CN105940896B - The method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred - Google Patents
The method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred Download PDFInfo
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- CN105940896B CN105940896B CN201610270759.0A CN201610270759A CN105940896B CN 105940896 B CN105940896 B CN 105940896B CN 201610270759 A CN201610270759 A CN 201610270759A CN 105940896 B CN105940896 B CN 105940896B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to breeding plant technical fields, and in particular to the method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred.The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to existing Maca reproduction technique nursery low outputs, of poor quality and work consuming, time-consuming.The technical scheme is that the method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred, includes the following steps: a, seed treatment；B, the preparation of Nutrition Soil；C, it sows；D, nursery is managed and protected；E, hardening.The present invention can be used for the breeding of Maca seedling, and presprouting of seeds is fast, emergence is neat, emergence rate is high；Thickness of sowing, seedling quality and yield greatly improve；Growing-seedling period shortens, the seedling cultivation phenology time is controllable, cultivation survival rate is high；Nursery input-output ratio is high, remarkable benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to breeding plant technical fields, and in particular to the method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred.
Background technique
It Maca (Maca) botanical term and is commonly called as: being cross China Tech (Cruciferae, Brassicaceae) Lepidium apetalum
Belong to that (Lapidium) annual or biennial herbaceous plant.Scientific name: Lepidium meyenii Walp.；Chinese name: Maca (or
Maca), Peru's ginseng etc.；English name: Maca, Pinseng；Spain's literary fame: maca, maka, maino.Originate in Peru's peace the
The region of this 5-15 ° of mountain area south latitude, growing location height above sea level belong to plateau medical and edible dual purpose plant up to 3800-4500 meters.China is in 2001
Start in year to introduce Maca and plant experimentally, in 2003-2010 years, successively Tibet day leather then, Lijiang, yunnan, Sichuan Aba (Xiaojin County,
Songpan County) 3000 meters of area above of height above sea level plant experimentally success, since 2010, Lijiang, yunnan and drawing unravels silk, Sichuan Aba (little Jin,
The counties such as Songpan, Maerkang) carry out large-scale planting, cultivated area is up to 3 Wan Yuyu, wherein more than 2.3 ten thousand mu of Yunnan, Sichuan 0.7
More than ten thousand mus.
(Maca) is mainly rhizome for Maca, is rich in 55 kinds of vigor nutrients, dry rhizome 10-14% containing protein, fat
1.6-2.2% (though content is not high but is wherein mostly unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid content is up to 53% or more), carbon water
Compound 43-59%'s；Fiber 7.8-12.5%, another zinc rich in, calcium, iron, titanium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, copper, manganese, magnesium, strontium,
The mineral elements such as phosphorus, iodine, and contain vitamin C, B1, B2, B6, A, E, B12, B5.Natural activity composition includes alkaloid, mustard
Seed oil glycosides and its decomposition product benzyl isothiocyanate, sterol, polyphenols etc..1999, American scientist had found Maca
In the vegetable active composition new containing two classes, macamides (macamides) and Maca are dilute (macaenes), and determine both
Substance has remarkable effect to balanced human's hormone secretion, the natural hormone engine so Maca is otherwise known as.Due to Maca
Containing there are many nutrition of balanced and reasonable and a variety of biologically active secondary metabolites, having plurality kinds of health care and control
Treat effect, for health care mainly in terms of enhancing energy, improving fertility, improve it is powerful, it is main for treating
Obvious to the symptoms effect such as climacteric syndrome, rheumatism, depression, anemia, it also has the work such as anticancer and anti-leukocythemia
With.
Restrict the technical problem of Maca seedling breeding:
1, Maca conventional seedbed system low output, of poor quality.Seed sowing, kind can be taken by introducing a fine variety Maca progress commodity plant development
The multinomial planting technologies such as the cultivation of the seedling pure land, seedling film-mulching cultivation, wherein being produced with the Maca of seedling film-mulching cultivation planting technology production
Amount is high, commodity is good, quality is excellent (nutrient content is high).Seedling film-mulching cultivation planting benefit is improved, except choosing suitable life
Outside state area and anthropogenic soil, follow-up field management, most important factor first is that depending under the quality and seedling cultivation of seedling
Field and greenhouse conventional seedbed system are taken in ground period, seedling breeding production, and emergence rate is low, seedling growing way is extremely irregular, weak seedling ratio is high
Up to 30-45%, it is irregular to show nursery low output, seedling quality, influences cultivation effect.
2, Maca conventional seedbed system work consuming, time-consuming.First is that seedling development period is also exactly that weeds sprout in seedling raising process
Occur long-term, because of unavailable herbicide in seedling stage, and 15-20d is with grass-seed, grass in herbicide killing soil before seeding and growing seedling
Root, it is ineffective, therefore it is necessary to carry out artificial weeding in seedling growth animated period, otherwise almost without seedling output, either
Field or greenhouse are conventional, 7-9 when needing to every 1000 ㎡ seedling weeder, while lethal loss part seedling are wanted in weeding, damage
Mistake rate reaches 5-10%；Second is that the hygrophilous profit in Maca, acid soil, conventional seedbed system is by soil, the humidity of air, temperature and soil
Fertility, acid-base environment and crop smothering are affected, artificial difficult to control, once nursery selection plot, managing and protecting improper, will cause to plant
Seedling yield Severe Reduction, and postpone seedling and be out of the garden period, seriously affect the best phenology time on the lower ground of seedling cultivation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to existing Maca reproduction technique nursery low outputs, of poor quality and work consuming, time-consuming.
The technical scheme is that the method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred, includes the following steps:
A, seed treatment: to choose through 3 years introduction and acclimatizations, 2 years demonstration plants, fine individual plant radicle is cultivated from numerous kind
Source；Seed selection is soaked seed, disinfection；
B, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: by acid sandy loam, sheep dung, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, by weight 25~35:15~
The ratio of 25:30~50:4~8:2~6 is uniformly mixed, and is dried, and is modulated, and disinfection is packed into seedlings nursing plate, is placed in greenhouse, is sprayed, is made
Nutrition Soil humidity keeps 1~3d up to 20~30 DEG C of 70~80%, temperature, can seeding and seedling raising；
C, sow: with seed mixing after river sand is sterilized, be then seeded in seedlings nursing plate, make kind of a grain sink to surface soil 0.5~
1.0mm, thickness of sowing are controlled in 12300~13100 Li/㎡；
D, nursery is managed and protected: being buried from sowing to germination and is unearthed that need 7~9d be the vernalization phase, seed, which sows germination and emergence, needs 5
~7d is the sprout phase, is developed by sprout and forms the 1st true leaf and forms 8~10 true leaf nursery stocks need, 27~31d i.e. to development
For true leaf seedling stage；Vernalization phase and sprout phase make Nutrition Soil equilibrium in seedlings nursing plate keep humidity 70~80%, environment temperature 20~30
℃；5d keeps vernalization phase, the humidity of sprout phase Nutrition Soil, temperature environment horizontal before true leaf seedling stage, and 6~15d keeps Nutrition Soil
15~25 DEG C of humidity 65~75%, temperature, 16~31d formation nursery stock holding Nutrition Soil humidity 60~70%, temperature 10~
20℃。
E, hardening: breeding the nursery stock of formation in greenhouse, is transferred to hardening bed 5~7d of hardening, uses sunshade net during hardening
It is sun-proof；It is bred as that seedling can be cultivated at the end of hardening, takes seedling band soil field production.
Specifically, the seed morphology in step a as provenance is configured to spin vertical shape, specific gravity 1.3~1.7, the bulk density of seed
6~10%, 0.3~0.5g of mass of 1000 kernel, grain plumpness 90~95%, cleanliness 88~96%, variety 90~100%.
It is preferred, the specific gravity 1.5 of seed, bulk density 8%, mass of 1000 kernel 0.3g, grain plumpness 92.3%, cleanliness 92%,
Variety 95%.
Specifically, the seed selection in step a includes following operation: seed is placed in 1~3% saline solution, stirs 5~10min,
Floater and the sundries to float in liquid level is removed, net salt water is filtered；The seed merging pure water eluriated through salt water, stirring 3~
5min, inclines except drift, filters water purification with gauze, makes the grain plumpness of its seed up to 100%.
Specifically, gauze, plant fiber cloth, nylon leaching net or screen, plastic filter screen or screen, metal screen filter when filtering
Sieve is available.
Specifically, soaking seed described in step a are as follows: by seed in 25~35 DEG C of 200~400 ㎎/L ascorbic acid (AsA)
25~35h is impregnated in solution.
Specifically, disinfection described in step a are as follows: 300 times of formalin solutions of seed through having soaked seed impregnate 10~
20min disinfection is drained away the water with gauze filter decontamination liquid with pure water rinsing 3~5 times.
Specifically, organic fertilizer used in step b is that the wooden leaf or weeds accumulate the organic matter sufficiently to ferment.
Specifically, sunning described in step b makes Nutrition Soil water content lower than 8% or less.
Specifically, modulation operations described in step b are as follows: the Nutrition Soil after sunning being crushed, grinding and sieving removes
Coarse material grain makes Nutrition Soil most aniseed grainWith anhydrous phosphoric acid potassium tune pH value to 5.2~6.8.
Specifically, sterilizing operation described in step b is as follows: the Nutrition Soil modulated being contained into aluminium alloy basin, is set
Enter drying box high-temperature sterilization, 90~120 DEG C of sterilisation temp, 50~90min of time.It is thin in Nutrition Soil to kill by sterilizing
Bacterium, worm's ovum, grass-seed etc. obtain workable cleaning Nutrition Soil, Nutrition Soil are packed into the bag weaved envelope of sterile-processed plastics
It deposits spare.
Specifically, seedlings nursing plate selects PVC material plastics, model square position in step b, specification is bottom diameter/bore 54*
27cm, height 7.5cm；It contains to catch at seedlings nursing plate bottom before Nutrition Soil and puts one layer of permeable, ventilative Coarse Mesh Gauze, prevent suction hole of trying to get to the heart of a matter
Nutrition Soil is missed, Nutrition Soil holds thickness 5-7cm in disk, and soil layer surface smoothness is consistent；Seedlings nursing plate merging sets the forcing frame that haves three layers
Greenhouse, successively level is put, and seedlings nursing plate puts 1 ° of gradient <.If 3 layers of forcing frame more satisfactory, more nursery effects are poor, few
Greenhouse space utilization is insufficient.
The seedlings nursing plate of use belongs to flat, and gather grid type venthole, and disk is special as needed increases 2.0cm, highly reaches
7.5cm, the translucency of disk, gas permeability, good water absorption, toughness is strong, firm and durable, is unlikely to deform breach, degradable, the geometry of disk
It is dimensioned for nursery Job Operations.The series seedlings nursing plate commercial specification has bottom diameter/bore 58*24cm* high 3.5,4.5,5.5cm,
Bottom diameter/bore 42.5*42.5cm* high 4.5,5.0,5.5cm, bottom diameter/bore 54*27cm* high 3.5,4.5,5.5cm are for totally 3
The product of 9 kinds of specifications of column produces through all unsuitable Maca nursery on probation, tries out and select bottom diameter/bore 54*27cm* more afterwards
High 5.5cm size disc, the high 2.0cm of special increase disk make its disk up to 7.5cm, it is ensured that and the Nutrition Soil in disk reaches 5~
7cm, and do not spill over disk.And size, the nursery weight of the size disc are just suitble to forcing frame to put, manual handling operation, such as
Specification increase is unfavorable for transport operation, and specification diminution need to increase forcing frame space and frame material.
Specifically, river sand is 0.1~0.3 ㎜ of partial size, 100~130 DEG C of environmental drying sterilizations 20 of merging drying box in step c
~30min, with seed mixing after cooling, seed and husky mass ratio are than 1~2:2~3.
Specifically, the operation sowed in step c is as follows: by the seed broadcasting mixed thoroughly with river sand in seedlings nursing plate Nutrition Soil face,
With the light earthing face of 10 ㎝ wide spread pens.
Specifically, seedlings nursing plate position was exchanged in step d before vernalization phase and sprout phase, daily 10 o'clock, i.e., in greenhouse
First layer is changed to the second layer by the 3 layers of seedlings nursing plate rotation put, the second layer changes to third layer, third layer changes to first layer.
Exchange seedlings nursing plate position make the daylighting of seedling, moisturizing, it is ventilative be consistent, control emergence is neat, growing way is well-balanced, is bred as the homogeneous of seedling
Property it is good, be convenient for cultivation management.
Specifically, the whole system of hardening bed in step e: the smooth plot of selection generation acid sandy loam, it is whole that long 1300-1500 is made
The sun-dried mud brick cabinet of ㎝, high 12-16 ㎝, width 60-70 ㎝, tank surface is whole to be made deep 5-7 ㎝, width 56-58 ㎝ groove body；With methyl support
The 100 times of liquid sprayings of cloth saliva carry out disinfection, and nursery stock is moved into after 1~2d.
Specifically, watering in the groove body of hardening bed first before nursery stock moves into hardening bed in step e, keep its groove body native
Layer humidity reaches 100%, then the nursery stock of incubation is integrally taken out from seedlings nursing plate together with Nutrition Soil, and neat, level is placed in
In hardening bed groove body, seedling root, which has the gap, covers in reality, after the completion of the same day puts batch, successively pours again in night 21-22
Fill a water.
Specifically, sunshade net uses sun-shading frame in step e；Level land, air humidity mostly 60% or more, sun-shading frame frame height from
120~130 ㎝, wide 80~100 ㎝ of frame at the top of hardening bed；Gentle slope, air humidity is mostly 60% hereinafter, sun-shading frame frame height is from refining
90~110 ㎝, wide 100~120 ㎝ of frame at the top of seedbed.
In the present invention, is carried out disinfection with 100 times of liquid sprayings of thiophanate methyl, be mature technical indicator value；Make its groove body
Soil layer humidity reaches 100% and refers to that being watered with water in the groove body of hardening bed makes the soil around its contact seedling root contain abundance
Moisture, i.e. soil 100% is impregnated with moisture, reaches hardening and protects drop purpose；Sun-shading frame is the exposure for preventing the sun to seedling, and frame is arranged
High, width generally will be depending on topography, natural climate condition.
In the present invention, seed treatment takes 3 processing steps, can effectively improve the degree of purity and usage amount of seed quality
Accuracy, it is ensured that accelerate vernalization speed cleanliness, improve germination percentage, reduce susceptible gene.
4 processing steps are taken in seedling nutritious soil preparation, first is that sufficiently meeting Maca germination and growth of seedling hair
The soil environment of the nutritional need and suitable growth developmental characteristic educated, does not need spraying fertilizer again in leaf period；Second is that improving nursery
Thickness of sowing makes the unit area of its effective seedling produce seedling amount and is substantially improved 15-16 times compared with conventional seedbed system；Third is that exempting nursery stage
Weed growth, seedling infection pathogeny (bacterium, virus, worm's ovum), reduce weeding and the applications of pesticide, it is ensured that after seedling cultivates lower ground
The control of vegetative growth phase susceptible gene is 5% hereinafter, test result susceptible gene is below 3%.
Take " seedlings nursing plate type selecting and Nutrition Soil are held " and " seedlings nursing plate merging greenhouse is put and moisturizing, isothermal holding " work
Skill promotes Maca seed effectively to germinate, seedling normal development the purpose is to artificially control the control environment of Maca seedling breeding.
River sand seed dressing uniform broadcasting technique is taken, the accuracy rate of fining high-density sowing is mainly reached, prevent seed accumulation and is spread
Broadcast unevenness.
Nursery, which is managed and protected, takes the Nutrition Soil humidity to different development stage, temperature environment control, is on the one hand control sprout
The death rate is 1% hereinafter, test result reaches sprout survival rate up to 99.89%；It on the other hand is to improve Maca seedling to adapt to certainly
The resistance capacity of right climatic environment, it is ensured that seedling cultivation lower ground survival rate reaches 95% or more, test result up to 96% or more, with
And seedling cultivation under after vegetative growth phase grow fine.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) Maca conventional seedbed system low output, of poor quality and work consuming, time-consuming technical problem are efficiently solved.
(2) presprouting of seeds is fast, emergence is neat, emergence rate.This method shifts to an earlier date 3-6d compared with the vernalization unearthed time of conventional seedbed system
(method is 7-9d, routine is 10-15d), emergence interval short (method is 2d, routine is 5d), the neat rate of emergence improve 2.17
Times (the emergence rate empyrean method be 70.67%, conventional be 32.50%), emergence rate improve 13-23 percentage points, and (method is
98% or more, conventional is 75-85%).
(3) thickness of sowing, seedling quality and yield greatly improve.Thickness of sowing is improved compared with conventional seedbed system using this method
10-11 times (method be 12300-13100 Li/㎡, it is conventional be 1100-1200 Li/㎡), seedling quality is substantially improved and qualified seedling
Ratio improves 10-15 percentage points of (method is 95% or more, routine is 80-85%), effective seedling unit area and produces seedling amount and mention
15-16 times high (method is 11450-12610 Zhu/㎡, routine is 730-810 Zhu/㎡).
(4) growing-seedling period shortens, the seedling cultivation phenology time is controllable, cultivation survival rate is high.Exempted using this method nursery
It is (conventional to shorten 6-9d compared with conventional seedbed system by the throwing work of the process links such as weeding, spraying fertilizer and time-consuming, whole cycle 49-51d
Need 55-60d), while phenology environment is easy to control than conventional seedbed system, seedling growing way is balanced, and object is most preferably cultivated in controllable Maca
Shi Jieyong seedling is waited, seedling cultivation survival rate under equal conditions cultivates the kind shoot survival percent being more routinely bred as (most up to 96% or more
Up to 91%) it is higher by 5 percentage points.
(5) nursery input-output ratio is high, remarkable benefit.This method is respectively with conventional seedbed system unit area input-output ratio
1 ︰ 6.26 (the 591.00 Yuan/Yuan/of ㎡/112.30 ㎡), 1 ︰ 1.31 (the 38.00 Yuan/Yuan/of ㎡/29.10 ㎡) show using this method
Nursery benefit is extremely significant.
Specific embodiment
Seedling breeding greenhouse: 10 mu of seedling breeding base, wherein 8 mu make conventional seedbed system, 2 mu build seedling in greenhouse, need to build big
2, canopy, totally 1140 ㎡, every 570 ㎡, the high 4.8m of canopy, steel frame construction.Canopy ground pours 10 ㎝ mixed muds, pours mixed mud altogether
1330 ㎡ of ground (containing 190 ㎡ of the outer operation path of canopy)；Canopy surrounding builds 20 × 15 gutters ㎝, and build together gutter 123m；Every canopy
Interior installation is for placement 152 3 ㎡, 3 layers of forcing frame and rainer.
The accurate high-density sowing of unit area, fine-grained management are carried out in greenhouse facility nursery, and preparing first is suitable for that Maca is sprouted
Long Nutrition Soil occurs, Nutrition Soil is uniformly placed in seedlings nursing plate up to 6 ㎝ thickness, thickness of sowing control 12300-13100/
㎡, seed bury germination and emergence rate up to 98% or more, and temperature, humidity in strict control canopy, plane product produce high-quality qualified seedling
12500 Zhu/㎡, 2 rocs produce 33240000 plants of seedling per year.
The breeding of 1 the method for the present invention of embodiment
1, seed treatment: weighing the Maca seed 210g of prior year plantation breeding, through specific gravity 1.5, the bulk density of surveying seed
8%, mass of 1000 kernel 0.4g, grain plumpness 92.3%, cleanliness 92%, variety 95%.Seed is put into 2% saline solution, is stirred
7.5min is mixed, floater and the sundries to float in liquid level is removed, filters net salt water with gauze；The seed eluriated through salt water is put into
Pure water stirs 4min, inclines except drift, filters water purification with gauze, makes the grain plumpness of its seed up to 100%；Seed is placed in again
30h is impregnated in 30 DEG C of 300 ㎎/L ascorbic acid solution (production of Shanghai Pu Zhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd), is hereafter filtered with gauze
Water purification；Seed through having soaked seed impregnates 15min disinfection with 300 times of formalin solutions, filters decontamination liquid with gauze, uses pure water rinsing
It 4 times, drains away the water, seed 235.2g must be handled.
2, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: sandy loam 1500kg (accounting for 30%), 1000 ㎏ of sheep dung (accounting for 20%), organic fertilizer are taken respectively
2000kg (accounting for 40%), 300 ㎏ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (6%), potassium sulfate 200 ㎏ (accounting for 4%) total 5000kg are uniformly mixed, sunning to water
Divide≤8%, WF-60 type (the production capacity 750kg/h, smashing fineness 12-120 mesh, function produced with Jiangyin City up to fortune Machinery Co., Ltd.
Rate 18.5KW) pulverizer pulverizes and sieves, remove coarse material grain, make Nutrition Soil most aniseed grain φ≤1mm, with anhydrous phosphoric acid potassium tune
PH value contains the Nutrition Soil modulated into 70 × 45 × 12cm aluminium alloy basin, is placed in the mechanical limited public affairs of Chengdu Sai Erda to 6
Department produces RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven (beneficial to volume 10.3m3, heating power 60.0KW, power of fan 1.8KW, production capacity
480kg/ times, using 50~140 DEG C of temperature, equipped with drying vehicle and baking pan), 105 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 70min of temperature are adjusted to, after cooling
It is packed into that disinfection plastics are bag weaved to be sealed up for safekeeping spare, obtains available Nutrition Soil 4186kg.Selection specification is bottom diameter/bore 54*27cm, height
7.5cm seedlings nursing plate nursery catches in disk and puts one layer of permeable, ventilative Coarse Mesh Gauze, then contains into the Nutrition Soil prepared, and every disk is held
Thickness 6cm keeps soil layer surface smoothness consistent with scraper plate, altogether 273 disk of sabot (Nutrition Soil weight 15.31kg/ disk), the nursery got ready
Disk, which is placed in, sets the greenhouse of the forcing frame that haves three layers, and successively level is put, seedlings nursing plate put 1 ° of gradient < (be conducive to just it is good it is permeable, ventilative,
Daylighting), it is sprayed with greenhouse irrigating facility, makes Nutrition Soil humidity up to 75%, regulate and control 25 DEG C of temperature of shed, kept 2d to carry out sowing and educate
Seedling.
3, seeding and seedling raising: sorting the river sand of 0.1~0.3 ㎜ of partial size first, contain into 50 × 35 × 8cm aluminium alloy basin,
It is placed in Chengdu Sai Erda Machinery Co., Ltd. and produces RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven, be adjusted to 115 DEG C of drying sterilizings of temperature
25min, in seed after cooling: the seed dressing of river sand=1.0:1.5 ratio, i.e. 235.2g handle seed and mix with 352.8g sterilizing river sand
Even, then uniform broadcasting makes kind of a grain sink to surface soil in the Nutrition Soil face in seedlings nursing plate with the light earthing face of 10 ㎝ wide spread pens
0.75mm, practical sowing quantity are 0.74g (1850)/disk, and thickness of sowing is controlled in 12700 Li/㎡ or so.
4, nursery is managed and protected: in vernalization phase and sprout phase, i.e., since second day of sowing, exchanging nursery before daily 10 o'clock
Disk position, first layer changes to the second layer, the second layer changes to third layer, third layer changes to first layer.Vernalization phase and the control of sprout phase
Nutrition Soil equilibrium keeps humidity 75%, 25 DEG C of environment temperature in seedlings nursing plate；5d is kept for vernalization phase, the nutrition of sprout phase before true leaf seedling stage
Humidity, the temperature environment of soil are horizontal, and 6~15d keeps Nutrition Soil humidity 70%, 20 DEG C of temperature, and 16~29d forms nursery stock
Keep Nutrition Soil humidity 65%, 15 DEG C of temperature.None weed growth, vernalization phase 8d seedling all sprout, and emergence rate is up to 99.93%；Sprout
Phase 6d, 100% normal growing way；Leaf period 29d, Huang seedling rate 0.51% when the hardening that is out of the garden.
5, hardening: whole first to make hardening bed, the smooth plot of selection generation acid sandy loam, soil test paper method preliminary survey pH
Person, which determines, below 6.8 uses, and the sun-dried mud brick cabinet of long 1400 ㎝, high 14 ㎝, wide 70 ㎝ is made, and tank surface is made into deep 6 ㎝, width
57 ㎝ groove bodies are carried out disinfection with 100 times of liquid sprayings of thiophanate methyl, after placing 1d, first water in the groove body of hardening bed, make it
Groove body soil layer humidity reaches 100%, then the nursery stock of incubation is integrally taken out from seedlings nursing plate together with Nutrition Soil, neat, horizontal
It is placed in hardening bed groove body, seedling root, which has the gap, covers in reality.Hereafter, sun-shading frame is built, frame height is from the top of hardening bed 125
Wide 90 ㎝ of ㎝, frame additionally arranges three needle sunshade nets (sunshade rate 85%) anti-exposure, after the completion of same day nursery stock puts hardening batch,
A water is successively poured between when night 21-22 again.Hardening 6d takes seedling band soil field production, and incubation can cultivate high-quality Maca
501870 plants of seedling, produce seedling rate 99.37%.
6, cultivate: acid sandy loam more than selection 3200 m Above Sea-level, which is ploughed, cultivates, and the fertilizing that arable land is carried out before plant is whole
System, i.e., be put into per acre 3500kg farmyard manure add 50kg phosphoric acid K composite fertilizer (total nutrient 48%, total nitrogen 16%, it is organic phosphorus 16%, have
Machine potassium 16%), 25cm or more is turned over, wide 1500cm, high 10cm sun-dried mud brick cabinet is made in ground, it is fixed by 25 × 22cm of distance between rows and hills
It plants, digs field planting hole depth 7cm.Every hole is put into " 20-5-20 S-based compound fertilizer " 50g before seedling is planted into field planting hole, then takes one
The fibrous root stretched out under Nutrition Soil is cut in strain with soil species Miao Bingyong pruner, then is vertically put into hole that return soil pressure real, in seedling base portion
It forms a hollow and is watered with root water, every 3d watering is primary later, is watered in due course after 15d according to Changes in weather.Such as there is continuous yin
Rainy day does not allow to form hollow and low-lying plot ditching water drainage, reaching prevented in time in cultivation seedling base portion mulching soil
There is bad root phenomenon in flood.11800 plants/acre of planting density, 44.5 mu are cultivated altogether, cultivation survival rate 99.79%.
The breeding of 2 the method for the present invention of embodiment
1, seed treatment: weighing the Maca seed 70g of prior year plantation breeding, surveyed the specific gravity 1.3 of seed, bulk density 6%,
Mass of 1000 kernel 0.3g, grain plumpness 90%, cleanliness 88%, variety 90%.Seed is put into 1% saline solution, is stirred
10min removes floater and the sundries to float in liquid level, filters net salt water with gauze；The seed eluriated through salt water is put into pure
Water stirs 5min, inclines except drift, filters water purification with gauze, makes the grain plumpness of its seed up to 100%；Seed is placed in 35 again
DEG C 400 ㎎/L ascorbic acid solution (production of Shanghai Pu Zhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd) in impregnate 25h, hereafter filtered with gauze net
Water；Seed through having soaked seed impregnates 20min disinfection with 300 times of formalin solutions, decontamination liquid is filtered with gauze, with pure water rinsing 5
It is secondary, it drains away the water, seed 77.4g must be handled
2, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: sandy loam 625kg (accounting for 25%), 375 ㎏ of sheep dung (accounting for 15%), organic fertilizer are taken respectively
1250kg (accounting for 50%), 100 ㎏ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (4%), potassium sulfate 150 ㎏ (accounting for 6%) total 2500kg are uniformly mixed, sandy loam
875kg (accounting for 35%), 625 ㎏ of sheep dung (accounting for 25%), organic fertilizer 750kg (accounting for 30%), 200 ㎏ of phosphate fertilizer (8%), 50 ㎏ of potash fertilizer
(accounting for 2%) total 2500kg is uniformly mixed, sunning to moisture≤8%, the WF-60 type produced with Jiangyin City up to fortune Machinery Co., Ltd.
(production capacity 750kg/h, smashing fineness 12-120 mesh, power 18.5KW) pulverizer pulverizes and sieves, removes coarse material grain, make nutrition
Soil most aniseed grain φ≤1mm is contained the Nutrition Soil modulated into 70 × 45 × 12cm aluminium with anhydrous phosphoric acid potassium tune pH value to 5.2
Alloy basin, merging Chengdu Sai Erda Machinery Co., Ltd. produce RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven (beneficial to volume 10.3m3、
Heating power 60.0KW, power of fan 1.8KW, production capacity 480kg/ times, using 50~140 DEG C of temperature, equipped with drying vehicle and baking pan),
It is adjusted to 120 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 50min of temperature, is packed into that disinfection plastics are bag weaved to be sealed up for safekeeping spare after cooling, obtain available Nutrition Soil
2048kg.Selection specification is bottom diameter/bore 54*27cm, height 7cm seedlings nursing plate nursery, caught in disk put one layer it is permeable, ventilative
Coarse Mesh Gauze, then contain into the Nutrition Soil prepared, every disk holds thickness 7cm, keeps soil layer surface smoothness consistent with scraper plate, sabot altogether
118 disks (Nutrition Soil weight 17.35kg/ disk), the seedlings nursing plate merging got ready sets the greenhouse for the forcing frame that haves three layers, and successively level is put, and is educated
Seed plate puts 1 ° of gradient < (being conducive to just good permeable, ventilative, daylighting), is sprayed with greenhouse irrigating facility, reaches Nutrition Soil humidity
70%, regulate and control 20 DEG C of temperature of shed, 3d is kept to carry out seeding and seedling raising.
3, seeding and seedling raising: sorting the river sand of 0.1~0.3 ㎜ of partial size first, contain into 50 × 35 × 8cm aluminium alloy basin,
It is placed in Chengdu Sai Erda Machinery Co., Ltd. and produces RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven, be adjusted to 130 DEG C of drying sterilizings of temperature
20min, in seed after cooling: the seed dressing of river sand=1.0:2.0 ratio, i.e. 77.4g handle seed and mix with 254.8g sterilizing river sand
Even, then uniform broadcasting makes kind of a grain sink to surface soil 0.5mm in the Nutrition Soil face in seedlings nursing plate with the light earthing face of 10 ㎝ wide spread pens,
Practical sowing quantity is 0.573g (1910)/disk, and thickness of sowing is controlled in 13100 Li/㎡ or so.
4, nursery is managed and protected: in vernalization phase and sprout phase, i.e., since second day of sowing, exchanging nursery before daily 10 o'clock
Disk position, first layer changes to the second layer, the second layer changes to third layer, third layer changes to first layer.Vernalization phase and the control of sprout phase
Nutrition Soil equilibrium keeps humidity 70%, 20 DEG C of environment temperature in seedlings nursing plate；5d is kept for vernalization phase, the nutrition of sprout phase before true leaf seedling stage
Humidity, the temperature environment of soil are horizontal, and 6~15d keeps Nutrition Soil humidity 65%, 15 DEG C of temperature, and 16~31d forms nursery stock
Keep Nutrition Soil humidity 60%, 10 DEG C of temperature.None weed growth, vernalization phase 9d seedling all sprout, and emergence rate is up to 99.17%；Sprout
Phase 7d, 100% normal growing way；Leaf period 31d, Huang seedling rate 0.73% when the hardening that is out of the garden.
5, hardening: whole first to make hardening bed, the smooth plot of selection generation acid sandy loam, soil test paper method preliminary survey pH
Person, which determines, below 6.8 uses, and the sun-dried mud brick cabinet of long 1300 ㎝, high 16 ㎝, wide 60 ㎝ is made, and tank surface is made into deep 7 ㎝, width
56 ㎝ groove bodies are carried out disinfection with 100 times of liquid sprayings of thiophanate methyl, after placing 2d, first water in the groove body of hardening bed, make it
Groove body soil layer humidity reaches 100%, then the nursery stock of incubation is integrally taken out from seedlings nursing plate together with Nutrition Soil, neat, horizontal
It is placed in hardening bed groove body, seedling root, which has the gap, covers in reality.Hereafter, sun-shading frame is built, frame height is from the top of hardening bed 130
Wide 100 ㎝ of ㎝, frame additionally arranges three needle sunshade nets (sunshade rate 85%) anti-exposure, after the completion of same day nursery stock puts hardening batch,
A water is successively poured between when night 21-22 again.Hardening 7d takes seedling band soil field production, and incubation can cultivate high-quality Maca
221540 plants of seedling, produce seedling rate 98.30%.
6, cultivate: cultural method is the same as embodiment 1.11800 plants/acre of planting density, 18.8 mu are cultivated altogether, cultivation survival rate
99.23%.
The breeding of 3 the method for the present invention of embodiment
1, seed treatment: weighing the Maca seed 150g of prior year plantation breeding, through specific gravity 1.7, the bulk density of surveying seed
10%, mass of 1000 kernel 0.5g, grain plumpness 95%, cleanliness 96%, variety 100%.Seed is put into 3% saline solution, is stirred
5min is mixed, floater and the sundries to float in liquid level is removed, filters net salt water with gauze；The seed eluriated through salt water is put into pure
Water stirs 3min, inclines except drift, filters water purification with gauze, makes the grain plumpness of its seed up to 100%；Seed is placed in 25 again
DEG C 200 ㎎/L ascorbic acid solution (production of Shanghai Pu Zhen Biotechnology Co., Ltd) in impregnate 35h, hereafter filtered with gauze net
Water；Seed through having soaked seed impregnates 10min disinfection with 300 times of formalin solutions, decontamination liquid is filtered with gauze, with pure water rinsing 3
It is secondary, it drains away the water, seed 169.5g must be handled.
2, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: sandy loam 875kg (accounting for 35%), 625 ㎏ of sheep dung (accounting for 25%), organic fertilizer are taken respectively
750kg (accounting for 30%), 200 ㎏ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (8%), potassium sulfate 50 ㎏ (accounting for 2%) total 2500kg are uniformly mixed, sunning to moisture
≤ 8%, WF-60 type (the production capacity 750kg/h, smashing fineness 12-120 mesh, power produced with Jiangyin City up to fortune Machinery Co., Ltd.
18.5KW) pulverizer pulverizes and sieves, remove coarse material grain, make Nutrition Soil most aniseed grain φ≤1mm, with anhydrous phosphoric acid potassium tune pH
Value contains the Nutrition Soil modulated into 70 × 45 × 12cm aluminium alloy basin, is placed in the mechanical limited public affairs of Chengdu Sai Erda to 6.8
Department produces RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven (beneficial to volume 10.3m3, heating power 60.0KW, power of fan 1.8KW, production capacity
480kg/ times, using 50~140 DEG C of temperature, equipped with drying vehicle and baking pan), 90 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 90min of temperature are adjusted to, hereafter by it
It is packed into that disinfection plastics are bag weaved to be sealed up for safekeeping spare, obtains available Nutrition Soil 2133kg.Selection specification is bottom diameter/bore 54*27cm, height
7cm seedlings nursing plate nursery catches in disk and puts one layer of permeable, ventilative Coarse Mesh Gauze, then contains into the Nutrition Soil prepared, and every disk holds thickness
5cm is spent, keeps soil layer surface smoothness consistent with scraper plate, altogether 158 disk of sabot (Nutrition Soil weight 13.49kg/ disk), the seedlings nursing plate got ready
Merging sets the greenhouse of the forcing frame that haves three layers, and successively level is put, seedlings nursing plate put 1 ° of gradient < (conducive to just it is good it is permeable, breathe freely, adopt
Light), it is sprayed with greenhouse irrigating facility, makes Nutrition Soil humidity up to 80%, regulate and control 30 DEG C of temperature of shed, kept 2d to carry out sowing and educate
Seedling.
3, seeding and seedling raising: sorting the river sand of 0.1~0.3 ㎜ of partial size first, contain into 50 × 35 × 8cm aluminium alloy basin,
It is placed in Chengdu Sai Erda Machinery Co., Ltd. and produces RXG-54-C type heated-air circulation oven, be adjusted to 100 DEG C of drying sterilizings of temperature
30min, in seed after cooling: the seed dressing of river sand=1.0:1.0 ratio, i.e. 169.5g handle seed and mix with 169.5g sterilizing river sand
Even, then uniform broadcasting makes kind of a grain sink to surface soil 1.0mm in the Nutrition Soil face in seedlings nursing plate with the light earthing face of 10 ㎝ wide spread pens,
Practical sowing quantity is 0.895g (1790)/disk, and thickness of sowing is controlled in 12300 Li/㎡ or so.
4, nursery is managed and protected: in vernalization phase and sprout phase, i.e., since second day of sowing, exchanging nursery before daily 10 o'clock
Disk position, first layer changes to the second layer, the second layer changes to third layer, third layer changes to first layer.Vernalization phase and the control of sprout phase
Nutrition Soil equilibrium keeps humidity 80%, 30 DEG C of environment temperature in seedlings nursing plate；5d is kept for vernalization phase, the nutrition of sprout phase before true leaf seedling stage
Humidity, the temperature environment of soil are horizontal, and 6~15d keeps Nutrition Soil humidity 75%, 25 DEG C of temperature, and 16~27d forms nursery stock
Keep Nutrition Soil humidity 70%, 20 DEG C of temperature.Vernalization phase 7d seedling all sprouts, and emergence rate is up to 99.92%；Sprout phase 5d, 100% is normal
Growing way；Leaf period 27d, Huang seedling rate 0.62% when the hardening that is out of the garden.
5, hardening: whole first to make hardening bed, the smooth plot of selection generation acid sandy loam, soil test paper method preliminary survey pH
Person, which determines, below 6.8 uses, and the sun-dried mud brick cabinet of long 1500 ㎝, high 12 ㎝, wide 70 ㎝ is made, and tank surface is made into deep 5 ㎝, width
58 ㎝ groove bodies are carried out disinfection with 100 times of liquid sprayings of thiophanate methyl, after placing 2d, first water in the groove body of hardening bed, make it
Groove body soil layer humidity reaches 100%, then the nursery stock of incubation is integrally taken out from seedlings nursing plate together with Nutrition Soil, neat, horizontal
It is placed in hardening bed groove body, seedling root, which has the gap, covers in reality.Hereafter, sun-shading frame is built, frame height is from the top of hardening bed 120
Wide 80 ㎝ of ㎝, frame additionally arranges three needle sunshade nets (sunshade rate) anti-exposure, after the completion of same day nursery stock puts hardening batch, in night
A water is successively poured between when 21-22 again.Hardening 5d takes seedling band soil field production, and incubation can cultivate high-quality Maca seedling
280650 plants, produce seedling rate 99.23%.
6, cultivate: cultural method is the same as embodiment 1.11800 plants/acre of planting density, 23.8 mu are cultivated altogether, cultivation survival rate
99.61%.
1 seedling in greenhouse of reference examples
1, seed treatment: the step of weighing the Maca seed 5.2g of prior year plantation breeding, seed quality and processing, method
It is same as Example 1.Seed 5.8g must be handled.
2, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: sandy loam 30kg (accounting for 30%), 20 ㎏ of sheep dung (accounting for 20%), organic fertilizer 40kg are taken respectively
(accounting for 40%), 6 ㎏ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (6%), potassium sulfate 4 ㎏ (accounting for 4%) total 100kg are uniformly mixed, sunning to moisture≤8%, with
Rear step, method except not upper machine disinfection treatment it is outer, others are same as Example 1.Nutrition Soil 92.3kg must can be used, sabot altogether
6 disks (Nutrition Soil weight 15.38kg/ disk).
3, seeding and seedling raising: in addition to the not upper machine disinfection of river sand, other steps, method are same as Example 1.Practical sowing quantity is
0.74g (1850)/disk, thickness of sowing are controlled in 12700 Li/㎡ or so.
4, nursery is managed and protected: step, method are same as Example 1.Weeds account for 31.51%, and vernalization phase 10d seedling all sprouts, emergence
Rate is up to 89.12%；Sprout phase 8d, 81.75% normal growing way；Leaf period 33d, Huang seedling rate 15.41% when the hardening that is out of the garden.
5, hardening: step, method are same as Example 1.Hardening 6d takes seedling band soil field production, and incubation can cultivate Ma
6841 plants of card type seedling, produce seedling rate 61.63%.
6, cultivate: step, method are same as Example 1.11800 plants/acre of planting density, altogether cultivate 0.58 mu, cultivation at
Motility rate 89.75%.
2 field nursery of reference examples
1, seed treatment: the step of weighing the Maca seed 12g of prior year plantation breeding, seed quality and processing, method
It is same as Example 1.Seed 13.4g must be handled.
2, nursery selection and whole system: selection is leeward, faces south, and topography is flat, and water condition is good, and the convenient field of irrigation and drainage is made
Nursery delimit 15 ㎡ nursery, apply 200 ㎏ of sheep dung, organic fertilizer 400kg (accounting for 40%), 60 ㎏ of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (6%), sulphur
Sour 40 ㎏ of potassium (accounting for 4%) is deep ploughed 30cm, it is whole wide 90cm is made, high 15cm sun-dried mud brick cabinet makees sowing seedbed, seedbed soil face is smooth, nothing
The stone of > 3mm and other sundries, the watering of 3d seedbed soil face makes it be impregnated into 10cm under soil deep prior to seeding, then sprays 500 times
Carbendazol, soil moisture reaches 85% or so at seeding time.Practical whole 12.3 ㎡ of seeding in nursery bed area processed.
3, seeding and seedling raising: the sowing time selected March 23, and step, method are same as Example 1.Practical sowing quantity is
0.85g/ ㎡, thickness of sowing are controlled in 2120 Li/㎡ or so.
4, nursery is managed and protected: after planting the same day waters primary at dusk, and with backsight weather condition and soil moisture content, watering is urged in due course
Bud emergence, the watering in time lower than 70% of nursery soil humidity, 8d emergence, 16d seedling all sprouts, before true leaf seedling stage 5d keep the vernalization phase,
The humidity level of sprout phase soil battalion, 6~20d keep soil nutrient soil humidity 75%, and 21~35d forms nursery stock moisturizing
Degree 70%.After planting 6d starts weed growth occur, manually cuts weeds in true leaf 22d, and a first frost is sprayed after weeding
Clever 500 liquid of MnZn+decis, 1200 liquid prevents and treats the pest and disease damages such as samping off and grub.Nursery 60d is out of the garden cultivation, in which: vernalization
Phase 16d, sprout phase 9d, leaf period 35d.Emergence rate 81.39%, 57.52% normal growing way, the yellow seedling rate 20.37% of nursery stock.
Incubation can cultivate 9721 plants of Maca seedling, produce seedling rate 37.28%.
5, cultivate: step, method are same as Example 1.11800 plants/acre of planting density, altogether cultivate 0.82 mu, cultivation at
Motility rate 83.54%.
To sum up, two kinds of technologies are subjected to productive comparison:
The technology of the present invention nursery production: implement by 1 step of embodiment, method, handle seed 4.5kg, prepare Nutrition Soil
91000kg fills 5944 disk of seedlings nursing plate, nursery, hardening totally 48 days, produces 1078.97 ten thousand plants, produces seedling rate 98.12%, and unit area produces
12450.07 Zhu/㎡ of seedling amount.0.0138 yuan of sheet of Heisei of strain.
The production of field conventional seedbed system: implement by 2 step of reference examples, method, handle seed 4.5kg, whole nursery 7.8 of increasing fertilizer
Mu is made 4420 ㎡ of seedling bed sown area, nursery 59 days, produces 344.55 ten thousand plants, produces seedling rate 36.77%, and unit area produces seedling
Measure 779.52 Zhu/㎡.0.1035 yuan of sheet of Heisei of strain.
The two compares: the technology of the present invention, which improves, produces 15.97 times of seedling amount, saves 7.5 times of cost, whole seedling raise period is also significantly
It saves.
Claims (9)
1. the method that Maca seedling is efficiently bred, characterized by the following steps:
A, it seed treatment: chooses through 3 years introduction and acclimatizations, 2 years demonstration plants, fine individual plant radicle is cultivated from numerous provenance；Seed selection,
Seed soaking, disinfection；
B, the preparation of Nutrition Soil: by acid sandy loam, sheep dung, organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, by weight 25~35:15~25:
The ratio of 30~50:4~8:2~6 is uniformly mixed, and is dried, and is modulated, and disinfection is packed into seedlings nursing plate, is placed in greenhouse, is sprayed, is made nutrition
Native humidity keeps 2~3d up to 20~30 DEG C of 70~80%, temperature, can seeding and seedling raising；The organic fertilizer is the wooden leaf or weeds heap
The organic matter that product is sufficiently fermented；
C, sow: with seed mixing after river sand is sterilized, be then seeded in seedlings nursing plate, make kind of a grain sink to surface soil 0.5~
1.0mm, thickness of sowing are controlled in 12300~13100 Li/㎡；
D, nursery is managed and protected: being buried from sowing to germination and is unearthed that need 7~9d be the vernalization phase, seed, which sows germination and emergence, needs 5~7d
The as sprout phase is developed by sprout and forms the 1st true leaf to development to form 8~10 true leaf nursery stocks need, 27~31d as true
Leaf seedling stage；Vernalization phase and sprout phase make Nutrition Soil equilibrium in seedlings nursing plate keep humidity 70~80%, 20~30 DEG C of environment temperature；?
Vernalization phase and sprout phase exchanged seedlings nursing plate position before daily 10 o'clock, i.e., to the 3 layers of seedlings nursing plate rotation put in greenhouse,
First layer is changed into the second layer, the second layer changes to third layer, third layer changes to first layer；Before true leaf seedling stage 5d keep the vernalization phase,
Humidity, the temperature environment of sprout phase Nutrition Soil are horizontal, and 6~15d keeps Nutrition Soil humidity 65~75%, 15~25 DEG C of temperature,
16~31d forms nursery stock and keeps Nutrition Soil humidity 60~70%, 10~20 DEG C of temperature；
E, hardening: breeding the nursery stock of formation in greenhouse, is transferred to hardening bed 5~7d of hardening, uses sunshade net sun-proof during hardening；
It is bred as that seedling can be cultivated at the end of hardening, takes seedling band soil field production.
2. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: the seed selection in step a includes as follows
Operation: being placed in 1~3% saline solution for seed, stir 5~10min, removes floater and the sundries to float in liquid level, filter
Net salt water；The seed eluriated through salt water is placed in pure water, stirs 3~5min, inclines except drift, filters water purification with gauze, makes its seed
Grain plumpness up to 100%.
3. the method that Maca seedling as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: soak seed described in step a are as follows:
Seed is impregnated into 25~35h in 25~35 DEG C of 200~400mg/L ascorbic acid solution.
4. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: disinfection described in step a are as follows: warp
300 times of formalin solutions of the seed soaked seed impregnate 10~20min disinfection, filter decontamination liquid with gauze, with pure water rinsing 3~
It 5 times, drains away the water.
5. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: modulation operations described in step b
It is as follows: the Nutrition Soil after sunning to be crushed, grinding and sieving removes coarse material grain, makes Nutrition Soil most aniseed grainWith nothing
Water potassium phosphate tune pH value is to 5.2~6.8.
6. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: in step c river sand be partial size 0.1~
0.3mm, 100~130 DEG C of environmental dryings of merging drying box sterilize 20~30min, it is cooling after with seed mixing, seed and husky matter
Measure ratio 1~2:2~3.
7. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: the whole system of hardening bed in step e: selection
Smooth plot with acid sandy loam, the whole sun-dried mud brick cabinet that long 1300~1500 ㎝, high 12~16 ㎝, wide 60~70 ㎝ is made,
Tank surface is whole to be made deep 5~7 ㎝, wide 56~58 ㎝ groove body；It is carried out disinfection with 100 times of liquid sprayings of thiophanate methyl, after 1~2d
Move into nursery stock.
8. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: nursery stock moves into hardening in step e
Before bed, water in the groove body of hardening bed first, its groove body soil layer humidity made to reach 100%, then by the nursery stock of incubation together with
Nutrition Soil integrally takes out from seedlings nursing plate, and neat, level is placed in hardening bed groove body, and seedling root, which has the gap, covers in reality,
After the completion of the same day puts batch, a water is successively poured again in night 21-22.
9. the method that Maca seedling as described in claim 1 is efficiently bred, it is characterised in that: sunshade net uses sunshade in step e
Frame, in level land, air humidity mostly 60% or more, sun-shading frame frame height is wide by 80~100 from 120~130 ㎝, frame at the top of hardening bed
㎝；On gentle slope, air humidity is mostly 60% hereinafter, sun-shading frame frame height is wide by 100~120 from 90~110 ㎝, frame at the top of hardening bed
㎝。
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| CN104186158A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Maca seedling cultivating and planting method |
| CN105075576A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-11-25 | 昆明康嘉乐生物科技有限公司 | Method of organic plantation of maca |
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| CN104186158A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 丽江红顺堂生物科技开发有限公司 | Maca seedling cultivating and planting method |
| CN105075576A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-11-25 | 昆明康嘉乐生物科技有限公司 | Method of organic plantation of maca |
| CN105103864A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-02 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Lepidium meyenii walp planting method in middle-lower Yangtze area |
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