CN107114035A - A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean - Google Patents
A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114035A CN107114035A CN201710466477.2A CN201710466477A CN107114035A CN 107114035 A CN107114035 A CN 107114035A CN 201710466477 A CN201710466477 A CN 201710466477A CN 107114035 A CN107114035 A CN 107114035A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, it is related to broad bean plant technology field, comprises the following steps：（1）, selection of land site preparation；（2）, selection kind；（3）, seed vernalization processing；（4）, nursery；（5）, transplant；（6）, field management；（7）, harvesting.Planting process ecological, environmental protective of the present invention, can greatly improve the yield of broad bean, quality be improved significantly, with dissemination.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to broad bean plant technology field, and in particular to a kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean.
Background technology
Broad bean, also known as lima bean, broad bean etc., originate in northern from the Asia west and south and Africa, belong to annual or more year
Raw long-day herbaceous plant, may be used as grain, vegetables, medicinal material, feed and green manure etc..Traditional broad bean planting patterns yield
Low, pest and disease damage is more, and ASI systematic approach is low, and ecological environment is destroyed to a certain extent, is unfavorable for the stabilization of the ecosystem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, planting process ecological, environmental protective can make silkworm
The yield of beans is greatly improved, quality be improved significantly, with dissemination.
The invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, comprise the following steps：
（1）, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection high-land, the sandy loam that illumination is good, soil layer is thick, fertile loose and pH value is 6~7 are used as plantation crop field；
Site preparation：Deep ploughed 30 ~ 35cm, and soil is harrowed into thin, is sprinkled upon with being spread after fertile soil and stalk mixing of becoming thoroughly decomposed in soil, thickness is 5
~10cm, then irrigate soil with water；Then exposure 3~5 days, apply base fertilizer, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 100 ~ 200kg；According to
A width of 50~the 60cm of furrow, a height of 30~40cm of furrow, ditch depth are 15~20cm standard bedding；
（2）, selection kind
Low light tolerance, winter resistance, disease-resistant, high yield Vicia Faba are selected, full pure, no disease and pests harm is selected, without the broad bean gone mouldy
Seed；
（3）, seed vernalization processing
Broad Bean Seeds are put into 1 ~ 2h of immersion in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of clear water, make its water swelling；
It is then placed in after soaking 15 ~ 30min in 55 ~ 60 DEG C of 2.5% sodium chloride solution and pulls out；
The Broad Bean Seeds pulled out are put into 20 ~ 40s of seed soaking in Gibberellins solution, 10 ~ 15 are then handled under 0 ~ 3 DEG C of cryogenic conditions
My god；
（4）, nursery
Prepare hole tray and be put into seedling medium, by step（3）Seed after middle vernalization treatment is sown into hole tray, per 1 ~ 2, cave, is broadcast
Enter rear 1 ~ 2cm of earthing, uniformly water spray covers one layer of mulch film to drip irrigation to moistening, and on soil layer, and when broad bean is emerged, rupture of membranes puts seedling,
It is soft when the young stem of plant is up to 6 ~ 8cm, when on main root with white fibrous root, seedling is obtained, prepares to transplant；
（5）, transplant
It is that 40~50cm, line-spacing are 80~100cm by step according to spacing in the rows（4）Seedling replanting to planting crop field；
（6）, field management
Intertillage in 10 ~ 15 days is loosened the soil after transplanting, and intertillage depth is 17~19cm, is once poured water every 5 ~ 7 days after intertillage, and match somebody with somebody
Close and apply an organic fertilizer, consumption is every mu of 10~15kg；
Broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the mixed solution sprinkling of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln are handled；
The mixed solution sprinkling processing of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
（7）, harvesting.
Preferably, the step（1）In base fertilizer include following part count raw material：25 ~ 30 parts of urea, quick lime 21 ~ 23
2 ~ 4 parts of part, 17 ~ 19 parts of chicken manure, 13 ~ 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 ~ 12 parts of vinasse, 8 ~ 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 ~ 6 parts of molydbenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer.
Preferably, the step（1）The ratio of middle fertile soil and the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3 ~ 5：1.
Preferably, the step（3）The concentration of middle Gibberellins solution is 40 ~ 60ppm.
Preferably, the step（6）In organic fertilizer include following part count raw material：36 ~ 38 parts of plant ash, modified ooze
33 ~ 35 parts, 30 ~ 31 parts of medical stone, 28 ~ 29 parts of flyash, 20 ~ 22 parts of alginic acid, 20 ~ 22 parts of bamboo charcoal, 18 ~ 19 parts of pine bark,
15 ~ 16 parts of chilli powder, 12 ~ 14 parts of soya-bean cake, 8 ~ 10 parts of ground phosphate rock, 5 ~ 8 parts of peanut shell, 5 ~ 8 parts of bone meal, 3 ~ 4 parts of urease inhibitor
With 1 ~ 2 part of leaf mould.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified ooze is：Ooze is put into heating tank, adds water and is tuned into pasty state in right amount,
And 40 ~ 50min is heated under the conditions of 30 ~ 37 DEG C, 20 ~ 24h is refrigerated under the conditions of being put into 0 ~ 2 DEG C after natural cooling, makes its crystallization solidifying
It is heavy, hydrone separate from material is come out, solid-state ooze is obtained, low temperature drying is then placed under 54 ~ 55 DEG C of environment to moisture content
For 4 ~ 6%, the modified ooze is obtained.
Preferably, the step（6）In also include pinching training：Plant bottom first flower blacks, and extracts black portions out and sees
The top heart is extractd during small 1 ~ 2cm of pod；Divide exactly branch without a head, empty branch and unnecessary branch, every plant keeps effective branch amount to be 9 ~ 16.
Preferably, the step（6）In also include pest control：It is wettable with 50% Aphox every 20 ~ 30 days after transplanting
Property 2000~3000 times of full fields of liquid of pulvis are sprayed once.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Planting process ecological, environmental protective, can greatly improve the yield of broad bean, quality is obtained substantially
Improve, it is specific as follows with dissemination：
（1）, the present invention from seed selection, vernalization treatment, breeding, transplant planting and field management, and the scientific and rational fertilizer of combination
Material, the addition of the nutriment in each stage improves the disease-resistant insect pest performance of plant, improves broad bean quality, is adapted to extensive plant
Training；
（2）, the present invention in seed vernalization handle, promote broad bean Blooming, first using 30 ~ 35 DEG C of clear water and sodium chloride
Solution soaks seed so that seed hull is weak, it is easy to broken bud；Then using Gibberellins solution seed soaking and low-temperature treatment, kind is made
Daughter cell Differentiation, so as to promote the development of Broad Bean Seeds embryo, shortens germinating time, improves Broad Bean Seeds germination percentage, contracting
The short growth cycle of broad bean, while also improving the vigor of seedling after germination；
（3）, the present invention in manure use, wherein the plant ash added also has in addition to containing macronutrients such as potassium, calcium
The various trace elements such as silicon, iron, magnesium, can promote branches and leaves dark green, strengthen photosynthesis, therefore bean plant growth can be promoted strong
It is strong, strengthen the ability of its Resistant and natural calamity, plant ash may also suppress pest and disease damage, kill underground disease pest ovum and germ, prevents
The only generation of pest and disease damage；The chilli powder of addition, which can both serve, kills suppression underground pests and harmful microbe, can be again plant
The growth and metabolism of strain provide a required class micro organic element；Modified ooze, medical stone, flyash and alginic acid plus
Enter, the crumb structure of soil can be improved, kept soil from packing together, promote breathing of the broad bean root to nutrition；Urease inhibitor energy
Enough the microorganism in regulation soil and enzymatic structure, improve the utilization rate of nutrient, and then promote the growth of broad bean, effectively meet
Needed for broad bean growth；
（4）, field management of the present invention when in the mixed of broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln
Close spray solution processing；Handle, be conducive in the mixed solution sprinkling of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Stable yields and improvement broad bean quality, prevent and treat pest and disease damage.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.These embodiments be merely to illustrate the present invention and without
In limitation the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, comprise the following steps：
（1）, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection high-land, the sandy loam that illumination is good, soil layer is thick, fertile loose and pH value is 6 are used as plantation crop field；
Site preparation：Deep ploughed 30cm, and soil is harrowed into thin, is sprinkled upon with being spread after fertile soil and stalk mixing of becoming thoroughly decomposed in soil, thickness is 5cm,
Again soil is irrigated with water；Then exposure 3 days, apply base fertilizer, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 100kg；According to a width of 50cm of furrow, furrow are high
For 30cm, ditch depth is 15cm standard bedding；
（2）, selection kind
Low light tolerance, winter resistance, disease-resistant, high yield Vicia Faba are selected, full pure, no disease and pests harm is selected, without the broad bean gone mouldy
Seed；
（3）, seed vernalization processing
Broad Bean Seeds are put into 30 DEG C of clear water and soak 1h, make its water swelling；
It is then placed in after soaking 15min in 55 DEG C of 2.5% sodium chloride solution and pulls out；
The Broad Bean Seeds pulled out are put into Gibberellins solution the 20s that soaks seed, then handled 10 days under 0 DEG C of cryogenic conditions；
（4）, nursery
Prepare hole tray and be put into seedling medium, by step（3）Seed after middle vernalization treatment is sown into hole tray, per 1, cave, is sown into
Earthing 1cm, the uniform water spray of drip irrigation extremely moistening, and cover one layer of mulch film on soil layer afterwards, when broad bean is emerged, rupture of membranes puts seedling, works as plant
The young stem of strain reaches 6cm, soft, when the fibrous root of white is carried on main root, obtains seedling, prepares to transplant；
（5）, transplant
It is that 40cm, line-spacing are 80cm by step according to spacing in the rows（4）Seedling replanting to planting crop field；
（6）, field management
Intertillage in 10 days is loosened the soil after transplanting, and intertillage depth is 17cm, is once poured water every 5 days after intertillage, and coordinate application one
Secondary organic fertilizer, consumption is every mu of 10kg；
Broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the mixed solution sprinkling of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln are handled；
The mixed solution sprinkling processing of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
（7）, harvesting.
Preferably, the step（1）In base fertilizer include following part count raw material：25 parts of urea, 21 parts of quick lime, chicken manure
2 parts of 17 parts, 13 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of molydbenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the step（1）The ratio of middle fertile soil and the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3：1.
Wherein, the step（3）The concentration of middle Gibberellins solution is 40ppm.
Wherein, the step（6）In organic fertilizer include following part count raw material：36 parts of plant ash, modified 33 parts of ooze,
30 parts of medical stone, 28 parts of flyash, 20 parts of alginic acid, 20 parts of bamboo charcoal, 18 parts of pine bark, 15 parts of chilli powder, 12 parts of soya-bean cake, phosphorus ore
1 part of 8 parts of powder, 5 parts of peanut shell, 5 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of urease inhibitor and leaf mould.
Wherein, the preparation method of the modified ooze is：Ooze is put into heating tank, adds water and is tuned into pasty state in right amount, and
Heated under the conditions of 30 DEG C and refrigerate 20h under the conditions of 0 DEG C is put into after 40min, natural cooling, make its crystallize retrogradation, make hydrone from
Separate comes out in material, obtains solid-state ooze, and it is 4% to be then placed on low temperature drying to moisture content under 54 DEG C of environment, obtains described change
Property ooze.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pinching training：Plant bottom first flower blacks, and extraction black portions are seen small
The top heart is extractd during pod 1cm；Divide exactly branch without a head, empty branch and unnecessary branch, every plant keeps effective branch amount to be 9.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pest control：Every 20 days with 50% Aphox wettable powder after transplanting
2000 times of full fields of liquid are sprayed once.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, comprise the following steps：
（1）, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection high-land, the sandy loam that illumination is good, soil layer is thick, fertile loose and pH value is 7 are used as plantation crop field；
Site preparation：Deep ploughed 35cm, and soil is harrowed into thin, is sprinkled upon with being spread after fertile soil and stalk mixing of becoming thoroughly decomposed in soil, thickness is 10cm,
Again soil is irrigated with water；Then exposure 5 days, apply base fertilizer, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 200kg；According to a width of 60cm of furrow, furrow are high
For 40cm, ditch depth is 20cm standard bedding；
（2）, selection kind
Low light tolerance, winter resistance, disease-resistant, high yield Vicia Faba are selected, full pure, no disease and pests harm is selected, without the broad bean gone mouldy
Seed；
（3）, seed vernalization processing
Broad Bean Seeds are put into 35 DEG C of clear water and soak 2h, make its water swelling；
It is then placed in after soaking 30min in 60 DEG C of 2.5% sodium chloride solution and pulls out；
The Broad Bean Seeds pulled out are put into Gibberellins solution the 40s that soaks seed, then handled 15 days under 3 DEG C of cryogenic conditions；
（4）, nursery
Prepare hole tray and be put into seedling medium, by step（3）Seed after middle vernalization treatment is sown into hole tray, per 2, cave, is sown into
Earthing 2cm, the uniform water spray of drip irrigation extremely moistening, and cover one layer of mulch film on soil layer afterwards, when broad bean is emerged, rupture of membranes puts seedling, works as plant
The young stem of strain reaches 8cm, soft, when the fibrous root of white is carried on main root, obtains seedling, prepares to transplant；
（5）, transplant
It is that 50cm, line-spacing are 100cm by step according to spacing in the rows（4）Seedling replanting to planting crop field；
（6）, field management
Intertillage in 15 days is loosened the soil after transplanting, and intertillage depth is 19cm, is once poured water every 7 days after intertillage, and coordinate application one
Secondary organic fertilizer, consumption is every mu of 15kg；
Broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the mixed solution sprinkling of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln are handled；
The mixed solution sprinkling processing of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
（7）, harvesting.
Wherein, the step（1）In base fertilizer include following part count raw material：30 parts of urea, 23 parts of quick lime, chicken manure 19
Part, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12 parts of vinasse, 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of molydbenum fertilizer and 4 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the step（1）The ratio of middle fertile soil and the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 5：1.
Wherein, the step（3）The concentration of middle Gibberellins solution is 60ppm.
Wherein, the step（6）In organic fertilizer include following part count raw material：38 parts of plant ash, modified 35 parts of ooze,
31 parts of medical stone, 29 parts of flyash, 22 parts of alginic acid, 22 parts of bamboo charcoal, 19 parts of pine bark, 16 parts of chilli powder, 14 parts of soya-bean cake, phosphorus ore
2 parts of 10 parts of powder, 8 parts of peanut shell, 8 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of urease inhibitor and leaf mould.
Wherein, the preparation method of the modified ooze is：Ooze is put into heating tank, adds water and is tuned into pasty state in right amount, and
Heated under the conditions of 37 DEG C and refrigerate 24h under the conditions of 2 DEG C are put into after 50min, natural cooling, make its crystallize retrogradation, make hydrone from
Separate comes out in material, obtains solid-state ooze, and it is 6% to be then placed on low temperature drying to moisture content under 55 DEG C of environment, obtains described change
Property ooze.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pinching training：Plant bottom first flower blacks, and extraction black portions are seen small
The top heart is extractd during pod 2cm；Divide exactly branch without a head, empty branch and unnecessary branch, every plant keeps effective branch amount to be 16.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pest control：Every 30 days with 50% Aphox wettable powder after transplanting
3000 times of full fields of liquid are sprayed once.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean, comprise the following steps：
（1）, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection high-land, the sandy loam that illumination is good, soil layer is thick, fertile loose and pH value is 6.5 are used as plantation crop field；
Site preparation：Deep ploughed 33cm, and soil is harrowed into thin, is sprinkled upon with being spread after fertile soil and stalk mixing of becoming thoroughly decomposed in soil, thickness is 7cm,
Again soil is irrigated with water；Then exposure 4 days, apply base fertilizer, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 150kg；According to a width of 55cm of furrow, furrow are high
For 35cm, ditch depth is 17cm standard bedding；
（2）, selection kind
Low light tolerance, winter resistance, disease-resistant, high yield Vicia Faba are selected, full pure, no disease and pests harm is selected, without the broad bean gone mouldy
Seed；
（3）, seed vernalization processing
Broad Bean Seeds are put into 32 DEG C of clear water and soak 1.5h, make its water swelling；
It is then placed in after soaking 20min in 58 DEG C of 2.5% sodium chloride solution and pulls out；
The Broad Bean Seeds pulled out are put into Gibberellins solution the 30s that soaks seed, then handled 12 days under 2 DEG C of cryogenic conditions；
（4）, nursery
Prepare hole tray and be put into seedling medium, by step（3）Seed after middle vernalization treatment is sown into hole tray, per 1, cave, is sown into
Earthing 1cm, the uniform water spray of drip irrigation extremely moistening, and cover one layer of mulch film on soil layer afterwards, when broad bean is emerged, rupture of membranes puts seedling, works as plant
The young stem of strain reaches 7cm, soft, when the fibrous root of white is carried on main root, obtains seedling, prepares to transplant；
（5）, transplant
It is that 45cm, line-spacing are 90cm by step according to spacing in the rows（4）Seedling replanting to planting crop field；
（6）, field management
Intertillage in 13 days is loosened the soil after transplanting, and intertillage depth is 18cm, is once poured water every 6 days after intertillage, and coordinate application one
Secondary organic fertilizer, consumption is every mu of 13kg；
Broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the mixed solution sprinkling of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln are handled；
The mixed solution sprinkling processing of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
（7）, harvesting.
Wherein, the step（1）In base fertilizer include following part count raw material：27 parts of urea, 22 parts of quick lime, chicken manure 18
Part, 14 parts of calcium superphosphate, 11 parts of vinasse, 8.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 5.5 parts of molydbenum fertilizer and 3 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the step（1）The ratio of middle fertile soil and the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 4：1.
Wherein, the step（3）The concentration of middle Gibberellins solution is 50ppm.
Wherein, the step（6）In organic fertilizer include following part count raw material：37 parts of plant ash, modified 34 parts of ooze,
30.5 parts of medical stone, 28.5 parts of flyash, 21 parts of alginic acid, 21 parts of bamboo charcoal, 18.5 parts of pine bark, 15.5 parts of chilli powder, soya-bean cake
1.5 parts of 13 parts, 9 parts of ground phosphate rock, 6.5 parts of peanut shell, 6.5 parts of bone meal, 3.5 parts of urease inhibitor and leaf mould.
Wherein, the preparation method of the modified ooze is：Ooze is put into heating tank, adds water and is tuned into pasty state in right amount, and
Heated under the conditions of 33 DEG C and refrigerate 22h under the conditions of 1 DEG C is put into after 45min, natural cooling, make its crystallize retrogradation, make hydrone from
Separate comes out in material, obtains solid-state ooze, and it is 5% to be then placed on low temperature drying to moisture content under 54 DEG C of environment, obtains described change
Property ooze.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pinching training：Plant bottom first flower blacks, and extraction black portions are seen small
The top heart is extractd during pod 1cm；Divide exactly branch without a head, empty branch and unnecessary branch, every plant keeps effective branch amount to be 12.
Wherein, the step（6）In also include pest control：Every 25 days with 50% Aphox wettable powder after transplanting
2500 times of full fields of liquid are sprayed once.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part technical characteristic is equally replaced
Change.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (8)
1. the high yield ecological implantation methods of a kind of broad bean, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）, selection of land site preparation
Selection of land：Selection high-land, the sandy loam that illumination is good, soil layer is thick, fertile loose and pH value is 6~7 are used as plantation crop field；
Site preparation：Deep ploughed 30 ~ 35cm, and soil is harrowed into thin, is sprinkled upon with being spread after fertile soil and stalk mixing of becoming thoroughly decomposed in soil, thickness is 5
~10cm, then irrigate soil with water；Then exposure 3~5 days, apply base fertilizer, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 100 ~ 200kg；According to
A width of 50~the 60cm of furrow, a height of 30~40cm of furrow, ditch depth are 15~20cm standard bedding；
（2）, selection kind
Low light tolerance, winter resistance, disease-resistant, high yield Vicia Faba are selected, full pure, no disease and pests harm is selected, without the broad bean gone mouldy
Seed；
（3）, seed vernalization processing
Broad Bean Seeds are put into 1 ~ 2h of immersion in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of clear water, make its water swelling；
It is then placed in after soaking 15 ~ 30min in 55 ~ 60 DEG C of 2.5% sodium chloride solution and pulls out；
The Broad Bean Seeds pulled out are put into 20 ~ 40s of seed soaking in Gibberellins solution, 10 ~ 15 are then handled under 0 ~ 3 DEG C of cryogenic conditions
My god；
（4）, nursery
Prepare hole tray and be put into seedling medium, by step（3）Seed after middle vernalization treatment is sown into hole tray, per 1 ~ 2, cave, is broadcast
Enter rear 1 ~ 2cm of earthing, uniformly water spray covers one layer of mulch film to drip irrigation to moistening, and on soil layer, and when broad bean is emerged, rupture of membranes puts seedling,
It is soft when the young stem of plant is up to 6 ~ 8cm, when on main root with white fibrous root, seedling is obtained, prepares to transplant；
（5）, transplant
It is that 40~50cm, line-spacing are 80~100cm by step according to spacing in the rows（4）Seedling replanting to planting crop field；
（6）, field management
Intertillage in 10 ~ 15 days is loosened the soil after transplanting, and intertillage depth is 17~19cm, is once poured water every 5 ~ 7 days after intertillage, and match somebody with somebody
Close and apply an organic fertilizer, consumption is every mu of 10~15kg；
Broad bean initial bloom stage gibberellin, ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, the mixed solution sprinkling of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax soln are handled；
The mixed solution sprinkling processing of full-bloom stage ammonium molybdate, borax soln and potassium dihydrogen phosphate；
（7）, harvesting.
2. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In bottom
The raw material that fertilizer is counted including following part：25 ~ 30 parts of urea, 21 ~ 23 parts of quick lime, 17 ~ 19 parts of chicken manure, 13 ~ 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, wine
2 ~ 4 parts of 10 ~ 12 parts of grain, 8 ~ 9 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 ~ 6 parts of molydbenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer.
3. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）Middle humic
The ratio of soil and the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3 ~ 5：1.
4. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（3）In it is red mould
The concentration of plain solution is 40 ~ 60ppm.
5. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（6）In have
The raw material that machine fertilizer is counted including following part：36 ~ 38 parts of plant ash, modified 33 ~ 35 parts of ooze, 30 ~ 31 parts of medical stone, flyash 28 ~
29 parts, 20 ~ 22 parts of alginic acid, 20 ~ 22 parts of bamboo charcoal, 18 ~ 19 parts of pine bark, 15 ~ 16 parts of chilli powder, 12 ~ 14 parts of soya-bean cake, ground phosphate rock
1 ~ 2 part of 8 ~ 10 parts, 5 ~ 8 parts of peanut shell, 5 ~ 8 parts of bone meal, 3 ~ 4 parts of urease inhibitor and leaf mould.
6. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the preparation of the modified ooze
Method is：Ooze is put into heating tank, adds water and is tuned into pasty state in right amount, and 40 ~ 50min is heated under the conditions of 30 ~ 37 DEG C, it is natural
20 ~ 24h is refrigerated under the conditions of 0 ~ 2 DEG C is put into after cooling, it is crystallized retrogradation, comes out hydrone separate from material, obtain solid-state
Ooze, it is 4 ~ 6% to be then placed on low temperature drying to moisture content under 54 ~ 55 DEG C of environment, obtains the modified ooze.
7. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（6）In also wrap
Include training of pinching：Plant bottom first flower blacks, and extracts out when black portions see small 1 ~ 2cm of pod and extracts the top heart；Divide exactly branch without a head, sky
Branch and unnecessary branch, every plant keeps effective branch amount to be 9 ~ 16.
8. the high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（6）In also wrap
Include pest control：Sprayed once with 50% Aphox wettable powder, 2000~3000 times of full fields of liquid every 20 ~ 30 days after transplanting.
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| CN107637248A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-30 | 桐梓县小水芦柑专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of broad bean |
| CN108094106A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-06-01 | 霍邱县范圩蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of broad bean |
| CN108184593A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 临夏回族自治州农业科学院 | The strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in a kind of Spring broad bean density |
| CN108293793A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-07-20 | 海门市金黄农产品有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of broad bean |
| CN108496459A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-07 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method |
| CN108887128A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-27 | 和县绿缘温室科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield and high quality pea |
| CN108901733A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-30 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of semen viciae fabae set corn high-yield cultivation method |
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