, an innovative grafting technology is urgently needed to overcome the defects of the traditional grafting method and promote the large-scale standardized rapid breeding of camellia, particularly new and excellent camellia varieties.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing camellia grafting technology and provides a camellia grafting method which can solve the problem of water accumulation at a grafting opening, has high survival rate and can freely select the grafting height, season and place.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. selecting a healthy and strong camellia oleifera seedling without diseases and insect pests as a stock, pruning branches and leaves below the grafting height, reserving 1-2 branches, obliquely cutting the upper part at the determined grafting height, and longitudinally opening the top of a cut;

b. selecting branches with plump bud eyes and no plant diseases and insect pests on branches and leaves to trim as scions, cutting one end of each scion into a wedge shape with two flat and symmetrical surfaces, inserting the scions into the notches to ensure that the scions and the stock have skin-to-skin contact, ensuring that cambiums of the scions and the stock are aligned, and winding a grafting opening tightly by using a grafting film;

c. naturally rolling the leaves of the scion on the branches of the stock, winding the leaves with a grafting film, and wrapping the rest parts of the leaves and buds in the grafting film except that the lower parts of the rolled leaves are not wrapped for drainage;

d. after 30-40 days, the buds germinate, the callus between the scion and the cut is formed, and branches and leaves and bud picking reserved below the grafting opening can be cut off.

In the step a of the invention, the upper cutting part is a transverse oblique cutting part at the determined grafting height, the height difference of the cutting part is not more than 0.5cm, and the slightly inclined cutting part is favorable for dewatering. The top longitudinal opening of the incision is a single-side opening, and when the diameters of the grafting stock and the scion are close, the top longitudinal opening of the incision is a bidirectional longitudinal split opening, namely, the section of the incision is cut into two parts from top to bottom. The unilateral opening is a unilateral opening which is 1-2 cm long and is cut from top to bottom at one end with the high incision, and the transverse depth of the incision is slightly larger than the diameter of the scion by 0.1-0.2 cm.

Preferably, in the present invention, the scion contains only 1 shoot and 1 whole leaf.

Preferably, in the step c of the invention, the leaves of the scion are naturally rolled and wound on the rootstock trunk, and the top of the rolled leaves of the scion is slightly higher than the top of the scion bud by 0.4-0.6 cm. After the scion blade is rolled up, the scion blade is wound by a grafting film, the lower part of the scion blade is slightly loose, the upper part of the scion blade is slightly tight, and the lower part of the rolled scion blade is left for 0.5-1cm without being wrapped for dewatering.

According to the invention, the leaves are rolled and a part of the leaves are kept not to be wrapped for dewatering, so that the wound flow at the grafting opening is effectively dredged, and the problem of water accumulation at the grafting opening in the conventional grafting technology is solved. The existing grafting technology solves the problem of bleeding damage by improving the grafting height and changing the grafting time, but the technology is not influenced by the grafting height and the grafting time, can effectively dredge the bleeding damage, and improves the grafting survival rate. Therefore, the grafting time can be freely selected, and the grafting height can be freely selected.

According to the method, in the step A, branches and leaves below the grafting height of the rootstock are trimmed, 1-2 branches are reserved, the water diversion of the rootstock is facilitated, the formation of the wound flow at the grafting opening is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the grafting season can be freely selected, so that the grafting is more than once a year, and the production planning is realized.

2. The grafting height can be freely selected, products with different grafting heights or different height specifications can be grafted according to production requirements according to variety characteristics, and standardized production is realized.

3. The method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost, free of limitation of grafting sites and high in applicability.

4. Effectively solves the problem of water accumulation at the grafting opening and improves the grafting survival rate.

5. And a single scion only contains 1 bud, so that the scion is saved, and the large-scale production is facilitated.

6. The top advantages of the plants and the growth advantages of the stocks are fully utilized, and the plants grow quickly after being grafted and survived.

7. The retained leaves can provide photosynthesis, shorten the healing period of the interface and improve the survival rate.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single side opening of a rootstock according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a scion according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the scion grafted into a rootstock cut and the rootstock formed into a graft in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention in which the scion leaves are rolled and wound around the rootstock branches;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the invention with the graft film wrapped around the graft leaves after being rolled;

the parts indicated by the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:

1-rootstock, 2-incision, 3-scion leaf, 4-scion bud, 5-grafting film, 6-rolled scion leaf top, 7-scion bud top, and 8-rolled leaf lower part which is not wrapped in the grafting film and is used for dewatering.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:

example 1: the grafting place is palm camellia base in the high key area of Zhaoqing city in Guangdong province, and the grafting varieties are 'summer chang national color' and 'summer dream clear'.

a. In 2016 for 3 months, selecting a robust Gaozhou camellia oleifera sparse forest land seedling with the diameter of 3-4 cm as a stock 1, and treating the stock 1: trimming, and reserving 1-2 branches below 25cm of the height above the ground; the height above the ground is about 25cm, the upper part is cut transversely and obliquely, the notch is slightly inclined, and the height difference of the notch is not more than 0.5 cm; the single side is opened, a 1-2 cm long notch 2 is cut from top to bottom at one end with the notch height, and the depth of the notch 2 is slightly larger than the diameter of the scion by 0.1-0.2 cm.

b. Selecting strong, disease and insect damage free and plump branches of camellia varieties 'summer singing national color' and 'summer dream clear', pruning to obtain scions, wherein each scion only comprises 1 bud and 1 whole leaf, and cutting one end of each scion into a wedge shape with two flat and symmetrical sides. And (3) inserting the scion into the cut 2, enabling the scion and the stock 1 to be skin-to-skin, ensuring that cambiums of the scion and the stock are aligned, and winding the cut 2 tightly by using a grafting film 5.

c. The leaves 3 of the scion are naturally rolled and wound on the rootstock 1, the top 6 of the rolled scion leaves is slightly higher than the top 7 of scion buds by about 0.5cm, a grafting film 5 is used for winding from bottom to top, the lower part is slightly loose, the upper part is slightly tight, and about 0.5-1cm of the lower part of the rolled leaves is left without being wrapped for dewatering.

d. And (3) sprouting for 30-40 days, and generating and healing callus between the rootstock cut 2 and the scion.

The grafting survival rates of the camellia varieties "summer singing national color" and "summer dream inscription" of example 1 are shown in table 1:

table 1:

example 2: the grafting sites are the flood flowery yard in Zhaoqing city, Guangdong province, and the grafting varieties are 'Xianmeng Heping' and 'Xianfengfenglang'.

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the grafting time is 2016 years and 7 months, Gaozhou tea-oil tree bag seedlings with the diameter of 1-2 cm are selected in the step a to serve as stocks, the grafting height is 10cm away from the ground, and the grafting field is a simple shading greenhouse.

The grafting survival rates of the camellia cultivars "simmon in summer" and "hot and humid in summer" of example 2 are shown in table 2:

table 2:

example 3: the grafting sites are the camellia base in Zhaoqing agriculture big garden in Deqing city, Guangdong province, and the grafting varieties of 'summer dream forest' and 'seven heart in summer'.

Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the grafting time is 2016 and 11 months, the Gaozhou camellia oleifera seedlings with the diameter of 5-6 cm selected in the step a are used as stocks, the grafting height is 50cm away from the ground, and the grafting field is open air.

The grafting survival rates of the camellia cultivars "summer meng hualin" and "summer seven heart" of example 3 are shown in table 3:

table 3:

as can be seen from the examples 1, 2 and 3, the method has the advantages of high grafting survival rate, freely selectable grafting season and grafting height, no limitation of fields, strong practicability and popularization value.

Claims

1. A camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

b. selecting branches with plump bud eyes and no plant diseases and insect pests on branches and leaves, pruning the branches to be used as scions, wherein the scions only contain 1 bud and 1 whole leaf, cutting one end of each scion into a wedge with two flat and symmetrical surfaces, inserting the scions into the notches to ensure that the scions and the stock need skin-to-skin, ensuring that cambiums of the scions and the stock are aligned, and winding a grafting film tightly on a grafting opening;

d. and (3) after 30-40 days, sprouting, forming callus between the scion and the cut, and shearing off branches and leaves and bud picking reserved below the grafting opening.

2. The hydrophobic grafting method of single bud and whole leaf roll of camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cut-off upper part at the determined grafting height in step a is a cross cut-off upper part, and the difference of the cut-off height is not more than 0.5 cm.

3. The camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal opening at the top of the cut is a single-side opening, and when the diameters of the grafted rootstock and the scion are similar, the longitudinal opening at the top of the cut is a bidirectional longitudinal split opening.

4. The camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the single-side opening is a single-side cut which is 1-2 cm long from top to bottom at the end with the cut height, and the cut depth is slightly larger than the scion diameter by 0.1-0.2 cm.

5. The camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step c, the leaves of the scion are naturally rolled around the rootstock branches, and the tops of the rolled leaves are slightly higher than the tops of the scion buds by 0.4-0.6 cm.

6. The camellia single-bud whole-leaf rolling hydrophobic grafting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step c, after the leaves are rolled, a grafting film is wound, the lower part is slightly loose, the upper part is slightly tight, and 0.5-1cm of the lower part of the rolled leaves is left without being wrapped for hydrophobic purpose.