CN113906969A - Method for domesticating and planting maca in plateau area - Google Patents
Method for domesticating and planting maca in plateau area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906969A CN113906969A CN202010651942.1A CN202010651942A CN113906969A CN 113906969 A CN113906969 A CN 113906969A CN 202010651942 A CN202010651942 A CN 202010651942A CN 113906969 A CN113906969 A CN 113906969A
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- 240000000759 Lepidium meyenii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000000421 Lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000012902 lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000721069 Duchesnea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001466452 Laminariaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036299 sexual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for domesticating and planting maca in a plateau area, which comprises the following steps: (1) seedling raising; (2) soil preparation; (3) planting; (4) water fertilizer; (5) and (6) harvesting. According to the method, maca is creatively introduced into the Tibet region for planting, a set of mode suitable for artificial planting of maca in Tibet is developed through researches on the growth habit of maca, local soil environment, temperature and humidity environment and the like, and in the domestication and planting process, workers find that the adaptability of maca seeds can be greatly improved, the seedling survival rate is improved, the problem of seedling burning is avoided, the mode can ensure that the seedling survival rate is over 94 percent, and the transplanting survival rate is over 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for domesticating and planting maca in a plateau area.
Background
Maca (Maca), also known as Maca, is native to the mountainous region of south America and Dies at an altitude of 3500-4500 m, and is now mainly distributed in the ecological region Puno in the middle of Peru and in the city Puno in southeast of Peru, being a member of the genus Laminariaceae, Duchesnea.
From the initial stage of the 60 th year to the 80 th year of the 20 th century, researches on the botanical and medicinal values of maca are systematized gradually, some traditional effects of maca are scientifically verified by researchers in Germany and North America botany, particularly after the 80 th year, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United nations suggests that maca is popularized in various countries in the world, and further discussion is made on chemical component identification, active component separation, pharmacological effects and the like of maca, wherein the effects of maca on fertility improvement, sexual function improvement, cancer resistance, leukemia resistance, syndrome treatment and the like become current research hotspots.
China has started to produce maca of our own in the dry county of Tashkurl in Xinjiang and one of Yunnan Lijiang, belongs to pure natural plants, and adopts pure artificial planting, so that the yield is very low, and the maca cannot be put on the market in large batch.
The high mountain economic plant research institute of the national academy of agricultural sciences of Yunnan began to successfully introduce seeds in the area with the altitude of more than 3000 m in Yunnan in 2003, the planting technology is mature, the planting area is gradually enlarged, the plants are mainly distributed in Lijiang, Diqing and other places, and the quality of the plants is comparable to that of Peru maca.
The method has the advantages that the land area of the Tibetan region in China is wide, land resources are not fully utilized, local people hope to improve the economic level by planting crops with high economic value, maca is introduced into local governments and is subjected to experimental planting, the good effect cannot be achieved by adopting the planting modes of Xinjiang and Yunnan, the survival rate is high, the yield is extremely high, and therefore the research and development of a new maca planting mode suitable for the climate characteristics of the Tibetan region are very critical.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for domesticating and planting maca in a plateau area of Tibet, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for domesticating and planting maca in the plateau area comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: in the early 3 months of the solar calendar, seedling raising pots are used for raising seedlings in a greenhouse in the Tibet region, each seedling raising pot raises 800 maca seedlings, and the seedling raising soil is humus, organic fertilizer and farmyard manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 1: 2, culturing seedlings in a greenhouse for two months, opening the greenhouse to adapt to the climate of an external Tibet region for one week, and transplanting the seedlings into a field;
(2) land preparation: selecting previous crops of non-planted cruciferae, sandy loam with general fertility, ploughing for 2-3 times, before ploughing for the last time, applying rotten high-quality farmyard manure 37.5-45 kg and organic fertilizer 75-1500 kg as base fertilizers to each hectare, uniformly scattering the base fertilizers on the ground surface, burying the base fertilizers in soil during ploughing, and then digging one-meter wide ridges, wherein the interval between each ridge is 0.5-0.7 meter;
(3) planting: taking the seedlings in batches by stages when 7-10 real leaves of maca seedlings appear in the middle ten days to the last ten days of 6 months, transplanting with soil, watering a seedbed before taking the seedlings, inserting a shovel below a root system when taking the seedlings, carefully taking the seedlings out, digging and transplanting by adopting a pull line, wherein the row spacing is 20X20 cm, 1 plant is planted in each pond, 15-18 ten thousand plants are planted in each hectare, the seedlings need to be exposed out of the soil surface during transplanting, and the water for fixing roots is thoroughly poured;
(4) water and fertilizer: watering in the morning on fine days after field planting survival, strictly forbidding irrigation before rain, paying attention to waterlogging drainage in the whole growth period to avoid waterlogging on the ridge surface, topdressing for 2-3 times according to seedling conditions, applying 150-225kg organic fertilizer and farmyard manure for each hectare, intertillage for 3-4 times to loosen soil in the growth period, and manually removing field weeds;
(5) harvesting: in the last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the color of the plant leaves turns yellow and fades, the fleshy roots are fully expanded, the base parts are round and blunt, the plant can be harvested, the leaves are removed after manual harvest, the soil and the fibrous roots are removed, the plant is cleaned by water, the plant is cut into slices and dried in the sun to obtain the commodity, and the commodity is processed and packaged to be sold on the market.
Further, in order to improve the survival rate of the seedlings and avoid the problem of over-fertility seedlings and burning seedlings or over-fertility seedlings and dying in the seedling growing process, the farmyard manure used in the step (1), the step (2) and the step (4) is prepared by a composting method, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(11) cutting dried maca plants and corn stalks, soaking the maca plants and the corn stalks in dung water in which chicken manure is soaked, and standing and fermenting for 5-10 days in a sealed environment;
(12) mixing the plant debris fermented in the step (11) with the chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 3-5: 1, stirring the mixture evenly to form first mixed manure; and (3) mixing the plant scraps fermented in the step (11) with sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 1, stirring the mixture and forming second mixed manure;
(13) alternately stacking the first mixed manure, the chicken manure, the second mixed manure and the sheep manure from bottom to top in sequence, spreading a layer of soil on the last surface, starting composting, and watering and cooling in the composting process; and turning the fertilizer pile on the 6 th day, uniformly mixing, composting again, and obtaining the farmyard manure after 5 days.
Has the advantages that: (1) according to the method, maca is creatively introduced into the Tibet region for planting, a set of mode suitable for artificial planting of maca in Tibet is developed through researches on the growth habit of maca, local soil environment, temperature and humidity environment and the like, and in the domestication and planting process, workers find that the adaptability of maca seeds can be greatly improved, the seedling survival rate is improved, the problem of seedling burning is avoided, the mode can ensure that the seedling survival rate is over 94 percent, and the transplanting survival rate is over 90 percent.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1: a method for domesticating and planting maca in a plateau area comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: in 3 months in the early Yangtze calendar, seedling pots are used for seedling culture in a greenhouse in the Tibet region, each seedling pot cultures 700 maca seedlings, and the seedling culture soil is humus, organic fertilizers and farmyard manure, and the ratio of the humus to the organic fertilizers is 7: 1: 2, culturing seedlings in a greenhouse for two months, opening the greenhouse to adapt to the climate of an external Tibet region for one week, and transplanting the seedlings into a field;
(2) land preparation: selecting previous crops of non-planted cruciferae, sandy loam with general fertility, ploughing for 2 times, before ploughing for the last time, applying rotten high-quality farmyard manure 37.5-45 kg and organic fertilizer 75-1500 kg as base fertilizers to each hectare, uniformly scattering the base fertilizers on the ground surface, burying the base fertilizers in the soil during ploughing, and then digging one-meter wide ridges, wherein the interval between each ridge is 0.5 meter;
(3) planting: taking the seedlings in batches by stages when 7-10 real leaves of maca seedlings appear in the middle ten days to the last ten days of 6 months, transplanting with soil, watering a seedbed before taking the seedlings, inserting a shovel below a root system when taking the seedlings, carefully taking the seedlings out, digging and transplanting by adopting a pull line, wherein the row spacing is 20X20 cm, 1 plant is planted in each pond, 15-18 ten thousand plants are planted in each hectare, the seedlings need to be exposed out of the soil surface during transplanting, and the water for fixing roots is thoroughly poured;
(4) water and fertilizer: watering in the morning on fine days after field planting survival, strictly forbidding irrigation before rain, paying attention to waterlogging drainage in the whole growth period to avoid waterlogging on the ridge surface, topdressing for 2-3 times according to seedling conditions, applying 150-225kg organic fertilizer and farmyard manure for each hectare, intertillage for 3-4 times to loosen soil in the growth period, and manually removing field weeds;
(5) harvesting: in the last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the color of the plant leaves turns yellow and fades, the fleshy roots are fully expanded, the base parts are round and blunt, the plant can be harvested, the leaves are removed after manual harvest, the soil and the fibrous roots are removed, the plant is cleaned by water, the plant is cut into slices and dried in the sun to obtain the commodity, and the commodity is processed and packaged to be sold on the market.
In order to improve the survival rate of the seedlings and avoid the problem of burning seedlings with too high fertility or dying seedlings with too low fertility in the seedling culture process, the farmyard manure used in the step (1), the step (2) and the step (4) is prepared by a composting method, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(11) cutting dried maca plants and corn stalks, soaking the maca plants and the corn stalks in dung water in which chicken manure is soaked, and standing and fermenting for 8 days in a sealed environment;
(12) mixing the plant debris fermented in the step (11) with the chicken manure according to a volume ratio of 45: 1, stirring the mixture evenly to form first mixed manure; mixing the plant scraps fermented in the step (11) with sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 2: 1, stirring the mixture and forming second mixed manure;
(13) alternately stacking the first mixed manure, the chicken manure, the second mixed manure and the sheep manure from bottom to top in sequence, spreading a layer of soil on the last surface, starting composting, and watering and cooling in the composting process; and turning the fertilizer pile on the 6 th day, uniformly mixing, composting again, and obtaining the farmyard manure after 5 days.
Through statistics, the survival rate of the maca seedlings cultured by the method can reach 95.8%, the survival rate of the maca transplanted can reach 90.3%, and the maca is successfully domesticated and grown in the Tibet plateau area to serve as an economic crop.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for domesticating and planting maca in a plateau area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: in the early 3 months of the solar calendar, seedling raising pots are used for raising seedlings in a greenhouse in the Tibet region, each seedling raising pot raises 800 maca seedlings, and the seedling raising soil is humus, organic fertilizer and farmyard manure according to the weight ratio of 7: 1: 2, culturing seedlings in a greenhouse for two months, opening the greenhouse to adapt to the climate of an external Tibet region for one week, and transplanting the seedlings into a field;
(2) land preparation: selecting previous crops of non-planted cruciferae, sandy loam with general fertility, ploughing for 2-3 times, before ploughing for the last time, applying rotten high-quality farmyard manure 37.5-45 kg and organic fertilizer 75-1500 kg as base fertilizers to each hectare, uniformly scattering the base fertilizers on the ground surface, burying the base fertilizers in soil during ploughing, and then digging one-meter wide ridges, wherein the interval between each ridge is 0.5-0.7 meter;
(3) planting: taking the seedlings in batches by stages when 7-10 real leaves of maca seedlings appear in the middle ten days to the last ten days of 6 months, transplanting with soil, watering a seedbed before taking the seedlings, inserting a shovel below a root system when taking the seedlings, carefully taking the seedlings out, digging and transplanting by adopting a pull line, wherein the row spacing is 20X20 cm, 1 plant is planted in each pond, 15-18 ten thousand plants are planted in each hectare, the seedlings need to be exposed out of the soil surface during transplanting, and the water for fixing roots is thoroughly poured;
(4) water and fertilizer: watering in the morning on fine days after field planting survival, strictly forbidding irrigation before rain, paying attention to waterlogging drainage in the whole growth period to avoid waterlogging on the ridge surface, topdressing for 2-3 times according to seedling conditions, applying 150-225kg organic fertilizer and farmyard manure for each hectare, intertillage for 3-4 times to loosen soil in the growth period, and manually removing field weeds;
(5) harvesting: in the last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the color of the plant leaves turns yellow and fades, the fleshy roots are fully expanded, the base parts are round and blunt, the plant can be harvested, the leaves are removed after manual harvest, the soil and the fibrous roots are removed, the plant is cleaned by water, the plant is cut into slices and dried in the sun to obtain the commodity, and the commodity is processed and packaged to be sold on the market.
2. A method for acclimatizing and growing maca in a plateau area according to claim 1, wherein: the farmyard manure used in the steps (1), (2) and (4) is prepared by a composting method, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(11) cutting dried maca plants and corn stalks, soaking the maca plants and the corn stalks in dung water in which chicken manure is soaked, and standing and fermenting for 5-10 days in a sealed environment;
(12) mixing the plant debris fermented in the step (11) with the chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 3-5: 1, stirring the mixture evenly to form first mixed manure; and (3) mixing the plant scraps fermented in the step (11) with sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 1-2: 1, stirring the mixture and forming second mixed manure;
(13) alternately stacking the first mixed manure, the chicken manure, the second mixed manure and the sheep manure from bottom to top in sequence, spreading a layer of soil on the last surface, starting composting, and watering and cooling in the composting process; and turning the fertilizer pile on the 6 th day, uniformly mixing, composting again, and obtaining the farmyard manure after 5 days.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010651942.1A CN113906969A (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Method for domesticating and planting maca in plateau area |
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| CN202010651942.1A CN113906969A (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Method for domesticating and planting maca in plateau area |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102884935A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-01-23 | 昆明滇然生物科技有限公司 | Plant maca growing method in lower altitude areas |
| CN104221664A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-24 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Normalized maca planting method |
| CN104813825A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Maca plantation method |
| CN105724043A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏慧博生物科技有限公司 | Planting method for plant maca |
| CN109197464A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of cultural method that maca quality and yield can be improved |
-
2020
- 2020-07-08 CN CN202010651942.1A patent/CN113906969A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102884935A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-01-23 | 昆明滇然生物科技有限公司 | Plant maca growing method in lower altitude areas |
| CN104221664A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-24 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Normalized maca planting method |
| CN104813825A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Maca plantation method |
| CN105724043A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏慧博生物科技有限公司 | Planting method for plant maca |
| CN109197464A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-15 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of cultural method that maca quality and yield can be improved |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 解明坤等: "优质玛咖栽培技术", 《云南农业》 * |
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