CN111406525B

CN111406525B - Method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting interstock combination

Info

Publication number: CN111406525B
Application number: CN202010289231.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄桂香; 罗聪; 李峰; 何新华; 葛聪聪; 邱发发
Original assignee: Guangxi University
Current assignee: Guangxi University
Priority date: 2020-04-14
Filing date: 2020-04-14
Publication date: 2022-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-14
Also published as: CN111406525A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting an intermediate stock combination, which comprises the following operation steps of (1) selecting the intermediate stock combination; (2) a middle stock cultivation mode; (3) grafting time; (4) grafting; (5) managing after grafting; (6) and (5) managing the flowers and the fruits. The invention adopts the bitter orange-orange peel kumquat as the intermediate stock of the citrus top grafting variety, which is earlier and easier to bloom and fruit than the intermediate stocks of pomelos, oranges, lemons, wide-peel citrus and the like, and can quickly identify and evaluate new varieties; the method can bloom and bear fruits in the second year after top grafting, can obtain the characters of blooming and fruits as soon as possible, is beneficial to the early identification of citrus varieties, accelerates the variety test and utilization, shortens the breeding period and promotes the breeding benefit.

Description

Method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting interstock combination

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-grafting interstock of citrus, and particularly relates to a method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting varieties of citrus by adopting interstock combination.

Background

The citrus top grafting technology is a main measure for variety updating and replacing and germplasm resource storage and identification, and is widely used at home and abroad. The traditional high grafting interstock is generally selected from the varieties which are the same as or similar to the scion, and the high grafting targets are survival in one year, crown formation in two years, fruiting in three years and high yield in four years. However, some varieties such as pomelo and orange are late in flowering and fruiting time after high grafting on similar interstocks, the flowering and fruiting are usually started in 2-3 years, and citrus is a perennial woody fruit tree, so that the breeding period is long, and the variety identification evaluation and breeding utilization are not facilitated.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting an intermediate stock combination, the citrus varieties can bloom and fruit in the second year after high grafting, the blooming and fruit properties can be obtained as soon as possible, the identification of citrus varieties is promoted, the variety test and utilization are accelerated, the breeding period is shortened, and the breeding benefit is promoted.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting interstock combination comprises the following operation steps:

(1) selection of an intermediate anvil combination: selecting healthy fructus Aurantii-Citrus aurantium of 3-5 years as the interstock;

(2) an intermediate stock cultivation method: potted plant or root-limiting cultivation;

(3) grafting time: can be grafted all the year round;

(4) grafting:

the grafting method comprises the following steps: grafting by adopting a cutting and grafting method;

scion cutting: cutting a relatively flat surface of a scion from the lower part of a branch to the outer part and from the upper part to the inner part, cutting a short cut surface from a wide plane with an edge angle to the lower part of a bud eye, turning the branch, cutting a long cut surface from the lower part of the bud eye to the lower part, requiring the cut cortex not to have a xylem or slightly to have the xylem, and then obliquely cutting the cut scion from the upper part of the bud eye of the long cut surface to enable the cut scion to fall into a clean water bowl for later use;

cutting an anvil: selecting smooth outer skin of main branches or branches to be cut flat, longitudinally cutting the smooth cut part of the anvil pile by a cutter until only a cambium is cut, and then obliquely cutting the part of the cut surface, which is far from the deepest part, backwards and upwards by a cutter to form a smooth oblique section at the top of the anvil pile;

bud insertion and restraint: inserting the cut scion into the stock cut, aligning the stock and scion forming layers, and bundling the scion and the scion forming layers from bottom to top by using a plastic film belt, wherein only bud eyes are exposed during bundling, and other wounds need to be bundled in the film;

(5) managing after grafting;

(6) flower and fruit management: generally, the amount of flowers of orange-kumquat interstock high grafting citrus varieties is large, so proper flower thinning and fruit thinning are needed, single-top flowers with leaves or flower buds with leaves are reserved, 2-3 inflorescences are reserved for each fruiting mother branch, 5-6 normal flower buds are reserved for each inflorescence branch, 6-10 fruits are reserved for each fruiting branch in the first year, and the number of flowers is increased year by year later.

The citrus varieties obtained by the method are identified: after the top grafting citrus varieties bloom and fruit, the yield, quality, adaptability and the like of the varieties are respectively identified and evaluated according to breeding targets, and bases are provided for variety approval, registration and application.

Preferably, the potting in the step (2) is potting by using a flowerpot with the height of 40cm and the diameter of the pot mouth of 45cm or cultivating by using a root limiter with the same volume.

Preferably, the grafting effect is best carried out on sunny days or cloudy days in the period from 9 months to 3 months every year in the step (3).

Preferably, the scion cutting in the step (4) is carried out more specifically by cutting a relatively flat surface of the scion from a wide plane with edges and corners to an outer side and an inner side below branches at an angle of 45 degrees at about 1.2cm below the eyes, turning the branches, cutting a long cut surface from about 0.1cm below the eyes to a lower side, wherein the cut surface layer is required to have no xylem or slightly xylem, and then beveling the long cut surface at about 0.2cm above the eyes to allow the cut scion to fall into a clean water bowl.

Preferably, the anvil shearing operation in the step (4) is more specifically carried out by selecting and reserving 2-3 main branches with the length of about 10cm and cutting the branches at the smooth part of the outer skin of the branches, longitudinally cutting the smooth part of the cut part of the anvil pile by one step when grafting is carried out until only the cambium is cut, and then obliquely cutting the cut surface by one step at an angle of 45 degrees towards the back and the upper part at a position which is about 1cm away from the deepest part of the cut surface so as to form a smooth oblique section at the top of the anvil pile.

Preferably, the post-grafting management in step (5) is to check survival and patch grafting: generally, after about 20 days of grafting, if the scion is still fresh and the connector is healed, the scion is alive, and the non-alive scion is subjected to supplementary grafting in time;

removing the ligature: carrying out two times of binding removal treatment, wherein after the first time of examination and survival, the buds are exposed, and the rest parts are still bound for the second time, and all binding is removed when the young shoots are lignified;

removing sprouts, pinching and treating secondary tips: when the scion sprouts a plurality of young shoots, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust young shoots with different growth directions, removing the rest young shoots, removing the sprouts on the rootstock at any time, and pinching after the first young shoots grow to about 20cm to promote thickening growth;

the management of water, fertilizer and soil and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are enhanced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention adopts the bitter orange-orange peel kumquat as the intermediate stock of the citrus top grafting variety, which is earlier and easier to bloom and fruit than the intermediate stocks of pomelos, oranges, lemons, wide-peel citrus and the like, and can quickly identify and evaluate new varieties; the method can bloom and bear fruits in the second year after top grafting, can obtain the characters of blooming and fruits as soon as possible, is beneficial to the early identification of citrus varieties, accelerates the variety test and utilization, shortens the breeding period and promotes the breeding benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the method of the present invention for preparing an intermediate anvil.

FIG. 2 shows the growth after 4 months of incubation according to the method of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows the flower shape in the spring of the second year after high grafting according to the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Example 1

(2) an intermediate stock cultivation method: carrying out potted plant cultivation by adopting a flowerpot with the height of 40cm and the diameter of the pot opening of 45cm, as shown in figure 1;

(3) grafting time: grafting can be carried out all the year around, wherein the grafting effect is best when the grafting is carried out on sunny days or cloudy days in the period from 9 months to 3 months in the next year;

(4) preparing before grafting:

scion cutting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) tightly attaching a smooth surface of a scion to a left index finger, cutting a short cut surface from a wide plane with an edge angle in one direction at an angle of 45 degrees at a position about 1.2cm below a bud eye from a wide plane with the edge angle in the other direction, turning over the branch, cutting a long cut surface from a position about 0.1cm below the bud eye to the lower position, wherein a cut cortex is required to have no xylem or slightly xylem, and then obliquely cutting a cut at a position about 0.2cm above the bud eye of the long cut surface, so that the cut scion falls into a clean water bowl for later use;

cutting an anvil: selecting and reserving 2-3 main branches or branches with the length of about 10cm and smooth outer skins, cutting the smooth outer skins of the main branches or branches into a straight line longitudinally at the cut part of the anvil pile during grafting until only a cambium is cut, and then obliquely cutting the cut surface to the back upper side (forming an angle of 45 degrees) at a position which is about 1cm away from the deepest part of the cut surface to form a smooth oblique section at the top of the anvil pile;

bud insertion and restraint: inserting the cut scions into the stock cuts, aligning the stock and scion forming layers, and then binding the scions from bottom to top by using a plastic film belt, wherein only bud eyes are exposed during binding, and other wounds need to be bound in the film;

(5) and (3) management after grafting:

checking survival and patching: generally, after about 20 days of grafting, if the scion is still fresh and the connector is healed, the scion is alive, and the non-alive scion is subjected to supplementary grafting in time;

removing sprouts, pinching and treating secondary tips: when the scion sprouts a plurality of young shoots, 2-3 robust young shoots with different growth directions are selected and reserved, the rest young shoots are removed, the sprouts on the rootstock are removed at any time, the core of the first young shoot can be removed after growing to about 20cm, so as to promote the thickening growth, and the figure 2 shows the growth condition of 4 months after the top grafting;

the management of water, fertilizer and soil and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are enhanced;

(6) flower and fruit management: generally, the amount of flowers of the orange-kumquat interstock high-grafting citrus varieties is large, so that proper flower thinning and fruit thinning are needed, single-top flowers or flower buds with leaves are reserved, 2-3 inflorescences are selected from each fruiting mother branch, 5-6 normal flower buds are selected from each inflorescence, 6-10 fruits are reserved from each fruiting branch in the first year, the fruits are increased year by year later, and the flowers bloom in the second year after high grafting is shown in fig. 3.

Variety identification: after the top grafting citrus varieties bloom and fruit, the yield, quality, adaptability and the like of the varieties are respectively identified and evaluated according to breeding targets, and bases are provided for variety approval, registration and application.

The invention can bring forward the reasons of blooming and fruiting: firstly, the rootstock of the bitter orange has the characteristics of strong resistance, dwarfing, early fruiting and the like; the kumquats are the shortest species in the current citrus subfamily fruit trees, and have the characteristics of early fructification, multiple flowering in one year and the like; thirdly, flowering is promoted to a certain extent by adopting modes such as pot culture or root-limiting culture and the like; compared with the same variety grafted by the grapefruit, the Citrus changshanensis, the Citrus aurantium Ruhsiei Runshi and the Citrus limon Runshi as intermediate stocks, the hybrid pome fruit blooms 11-12 months earlier respectively.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-grafting citrus varieties by adopting interstock combination is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) selection of an intermediate anvil combination: selecting 3-5 years 'fructus Aurantii-Citrus aurantium-Citrus reticulata' as an intermediate stock;

(2) an intermediate stock cultivation method: potting;

(3) grafting time: grafting on sunny days or cloudy days during 9 months to 3 months in the next year;

(4) grafting:

scion cutting: cutting a relatively flat surface of a scion from the lower part of a branch to the outer part and from the upper part to the inner part, cutting a short cut surface from a wide plane with an edge angle to the lower part of a bud eye, turning the branch, cutting a long cut surface from the lower part of the bud eye to the lower part, requiring the cut cortex not to have a xylem or slightly to have the xylem, and then obliquely cutting the cut scion from the upper part of the bud eye of the long cut surface to enable the cut scion to fall into a clean water bowl for later use; the more concrete operation of scion cutting is that one surface of the scion which is relatively flat is cut from a wide plane with edges and corners in a direction of a wide plane at an angle of 45 degrees at 1.2cm below a bud eye, the upper side of the scion is inward, then the branch is turned, a long cut surface is cut from 0.1cm below the bud eye to the lower side, the cut surface layer is required to have no xylem or slightly xylem, and then the cut scion is obliquely cut at 0.2cm above the bud eye of the long cut surface, so that the cut scion falls into a bowl filled with clean clear water;

cutting an anvil: selecting smooth outer skin of main branches or branches to be cut flat, longitudinally cutting the smooth cut part of the anvil pile by a cutter until only a cambium is cut, and then obliquely cutting the part of the cut surface, which is far from the deepest part, backwards and upwards by a cutter to form a smooth oblique section at the top of the anvil pile; the more concrete operation of cutting the stock is to select and leave 2-3 10cm long main branches to be cut flat at the smooth part of the outer skin of the branch, the smooth part of the cut part of the stock pile is longitudinally cut by a knife when grafting is carried out, only the cambium is cut as the standard, then the position 1cm away from the deepest part of the cut surface is obliquely cut into a knife with an angle of 45 degrees towards the back upper part, and the top part of the stock pile forms a smooth oblique section;

bud insertion and restraint: inserting the cut scions into the stock cuts, aligning the stock and scion forming layers, and binding the stock and scion forming layers from bottom to top by using a film tape, wherein only bud eyes are exposed during binding;

(5) and (3) management after grafting, wherein the management after grafting comprises survival check and supplementary grafting: after 20 days of grafting, if the scion is still fresh and the connector is healed, the scion is alive, and the grafting is performed in time if the scion is not alive;

removing the ligature: carrying out two times of binding removal treatment, wherein after the buds are checked to survive for the first time, the buds are exposed, the rest parts are still bound, and the whole binding is removed when the young shoots are lignified for the second time;

removing sprouts, pinching and treating secondary tips: when the scion sprouts a plurality of young shoots, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust young shoots with different growth directions, removing the rest young shoots, removing the sprouts on the rootstock at any time, and pinching after the first young shoots grow to 20cm so as to promote thickening growth;

(6) flower and fruit management: properly thinning flowers and fruits, reserving single-top flowers or buds with leaves, reserving 2-3 inflorescences for each fruiting mother branch, reserving 5-6 normal buds for each inflorescence, reserving 6-10 fruits for each fruiting branch in the first year, and increasing year by year later.

2. The method for accelerating blooming and fruiting of high-stem citrus varieties by adopting the combination of the interstocks according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) potting in the step (2) by adopting a flowerpot with the height of 40cm and the diameter of the pot opening of 45 cm.