CN112492995A

CN112492995A - Cultivation method of elm hybrid combined tree

Info

Publication number: CN112492995A
Application number: CN202011359289.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄印冉; 闫淑芳; 冯树香; 董谦; 王玉忠; 高运茹; 白素辉; 闫玲; 杨敏生; 李银华
Original assignee: Hebei Academy Of Forestry And Grassland Sciences
Current assignee: Hebei Academy Of Forestry And Grassland Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-27
Filing date: 2020-11-27
Publication date: 2021-03-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of an elm hybrid combination tree, and belongs to the technical field of grafting. The invention discloses a cultivation method of an elm hybrid combination tree, which comprises grafting and 3-strand 6-fork pruning; grafting the same elm strain of different varieties into a same hybrid pollination tree; by three-strand six-fork pruning, crowns of different varieties are crossed, the pollination chance is increased, and a method for creating more hybridization chances is found for broad-leaved trees such as elms.

Description

Cultivation method of elm hybrid combined tree

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a cultivation method of an elm hybrid combination tree.

Background

Ulmus pumila (Ulmus pumila) is a plant of Ulmus of Ulmaceae, deciduous tree, with a height of 25m and a diameter at breast height of 1 m; the crown is spherical; the twigs are grey white and hairless; the leaves are oval or elliptical and are coated with needles, the tip is sharp or tapered, one side of the base is wedge-shaped, the other side is near round, the leaf edge is irregular and heavily serrated or single-tooth, no hair exists or the viscera have clustered and soft hair, and the old leaves are thick; growing flowers; the samara is nearly round, yellow-white when ripe, and has no hair. The ulmus pumila has developed root system, strong adaptability, cold and drought resistance and moderate saline and alkaline resistance, and can be used for forestation and greening of coastal saline-alkali soil.

The elms are generally planted in a single variety, a plurality of varieties are rarely planted in a certain area, and pollination among different elm varieties is difficult; bringing difficulties to the hybridization of different elm varieties. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a cultivation method of an elm hybrid tree.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a cultivation method of an elm hybrid combination tree, which cultivates a target variety tree for hybridization into one strain by a grafting method, so as to create more natural hybridization opportunities for the tree or provide more convenient conditions for artificial hybridization.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of elm hybrid combination trees comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting white elm with trunk diameter of 8-10cm as stock, and grafting 2-4 scions at the height of 0.8-1m from ground; the scions are branches of 2-3 target variety trees; the height of 0.8-1 meter is beneficial to manual operation; as the target variety trees need to be grafted, the thickness of the stock reaches 8-10cm, 2-3 target variety trees can be grafted, and the stock is too thin and lacks corresponding grafting positions;

(2) after the scion survives, 3 strands of 6-fork pruning are carried out: after the grafted spikes grow to 30cm, pinching the tips at the position of 25 cm; selecting 3 branches with good growth vigor from the branches grown at the pinched points, and removing the rest branches; after 3 branches grow to 30cm, pinching the tip at the position of 25cm, growing branches at the pinching tip, selecting 2 branches with vigorous growth as branch branches, and reserving the branches as the branch branches, wherein the sum is 6 branches.

After the scion survives, 3 strands of branches are trimmed at 6 forks, the height of the scion is reduced, the branching amount of the scion is increased, different varieties of branches can grow in a cross mode as far as possible, tree crowns with the varieties of branches mutually permeating are formed, and more natural pollination opportunities are increased.

Furthermore, the target variety tree is a plurality of elm varieties such as ulmus pumila and ulmus pumila.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a cultivation method of an elm hybrid combination tree, which comprises the steps of grafting the same elm strain of different varieties into the same hybrid pollination tree; and secondly, the three-strand six-fork type pruning is adopted, so that crowns of different varieties are crossed, the pollination chance is increased, and a method for creating more hybridization chances is found for broad-leaved trees such as elms and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) selecting white elm with trunk diameter of 8-10cm as stock, and grafting 2 scions at the height of 0.8-1m from the ground; the scions are respectively branches of the fine-bark white elm and the dense-branch white elm, and the two branches are symmetrically grafted;

Example 2

(1) selecting white elm with the trunk diameter of 8-10cm as a stock, and grafting 4 scions at the height of 0.8-1m from the ground; the scions are respectively branches of the fine-bark white elm and the dense-branch white elm, and the two branches are grafted in a cross shape;

Comparative example 1

A cultivation method of elm hybrid combination trees comprises the following steps: selecting white elm with the trunk diameter of 8-10cm as a stock, and grafting 4 scions at the height of 0.8-1m from the ground; the scions are respectively branches of the fine-bark white elm and the dense-branch white elm, and the two branches are grafted in a cross shape.

The cultivation methods of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1 were counted, and the flowering period (several years of flowering in planting) and the first year seed setting amount of the cultivated elm hybrid combination tree were found to be shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

	Age of flowering	Seed setting in the first year
			Example 1	For 3 years	0.05kg
Example 2	For 3 years	0.1kg
			Comparative example	7 years old	0.15kg

3 strands of 6-forked pruning are carried out by adopting the cultivation method of the elm hybrid combination tree of the embodiment 1-2 of the invention; the total tree height is 1.2-1.5m, the branch quantity is large, 2 branches with good growth vigor can be added after each lateral branch is pinched, the vegetative growth of the branches 2 years or more below the newly grown branches is converted into reproductive growth, and the flowering and fructification can be started. In contrast, comparative example 1, which did not perform pruning, grew upward all the way due to the apical dominance and finally became a big tree, vegetative growth stopped and turned into reproductive growth, which was not only long-lived, but also unfavorable for pollination and seed collection due to the excessively high crown.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of elm hybrid combination trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting white elm with trunk diameter of 8-10cm as stock, and grafting 2-4 scions at the height of 0.8-1m from ground; the scions are branches of 2-3 target variety trees;

(2) after the scion survives, 3 strands of 6-fork pruning are carried out: after the grafted spikes grow to 30cm, pinching the tips at the position of 25 cm; selecting 3 branches with good growth vigor from the branches grown at the pinched points, and removing the rest branches; after 3 branches grow to 30cm, pinching the tip at the position of 25cm, growing branches at the pinching position, and selecting 2 branches with vigorous growth as branch branches to be reserved, wherein the total length of the branches is 3 strands and 6 branches.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the target species is selected from the group consisting of Ulmus pumila and Ulmus pumila.