CN103283497B - Double-t grafting method for flower buds of Betula alnoides - Google Patents
Double-t grafting method for flower buds of Betula alnoides Download PDFInfo
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- CN103283497B CN103283497B CN201310211431.8A CN201310211431A CN103283497B CN 103283497 B CN103283497 B CN 103283497B CN 201310211431 A CN201310211431 A CN 201310211431A CN 103283497 B CN103283497 B CN 103283497B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-t grafting method for flower buds of Betula alnoides. By strictly controlling the diameter of stocks and scions and increasing area of contact for forming layers of each stock and each scion, the defects of the traditional grafting method are overcome, grafting survival rate and scion sprouting rate are evidently increased for the flower buds of Betula alnoides, and the inflorescence grows normally. The method has the advantages that the results are stable, the method is available for flower bud grafting and vegetative bud grafting, and the process of fine breed selection for Betula alnoides is increased evidently.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest genetics field, particularly the graft technology of Birch bud.
Background technology
Birch (
betula alnoides) be that China is tropical, a Native Broad-leaved Tree Species of South Subtropical Area of China.Logical straight, the wide adaptability of large, the form of its tree height, growth are rapid, and material is excellent.Its timber do not stick up do not split, ratio of tangential to radial shrinkage is little, not yielding and decorative pattern and color and luster attractive in appearance, except the purposes such as antique traditional furniture, building and military project, general as plywood, top-grade furniture, timber floor and indoor decoration material, be one of chief species of precious timber production and Construction of Non-commercial Forests.
Along with the continuous growth of forest plantation area, Birch breeding demand in strong sprout expands rapidly, for the work of Birch fine-variety breeding proposes new requirement.Crossbreeding is initiative and the important method of cultivating new varieties.Set height when Birch starts solid and reach 20m, carry out artificialpollination operating difficulties in the wild and dangerous, with high costs.Adopt the method for grafting bud, by bud grafting on nursery stock, Post flowering implements artificial pollination, easy and simple to handle, with low cost.But, traditional stem grafting method scion and the phloem contact area of stock little, limit effective transport of nutrient, also exist that survival rate is not high, scion survives the problems such as rear inflorescence growth is slow, therefore urgently carries out technological improvement to traditional grafting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art, half " mutually " shape grafting method of a kind of Birch is provided, improves the graft survival rate of Birch bud, and inflorescence is sprouted rapidly and normal development.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Half " mutually " shape grafting method of Birch bud, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of stock
Select 1 ~ 3 year raw trunk or branch diameter be the Betula alnoides seedlings of 8.5mm to 16.5mm as stock, 6, July removes its terminal bud; Late September carries out grafting, truncation during grafting, and Bock Altitude is not more than 1.5m, removes side shoot top, only retains its functional leaf; Splay downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.0 ~ 3.0cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, reject the xylem cut, stay cortex, form caulking groove, namely handle stock well;
2) preparation of scion
Choose the Birch branch that diameter is stock binding site diameter 0.5 ~ 0.9 times, to splay downwards branch from lower end bud lower rear 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.0 ~ 3.0cm, the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then be that 45 ° of oblique angles are cut to the first cutter edge of a knife from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm below bud front, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; To splay downwards branch from 0.5 ~ 1.0cm below bud front, the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex again; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, branch cuts off, as scion by 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm place;
3) half " mutually " shape grafting
Scion is inserted stock caulking groove, scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock, and stayed cortex is spread on incision below bud, overall formation half " mutually " shape, forms multiple healed surface; Then use film bondage, allow monofilm cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting;
4) management after grafting
After grafting, scaffolding shades, and keeps ground moistening, removes shady in time and retains appropriate branches and leaves, notices that branches and leaves can not cover bud or inflorescence; After scion survives, separate bandage, remove cool canopy, carry out follow-up conventional watering, fertilizing.
Preferably, in described step 1), diameter is selected to be that the Birch of 10.5mm to 16.5mm is as stock.
Preferably, in described step 1), splay downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, be with a small amount of xylem, then excision institute is with xylem, stays cortex, and formation caulking groove, namely handles stock well.
Preferably, described step 2) in, choosing diameter is that the Birch branch of stock binding site diameter 0.8 ~ 0.9 times is as scion.
Preferably, described step 2) in, to splay downwards branch from lower end bud lower rear 0.5cm, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then be that 45 ° of oblique angles are cut to the first cutter edge of a knife from 2.0cm below bud front, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; To splay downwards branch from 0.5cm below bud front, the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex again; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, branch cuts off by 0.5 cm place, completes scion process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention makes further technological improvement on the basis of traditional grafting method, develop half " mutually " shape grafting method of Birch, when the diameter ratio of research discovery diameter of stock, scion and stock and grafting, stock and the cambial contact area of scion affect the key factor that Birch bud grafting survival and scion sprout.The present invention by select the stock of suitable thickness, strict control scion and stock diameter ratio and cambial contact area both increasing improve graft survival rate; Shorten sprouting the time of scion by increase stock and the cambial contact area of scion, make itself and field basic synchronization; By the functional leaf retaining side shoot, scion is sprouted fast, ensure inflorescence normal growth, show that the method Relationship between Graft Effect is stablized through repetition test.This method had both been applicable to the grafting that bud grafting is also suitable for vegetative bud.The present invention is significant to acceleration Southwestern China birch fine-variety breeding process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is stock process schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is scion process schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is half " mutually " shape grafting schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Laboratory, inventor place is through groping for many years, and invented half " mutually " shape graft technology of Birch, its step is as follows:
1) preparation of stock
Select 1 ~ 3 year raw trunk or branch diameter be the Betula alnoides seedlings of 8.5mm to 16.5mm as stock, 6, July removes its terminal bud; Late September carries out grafting, truncation during grafting, and Bock Altitude is not more than 1.5m, removes side shoot top, only retains its functional leaf; Splay downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.0 ~ 3.0cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, reject the xylem cut, stay cortex, form caulking groove, namely handle stock well;
2) preparation of scion
Choose the Birch branch that diameter is stock binding site diameter 0.5 ~ 0.9 times, to splay downwards branch from lower end bud lower rear 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.0 ~ 3.0cm, the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then be that 45 ° of oblique angles are cut to the first cutter edge of a knife from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm below bud front, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; To splay downwards branch from 0.5 ~ 1.0cm below bud front, the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex again; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, branch cuts off, as scion by 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm place;
3) half " mutually " shape grafting
Scion is inserted stock caulking groove, scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock, and stayed cortex is spread on incision below bud, overall formation half " mutually " shape, forms multiple healed surface; Then use film bondage, allow monofilm cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting;
4) management after grafting
After grafting, scaffolding shades, and keeps ground moistening, removes shady in time and retains appropriate branches and leaves, notices that branches and leaves can not cover bud or inflorescence; After scion survives, separate bandage, remove cool canopy, carry out follow-up conventional watering, fertilizing.
Preferably, in described step 1), diameter is selected to be that the Birch of 10.5mm to 16.5mm is as stock.
Preferably, in described step 1), splay downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, be with a small amount of xylem, then excision institute is with xylem, stays cortex, and formation caulking groove, namely handles stock well.
Preferably, described step 2) in, choosing diameter is that the Birch branch of stock binding site diameter 0.8 ~ 0.9 times is as scion.
Preferably, described step 2) in, to splay downwards branch from lower end bud lower rear 0.5cm, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then be that 45 ° of oblique angles are cut to the first cutter edge of a knife from 2.0cm below bud front, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; To splay downwards branch from 0.5cm below bud front, the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex again; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, branch cuts off by 0.5 cm place, completes scion process.
According to inventor's practice for many years, this grafting method is equally applicable to the grafting of vegetative bud.Compared to bud grafting, vegetative bud grafting is slightly different: in the management process after grafting, the side shoot of stock trunk or branch all can be wiped out, be more conducive to growing up strong and sturdy of scion after scion survives.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth the present invention further.
embodiment 1
1) preparation of stock
Select the Birch seedling of life in 1 ~ 3 year or treelet as stock, 6, July removes terminal bud to selected stock, promotes collateral generation.Late September carries out grafting, goes to top slightly, stay side shoot and wipe out top, a reservation function leaf during grafting.During grafting, the grafting part trunk diameter of stock to be grafted or branch diameter (representing with D) are added up, is divided into D≤4.5mm, 4.5mm < D≤6.5mm, 6.5mm < D≤8.5mm, 8.5mm < D≤10.5mm, 10.5mm < D≤12.5mm, 12.5mm < D≤14.5mm, 14.5mm < D≤16.5mm, D > 16.5mm 8 footpath levels.Slightly splay with grafting knife downwards in smooth place on stock trunk or branch, controlling to cut mouthful length is that 2.0 ~ 3.0cm(2.5cm is the most suitable), the degree of depth reaches in xylem, stock is cut and rejects appropriate xylem, stay cortex, form caulking groove, complete the preparation of stock.
2) preparation of scion
For the selection of scion, should note the thickness of branch, the Birch branch choosing stock binding site diameter 0.5 ~ 0.9 times of thickness does scion.After choosing scion, the most suitable from lower end bud lower rear 0.5 ~ 1.0cm(0.5cm) to splay branch with grafting knife downwards, making to cut mouthful length is that 2.0 ~ 3.0cm(2.5cm is the most suitable), the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then the most suitable from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm(2.0cm below bud front) cut to the first cutter edge of a knife in about 45 ° of oblique angles, cut off branch, make it wedgewise; The most suitable from 0.5 ~ 1.0cm(0.5cm below bud front again) branch of splaying downwards, length is about 1.5cm, till the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, 0.5 ~ 1.0cm(0.5cm is the most suitable) branch cuts off by place, and take off 5 ~ 7cm brachyplast and do scion and to be advisable (see figure 2).
3) half " mutually " shape grafting
The cloudy day should be selected to carry out grafting, if fine day grafting, the high temperature period should be avoided.Scion is embedded stock caulking groove, scion is alignd with the formation layer of the side of stock, and stayed cortex is spread on incision below bud, overall formation half " mutually " shape (as shown in Figure 3), to make the phloem meristematic tissue of cortex and scion combine closely, so just forms multiple healed surface, favourable interface healing, then use film bondage, bonding tunic covers bud, completes grafting after interface colligation is tight.
4) management after grafting
After grafting, scaffolding shelters from heat or light immediately, keeps ground moistening, and in time except sprouting, but appropriate branches and leaves need be retained, notice that branches and leaves can not cover bud or inflorescence.After scion survives, solution is tied up and is removed cool canopy, waters in good time, applies fertilizer.
Relationship between Graft Effect: add up graft survival rate after 20 days in grafting, by adopting the statistics of the Birch cion survival rate of embodiment 1 method grafting to 1020 strains, finds that average graft survival rate reaches 81.5%; The development time of inflorescence is basic synchronous with field, and the percentage of seedgermination obtained after pollination can reach 50%.Compared to other stock, the binding site diameter of stock is that the graft survival rate of 10.5mm to 16.5mm is the highest, reaches 86%; Compared to other scion, fringe anvil binding site diameter is higher than the graft survival rate being 0.8 ~ 0.9, can reach 84.3%.
embodiment 2
1) preparation of stock
Select the Birch seedling of life in 1 ~ 3 year or treelet as stock, 6, July removes terminal bud to selected stock, promotes collateral generation.Late September carries out grafting, goes to top slightly, stay side shoot and wipe out top, a reservation function leaf during grafting.During grafting, the Birch plant of the grafting part trunk diameter of stock to be grafted or branch more than diameter 8.5mm is selected to make stock.Slightly splaying with grafting knife downwards in smooth place on stock trunk or branch, controls that to cut mouthful length be that 2.0 ~ 3.0cm(2.5cm is the most suitable) degree of depth reaches in xylem, will the cortex complete resection of band xylem, and downwards in wedge shape, complete the preparation of stock.
2) preparation of scion
For the selection of scion, should note the thickness of branch, the Birch branch choosing stock binding site diameter 0.5 ~ 0.9 times of thickness does scion.After choosing scion, the most suitable from lower end bud lower rear 0.5 ~ 1.0cm(0.5cm) to splay branch with grafting knife downwards, making to cut mouthful length is that 2.0 ~ 3.0cm(2.5cm is the most suitable), the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then the most suitable from 1.5 ~ 2.5cm(2.0cm below bud front) cut to the first cutter edge of a knife in about 45 ° of oblique angles, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, 0.5 ~ 1.0cm(0.5cm is the most suitable) branch is cut off, take off 5 ~ 7cm brachyplast and do scion and be advisable.
3) grafting method
The cloudy day should be selected to carry out grafting, if fine day grafting, the high temperature period should be avoided.Adopt cleft graft, scion is embedded stock caulking groove, scion is alignd with the formation layer of the side of stock, then uses film bondage, bonding tunic covers bud, completes grafting after interface colligation is tight.
4) management after grafting is identical with embodiment 1.
After grafting, observe the situation of sprouting of scion every day and record, add up graft survival rate in grafting after 20 days.
By adding up the survival rate of the Birch scion adopting 380 strains of embodiment 2 method grafting, find that its average survival is 70.5%; The inflorescence development time is compared field and delays 20 ~ 35 days, and its germination rate is lower.
Claims (2)
1. half " mutually " shape grafting method of Birch bud, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of stock
Select 1 ~ 3 year raw trunk or branch diameter be the Betula alnoides seedlings of 10.5mm to 16.5mm as stock, 6, July removes its terminal bud; Late September carries out grafting, truncation during grafting, and Bock Altitude is not more than 1.5m, removes side shoot top, only retains its functional leaf; Splay downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.0 ~ 3.0cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, reject the xylem cut, stay cortex, form caulking groove, namely handle stock well;
2) preparation of scion
Choose the Birch branch that diameter is stock binding site diameter 0.8 ~ 0.9 times, to splay downwards branch from lower end bud lower rear 0.5cm, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches 1 ~ 2mm in xylem; Then be that 45 ° of oblique angles are cut to the first cutter edge of a knife from 2.0cm below bud front, cut off branch, make it in wedge shape; To splay downwards branch from 0.5cm below bud front, the degree of depth reaches phloem, eliminates cortex again; Choose 1 ~ 2 bud, above the bud of upper end, branch cuts off by 0.5cm place, as scion;
3) half " mutually " shape grafting
Scion is inserted stock caulking groove, scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock, and stayed cortex is spread on incision below bud, overall formation half " mutually " shape, forms multiple healed surface; Then use film bondage, allow monofilm cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting;
4) management after grafting
After grafting, scaffolding shades, and keeps ground moistening, removes shady in time and retains appropriate branches and leaves, notices that branches and leaves can not cover bud or inflorescence; After scion survives, separate bandage, remove cool canopy, carry out follow-up conventional watering, fertilizing.
2. half " mutually " shape grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1), splays downwards from trunk or shoot apex, make to cut that mouthful length is 2.5cm, the degree of depth reaches in xylem, reject the xylem cut, stay cortex, form caulking groove, namely handle stock well.
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| CN104429638B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-10-19 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | The method that ground is formed weeping branch type silvery birch by silvery birch grafting |
| CN108605602A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-10-02 | 丹阳市大丰收苗木专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese pagoda tree |
| CN108848986A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-23 | 吉安市林业科学研究所 | A kind of method of wet-land pine tree truncation grafting |
| CN108886994A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-27 | 广元博创农业科技有限责任公司 | One planting fruit-trees, three line healing grafting |
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| 西南桦花枝嫁接人工制种技术;郭俊杰等;《浙江林业科技》;20100930;第30卷(第5期);第73-74页 * |
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