CN102487719A - Simple cutting method for Ilex cornuta Lindli.et Paxt - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a quick cutting propagation method for Ilex cornuta Lindli.et Paxt. The method comprises the following steps of: blending a matrix, mixing Magan soil, loess, peat soil and perlite uniformly in a ratio of 3:1:1:1, pouring the mixture into a cutting pool, adding 4g/m<2> carbendazol, selecting annual Ilex cornuta Lindli.et Paxt branches as cuttings in the first ten-day period of July, soaking the lower sections of the cuttings for 5 minutes by using hormone, inserting the cuttings into a slotting machine, performing management by adopting full exposure spraying, and spraying foliar fertilizer for three times in 45th, 60th and 75th days after cutting, wherein the nutritional solution comprises 200mg/L of N, 20mg/L of P and 60mg/L of K. By the method, the problem about quick propagation of Ilex cornuta Lindli.et Paxt seedlings can be effectively solved.

Description

A simple cutting method of Chinese wolfberry

technical field

The invention relates to a cutting rapid propagation method of Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt, belonging to the technical field of woody plant seedling propagation.

Background technique

Ilex cornuta Lindl.et Paxt belongs to the genus Ilex of the family Aquifoliaceae. Evergreen shrub, plant height 2-5 meters, leaves dark olive green, shiny, ovate to ovate-elliptic, prominent, slightly vesicular, 4-5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, rounded base, The apex is obtuse, the leaf margin is entire, the petiole is 5 mm long, the inflorescence is axillary, the flower is green and white, the fruit is bright red, spherical, 8 mm in diameter, the small pedicel is light red, 5-7 mm long, the flowering period is April-June, the fruit The period is October-December. It likes a warm, humid, and well-lit environment. It requires fertile soil and good drainage. It is suitable for sandy loam rich in organic matter. During the growing season, it is fully watered and fertilized to facilitate its growth. This tree species has a spherical crown, green leaves, and many red fruits. It is a good fruit viewing tree species in autumn and winter. It can be planted alone or in pieces as landscape trees and shade trees. It has strong adaptability and strong anti-pollution ability. It can be used for greening in factories and mines.

At present, the number of Chinese wolfberry seedlings is very small in China. Due to the thick seed coat and underdeveloped embryos, the germination rate of sowing seedlings is very low, and the germination time is long. It takes two years or even longer to germinate, so it is very difficult to grow seedlings. . Difficulty in breeding not only restricts the development of Chinese wolfberry seedlings, but also causes two disadvantages. One is multiple grafting, which lengthens the commercial cultivation cycle and increases the cost of seedling cultivation; second, it delays the best time for commercial seedlings to go on the market , resulting in a reduction in economic efficiency.

Cutting propagation is the preferred way to solve the problem of seedling production in China at present. In the existing cutting method, after the cuttings are cut from the parent body, the cuttings are directly cut without any treatment. From cutting to root growth, it takes three months or even longer; most of the cuttings are peat soil, pearl These substrates have the disadvantages of being too water-permeable, loose and difficult to consolidate roots, and the cost of large-scale cuttings is relatively high. The method of adapting measures to local conditions, saving costs, and large-scale industrialized cuttings of Chinese fructus chinensis has not been reported yet. There have been reports on the cutting propagation of Ilex plants, such as Huang Haiyan using 3:1 perlite and peat soil substrates to cut Ilex chinensis (Northern Horticulture 2010 No. 11), Qian Yongqiu using 1:3 pearl Carry out cuttings of holly holly on rock and peat soil substrate (Anhui Agricultural Bulletin, No. 21, 2008). The cutting substrates of the above methods are not suitable for the cuttings of Chinese fructus chinensis described in the present application, and the survival rate is low, so they are not suitable for industrialized production.

Horse liver soil is a kind of soil unique to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It has strong sandiness, can hold roots when dry, can retain water when wet, and has strong water permeability. It is most suitable for water control before rooting of cuttings. The inventor of the present application once used the ratio of horse liver soil and loess 4:1 to cut Ilex blue maiden in patent 201010554266, and obtained the beneficial effect of 90% survival rate of Ilex blue maiden cuttings. However, due to the particularity of the growth and development of Chinese wolfberry, two One of them is resistant to dryness, and the other is resistant to water. The cutting rooting rate of the final wolfberry cuttings is only 35% by fully utilizing the aforementioned method, which is far from satisfying the demand of the market.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a simple cutting rapid propagation method of Chinese wolfberry.

For solving this technology adopt following technical scheme:

A) Matrix preparation: dry and crush the horse liver soil, mix it with loess, and then add peat and perlite. According to the volume ratio of 3:1:1:1, mix the horse liver soil, loess, peat soil and perlite, and pour it into the cutting pool that has been built. The cutting pool size is 2m wide, 0.3m high, and the length depends on the number of cuttings. depends. Then, mix carbendazim into the soil at a ratio of 4g/m ² .

B) Cutting treatment: In the first ten days of July, select healthy and pest-free branches as cuttings. The lower incision of the cuttings is cut flat, the upper incision is cut obliquely, the incision is smooth, without rupture; the length is 10-15cm; the lower incision of the cuttings has latent adventitious root primordium, that is, the base of internode side branches, the base of adventitious buds or the base of petioles; one pair of cuttings is reserved leaves, and cut off half of the leaves, and there must be complete and full lateral buds. At the same time, the cuttings are cut with the harvest.

C) Hormone treatment: use 500mg/L IBA+300mg/L6-BA solution to soak the lower part of the cuttings for 5 minutes, then insert them into the slotting bed, and use sprinkler irrigation to thoroughly water the substrate.

D) Full-light spray management: Use a timer to control the water pump, and the spray time is controlled as follows: on sunny days, especially in high-temperature weather, the spray time interval is 3 minutes to achieve cooling effect, less or no spray on cloudy days, the general time interval is 12 minutes , Do not spray on rainy days. The temperature is 25°C and the relative humidity is 75%.

E) Fertilization management: on the 45th day after step C) is completed, use the nutrient solution to spray the plant leaves. The nutrient solution composition is: nitrogen (N) 180mg/L, phosphorus (P) 25mg/L, potassium (K) 50mg/L, Phosphate fertilizer was added in the form of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , potassium fertilizer was added in the form of KNO ₃ , nitrogen fertilizer was added in the form of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ and KNO ₃ , and the insufficient part was supplemented with (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ . The spraying volume of nutrient solution is 2L/m ² . On the 60th day and 75th day of cutting, the spraying was repeated once.

The beneficial effect of the present invention relative to prior art is:

1 Traditional cutting substrates, such as vermiculite, perlite, peat soil, plant ash, etc. are not conducive to plant cultivation and growth, and can only be used for cutting rooting. After cutting rooting, it needs to be transplanted and planted. This process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often leads to the death of cutting seedlings transplanted, thereby causing losses. Using the cutting method of the present application, direct rooting and planting without transplanting greatly saves manpower and material resources;

2 In the existing cutting method, after the cuttings are cut from the parent body, the cuttings are not subjected to any treatment, and the cuttings are directly cut, and it takes three months or even longer from the cuttings to the root growth. For the cuttings of wolfberry, use 500mg/L IBA+300mg/L6-BA solution to soak the lower part of the cuttings for 5 minutes for pretreatment, and then insert them into the cutting bed, which greatly shortens the callus differentiation time;

3 The disadvantage of horse liver soil is that it has strong water permeability, loses water too quickly, and is easy to dry out. Single use will cause the base of cutting seedlings to lose water and dry up after survival. The loess is too viscous and airtight. Peat soil has good permeability and greater salt balance ability, and perlite absorbs water and breathes air. After years of creative work, the inventor of the present application conducted screening and comparison experiments, and obtained horse liver soil, loess, and peat from a large number of cutting substrates. The four substrates, perlite and perlite, are used in combination according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1:1, which is most suitable for the rooting and survival of Chinese wolfberry cuttings. The substrates interact with each other to achieve the effects of ventilation, moisturizing and root consolidation. It can not only quickly promote the rooting of cuttings, but also promote the growth of plants after the cuttings survive. Utilizing the simple cuttage of Chinese wolfberry with combined substrates, a large number of Chinese wolfberry seedlings can be obtained quickly and effectively, and the problem of shortage of Chinese wolfberry resources can be solved; through the selection of substrate, cuttings, hormones, sprinkler irrigation conditions and nutritional formula after survival, it is possible to make Chinese wolfberry cuttings The survival rate reaches more than 90%, and quickly reaches the seedling specification (plant height of more than 20cm) after survival, and can efficiently obtain high-quality seedlings of Chinese wolfberry, which greatly meets the needs of the market.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one

1. Substrate and cutting pool preparation. Dry and crush the horse liver soil, mix it with loess, and then add peat soil and perlite. Mix the horse liver soil, loess, peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1:1, and pour it into the cutting pool that has been built. The size of the cutting pool is 2m x 5m x 0.3m in length, width and height. The height of the middle matrix is 15cm. Then, 40g of carbendazim was mixed into the soil. Spray for 2 hours to dissolve carbendazim into the matrix.

2. Treatment of cuttings. On July 1, 2009, 50 strong six-year-old dwarf whole-marginal Chinese wolfberry (Ilex cornuta Lindl.&Paxt. "Dwarf Burfordii") seedlings were selected, and the healthy and pest-free branches of the year were cut as cuttings. 1000 cuttings. Cut the lower incision of the cuttings flat, cut the upper incision obliquely, and make the incision smooth without cracks; the length is 10cm; the lower incision of the cuttings should have latent adventitious root primordia, that is, the base of internode side branches, bases of adventitious buds or bases of petioles; one pair of leaves should be reserved for cuttings , and cut off half of the leaves, and have complete and full lateral buds. After the cuttings are ready, use 500mg/L IBA+300mg/L6-BA solution to soak the lower part of the cuttings for 5 minutes, and then insert them into the slotting bed at a density of 10cm×10cm. Use sprinkler irrigation to water the substrate thoroughly and set the roots.

3. Full-light spray management: Use timer to control the water pump, and the spraying time is controlled as follows: on sunny days and high temperature (above 28°C) weather, the spraying time interval is 3 minutes, and the spraying time is 10 hours per day; on cloudy days, the spraying time interval is 12 minutes, every day Spray for 8 hours; do not spray in rainy days. The surface temperature of the cuttings was controlled at 25°C and the relative humidity was 75%.

4. On the 15th day after cutting, the base of cuttings began to grow callus. On the 24th day, the callus differentiated and began to take root. On the 30th day, the rooting rate reached 94.59%, and the average root length reached 6.14cm.

5. Fertilization management: On the 40th day after cutting, spray the _leaves of the plants with nutrient solution. The composition of the nutrient solution is: N180mg/L, _P25mg /L, and _K50mg /L _. Nitrogen fertilizer is added in the form of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ and KNO ₃ , and the insufficient part is supplemented with (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ . The foliar fertilizer was sprayed with a sprayer with a volume of 2 L/m ² . On the 60th day and 75th day of cutting, the spraying was repeated once.

6. On the 70th day after cutting, the young shoots of the cutting seedlings were pulled out, and on the 90th day after cutting, the young shoots had finished spreading their leaves. The average plant height reached 21.75 cm, the average root length was 13.67 cm, and the average number of roots with a root length of more than 10 cm reached 11.

Embodiment two

1. Substrate and cutting pool preparation. After the horse liver soil is dried and crushed, it is mixed with loess and then peat soil and perlite are added. Mix the horse liver soil, loess, peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1:1, and pour it into the cutting pool that has been built. The size of the cutting pool is 2m x 10m x 0.3m in length, width and height The height of the middle matrix is 15cm. Then, mix 80g of carbendazim into the soil. Spray for 2 hours to dissolve carbendazim into the matrix.

2. Treatment of cuttings. On July 10, 2010, 100 strong six-year-old Chinese wolfberry seedlings were selected, and healthy and pest-free branches of the year were cut as cuttings, and a total of 2,000 cuttings were cut. Cut the lower incision of the cuttings flat, cut the upper incision obliquely, the incision is smooth, without rupture; the length is 15cm; the lower incision of the cuttings should have latent adventitious root primordia, that is, the base of internode side branches, bases of adventitious buds or bases of petioles; one pair of leaves should be reserved for cuttings , and cut off half of the leaves, and have complete and full lateral buds. After the cuttings are ready, use 500mg/LIBA+300mg/L6-BA solution to soak the lower part of the cuttings for 5 minutes, and then insert them into the slotting bed at a density of 10cm×10cm. Use sprinkler irrigation to water the substrate thoroughly and set the roots.

3. Full-light spray management: Use timer to control the water pump, and the spraying time is controlled as follows: on sunny days and high temperature (above 28°C) weather, the spraying time interval is 3 minutes, and the spraying time is 10 hours per day; on cloudy days, the spraying time interval is 12 minutes, every day Spray for 8 hours; do not spray in rainy days. The surface temperature of the cuttings was controlled at 25°C and the relative humidity was 75%.

4. On the 17th day after cutting, the base of cuttings began to grow callus. On the 23rd day, the callus differentiated and began to take root. On the 30th day, the rooting rate reached 91.32%, and the average root length reached 4.87cm.

5. Fertilization management: On the 45th day after cutting, spray the leaves of the plants with nutrient solution. The composition of the nutrient solution is: N180mg/L, P25mg/L, K50mg/L. The phosphate fertilizer is added in the form of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , and the potassium fertilizer is KNO ₃ Nitrogen fertilizer is added in the form of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ and KNO ₃ , and the insufficient part is supplemented with (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ . Use a sprayer for foliar fertilizer spraying with a volume of 25 L. On the 60th day and 75th day of cutting, the spraying was repeated once.

6. On the 68th day after cutting, the young shoots of the cutting seedlings were pulled out, and on the 90th day after cutting, the young shoots had finished spreading their leaves. The average plant height reached 22.16cm, the average root length was 12.78cm, and the average number of roots with a root length of more than 10cm reached 12.

According to the simple cutting method disclosed in the application, it can not only quickly promote the rooting of cuttings, but also promote the growth of plants after the cuttings survive. Utilizing the simple cuttage of Chinese wolfberry with combined substrates, a large number of Chinese wolfberry seedlings can be obtained quickly and effectively, and the problem of shortage of Chinese wolfberry resources can be solved; through the selection of substrate, cuttings, hormones, sprinkler irrigation conditions and nutritional formula after survival, it is possible to make Chinese wolfberry cuttings The survival rate reaches more than 90%, and quickly reaches the seedling specification (plant height of more than 20cm) after survival, and can efficiently obtain high-quality seedlings of Chinese wolfberry, which greatly meets the needs of the market.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the simple cuttage method of a Chinese holly is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

A) matrix allotment; B) inserting fringe handles; C) HORMONE TREATMENT; D) full exposure spraying management; E) fertilizing management.

It is characterized in that steps A) in the matrix allocation process be: according to 3: 1: 1: 1 volume ratio was poured horse liver soil, loess, peat soil and perlite mixing in the cuttage pond that has puzzled into, and carbendazim is admixed in the soil, and usage ratio is 4g/m ²

Step B) the slotting fringe processing time in is early July, chooses the current-year branch of Chinese holly, and slotting fringe lower cut truncation, upper cut are cut sth. askew, otch is level and smooth, crack-free; Length is 10-15cm;

Step C) the HORMONE TREATMENT method that adopts in is: use hormone to soak and insert fringe hypomere 5min, insert slotting machine immediately;

Step D) the full exposure spraying management method that adopts in is: use the timer control of pump, water spraying time is controlled to be: fine day, and spray time is spaced apart 3min, and the time interval at cloudy day is 12min, and the rainy day does not spray, and temperature is 25 ℃, relative moisture 75%;

Step e) fertilizing method that adopts in is: 45d after step C) accomplishing, and use nutrient solution to spray the plant blade face, nutrient composition is: N180mg/L, P25mg/L, K50mg/L.

2. the simple cuttage method of Chinese holly according to claim 1 is characterized in that step C) in for using the 500mg/LIBA+300mg/L6-BA solution soaking to insert fringe hypomere 5min.

3. according to the simple cuttage method of the described Chinese holly of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that step e) in phosphate fertilizer with NH ₄H ₂PO ₄Form adds, and potash fertilizer is with KNO ₃Form adds, and nitrogenous fertilizer is divided by NH ₄H ₂PO ₄And KNO ₃Form add outside, insufficient section is with (NH ₄) ₂SO ₄Replenish, it is 2L/m that nutrient solution sprays volume ²