CN108184593A - The strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in a kind of Spring broad bean density - Google Patents
The strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in a kind of Spring broad bean density Download PDFInfo
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- A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23L3/3445—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Spring broad bean density, adjust the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：Site preparation：Non- continuous cropping and first crop is selected not to plant the plot of legume, is deep ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest；Fertilising：Phosphorus depth is applied as 8 12cm；Sowing：First bask seeds 1d 2d before sowing, then carries out Dressing, then covers kind of a 2h；Ditch ditch is drawn to broadcast using machinery or animal power, wide-and narrow-row is alternately planted, every bunch planting seed 2,10 12cm of seed level, 13000 plants/667m of thickness of sowing2, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation is carried out after broadcasting in time, prevents seed exposed；Field management：It fills the gaps with seedlings, pour water, tillage and weeding, pinching are pinching, pest and disease damage and its prevention；Harvest；Warehousing：After broad bean harvest, using aluminum phosphide fumigation.The present invention applies phosphorus depth, planting density, increases hill spacing and stays seedling mode by control, considerably increases the yield of Spring broad bean；By effective prevention to the root rot in broad bean planting process and warehousing bean weevil, the yield and quality of Spring broad bean is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Spring broad bean planting technology field more particularly to a kind of Spring broad bean density, adjust the strong root high-yield culturing of soil
Method.
Background technology
Broad bean is the crop of cultivated area maximum in China or even world's Food Legume, and grain, vegetables, feed and industry
Raw material is, full of nutrition, rich starch, low fat, high protein, containing multivitamin and minerals, containing needed by human
A variety of amino acid are a kind of plant protein resources for the important high-quality health for being only second to soybean.Broad bean is processed into numerous food,
It is good protein and energy supply raw material, following prospect is very good.
In recent years, there is falling tendency in broad bean cultivated area, and traditional farming technique and extensive management lead to its yield
And quality decline, meanwhile, root rot easily occurs in broad bean planting process, increases the death rate of plant, this two big factor is led
The kind beans enthusiasm of peasant is caused seriously to baffle.The study found that increase key factor the carrying in planting density of modern grain yield
High rather than single plant yield increase.The present invention proves that broad bean production is group's mistake from this viewpoint, by experiment
Journey, density are to influence the key factor of yield, and under low-density, though can increase single plant yield, group's benefit is relatively low, appropriate to increase
It is close, group's economic benefit can be improved, is the important channel for obtaining high yield.In addition, soil compaction be broad bean growth stress because
One of element, soil compaction can reduce Soil Microorganism activity and rhizobium nitrogenase activity, directly affect plant strain growth, significantly drop
Low yield of broad bean.Simultaneously under the conditions of soil compaction, root rot is aggravated, the plant death rate is higher.Soil density is reduced, it is right
Yield of broad bean is improved, root rot incidence is reduced and has very important significance.
At present, it for the implantation methods of Spring broad bean, and has no through density, the measure of the strong root of soil is adjusted to mitigate plant root rot
Generation, increase the report of the yield of Spring broad bean, in addition, for the Spring broad bean after harvest, current technology does not all do it
It is further processed, but direct warehousing, easily cause the harm of warehousing bean weevil after warehousing, lead to Spring broad bean quality decline.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Spring broad bean density, the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted, this method is using increasing
Close, measure that is adjusting the strong root of soil mitigates the generation of plant root rot, solve in above-mentioned background technology existing Spring broad bean farming technique and
Extensive management causes its yield and quality to decline, meanwhile, root rot easily occurs in broad bean planting process, increases plant
The death rate influences its yield, in addition for the Spring broad bean after harvest, carries out direct warehousing, easily causes warehousing bean weevil after warehousing
The problem of endangering, leading to Spring broad bean quality decline.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of Spring broad bean density, the strong root high yield cultivating method of tune soil, this method includes following
Step：
(1) site preparation：Non- continuous cropping and first crop is selected not to plant the plot of legume, is deep ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest
25-30cm applies organic fertilizer 2000kg-3000kg/667m with reference to site preparation2Base manure is made, harrows a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation before and after the Autumnal Equinox in time, it is smooth
Earth's surface；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Fertilizer selects phosphate fertilizer, and using ditch spread, fertilization time is consistent with the sowing time, fertilization depth 8-
12cm applies calcium superphosphate 40kg/667m2Or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg/667m2；
(3) it sows：The Spring broad bean seed for selecting resistance strong, the sowing in time after late Febuary-early March thaws are preferably early
It is unsuitable slow；First bask seeds 1d-2d prior to seeding, then presses seed matter with 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 60% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate
The 0.5% of amount carries out Dressing, then covers kind of a 2h；
Ditch ditch is drawn to broadcast using machinery or animal power, wide-and narrow-row is alternately planted, wide row 50-70cm, narrow row 15-25cm, per bunch planting
Seed 2, seed level 10-12cm, hill spacing doubles on the basis of simple grain 12.8cm, as 25.6cm, and 13000 plants of thickness of sowing/
667m2, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation is carried out after broadcasting in time, prevents seed exposed；
(4) field management：
It fills the gaps with seedlings：Seeding stage pays attention to field observation, and discovery is short of seedling, sick seedling is broken, and ridge will transplant in time fills the gaps with seedlings；
It pours water：It pours water 3 times, seedling stage fills for the first time, second of early flowering season, and whole florescence or drum pod phase fill third time, fill every time
The amount of irrigating is 50m3/667m2；
Tillage and weeding：Seedling stage, branching stage carry out tillage and weeding in time, prevent plot nutrition leak, it is ensured that effective bud point
Change；
Pinching is pinching：Timely pinching is pinching when broad bean major branch reaches 9-10 layers of colored pod, controls plant excessive growth；
Pest and disease damage and its prevention：
A. the prevention of bean aphid：The field flower pod phase determines 1500 times of liquid of worm amidine missible oil, 4.5% effective cypermethrin with 5%
1500 times of missible oil liquid alternating foliage-spray 2 times -3 times；
B. the prevention of broad bean brown spot and red spot：Spend pod phase 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid in field
Uniform foliar spray sprayed 1 time every 7 days, sprayed altogether 3 times；
C. the prevention of broad bean weevil：Field opposes 1000 times of liquid of missible oil using 20% wooden dipper first, and blade face spray is carried out in broad bean initial bloom stage
Mist is prevented, and is sprayed per acre by 30kg liquid volumes, was sprayed 1 time, spray altogether 3 times every 7 days；
(5) it harvests：It gathers in, bundle in time when the beanpod browning of more than 80% broad bean, after beanpod whole browning, dry in the air
It shines, threshing；
(6) warehousing：After broad bean harvest, using aluminum phosphide fumigation, 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are used per 50kg Spring broad beans,
Specifically, 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are wrapped with the small cloth of 10 × 10cm, fasten a line, then on cloth after wrapping
The Spring broad bean center of 50kg is placed it in, per 50kg Spring broad beans are wrapped with woven bag, mouth tightens, tiles or is deposited in silo
Between after covered with plastics, the edges of plastics is compressed with anti-gas-leak, after fumigating, takes out the beanbag of packet aluminum phosphide tablet.
Preferably, the fertilization depth is 9-10cm.
Preferably, the wide-and narrow-row is alternately planted, wide row 55-65cm, narrow row 15-20cm.
Preferably, the pinching is pinching should select fine day to carry out, and extract stem top 1-2cm, collateral generation is vigorous, plant height
During more than major branch, it is pinching also to carry out pinching.
Preferably, the fumigation time is 5-7 days.
Compared with the prior art the shortcomings that and deficiency, the invention has the advantages that：The present invention is reasonable by setting
Apply phosphorus depth, planting density, increase hill spacing and stay seedling mode, considerably increase the yield of Spring broad bean；To broad bean planting process
In root rot carried out effective prevention, reduce the death rate of plant；In addition for the Spring broad bean after harvest, in warehousing into
Row aluminum phosphide fumigation reduces the harm of warehousing bean weevil, further improves the quality of Spring broad bean.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Test period is in March, 2013 in August, -2016, and test site is Zeng Jia villages of Linxia County Bei Yuan townshiies, Linxia County area
Ditch township Ga Bashancun, Linxia state Hezheng County buyer market town democracy village, experimental plot are altogether three, respectively the first experimental plot, experiment
Area is 4 mu, and test period is in March, 2013 in August, -2016；Second experimental plot, test area are 4 mu, and test period is
In March, 2014 in August, -2016；Third experimental plot, test area are 4 mu, and test period is in March, 2014 in August, -2016；Three
A experimental plot divides identical equal portions and is tested every year, the experimental plot for planting broad bean in last year is avoided to repeat to plant, examination
In testing unless otherwise instructed, it is as follows specifically to be tested using identical test method for process：
(1) site preparation：Non- continuous cropping and first crop is selected not to plant the plot of legume, is deep ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest
25-30cm applies organic fertilizer 2000kg-3000kg/667m with reference to site preparation2Base manure is made, harrows a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation before and after the Autumnal Equinox in time, it is smooth
Earth's surface；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Fertilizer selects phosphate fertilizer, and using ditch spread, fertilization time is consistent with the sowing time, to the first experimental plot and the
Third experimental plot is divided into three regions by two experimental plot fertilization depths selection 8-12cm, fertilization depth select respectively 4-6cm,
8-12cm, 15-18cm, depth of planting 10-12cm apply calcium superphosphate 40kg/667m2Or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg/667m2；
(3) it sows：The Spring broad bean seed for selecting resistance strong, the sowing in time after late Febuary-early March thaws are preferably early
It is unsuitable slow；First bask seeds 1d~2d prior to seeding, then presses seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 60% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate
The 0.5% of quality carries out Dressing, then covers kind of a 2h；
Ditch ditch is drawn to broadcast using machinery or animal power, wide-and narrow-row is alternately planted, wide row 50-70cm, narrow row 15-25cm, per bunch planting
Seed 2, hill spacing doubles on the basis of simple grain 12.8cm, as 25.6cm；First experimental plot is divided into three test areas,
Thickness of sowing is selected respectively as 12000 plants/667m2, 13000 plants/667m2, 14000 plants/667m2, by the second experimental plot and third
The thickness of sowing in experimental plot is set as 13000 plants/667m2, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation is carried out after broadcasting in time, prevents seed exposed；
(4) field management：
Stay seedling：Experimental plot sets two kinds and stays seedling mode, and the first experimental plot and third experimental plot stay seedling mode to be set as one
The double strain triangles in cave stay seedling, as stay two plants of seedling per cave, and two young plant spacing in the rows are less than 1.5cm in same cave, and every two Xingjian acupoint is away from use
Triangular planting；Second experimental plot is divided into 2 regions, selects that seedling mode is stayed to stay the double strains three of seedling and a cave for a cave single plant respectively
Seedling is stayed at angle, and it is that one plant of seedling is stayed per cave that a cave single plant, which stays seedling, and same density processing is identical per distance between rows and hills；
It fills the gaps with seedlings：Seeding stage pays attention to field observation, and discovery is short of seedling, sick seedling is broken, and ridge will transplant in time fills the gaps with seedlings；
It pours water：It pours water 3 times, seedling stage fills for the first time, second of early flowering season, and whole florescence or drum pod phase fill third time, fill every time
The amount of irrigating is 50m3/667m2；
Tillage and weeding：Seedling stage, branching stage carry out tillage and weeding in time, prevent plot nutrition leak, it is ensured that effective bud point
Change；
Pinching is pinching：Timely pinching is pinching when broad bean major branch reaches 9-10 layers of colored pod, controls plant excessive growth；Pinching is pinching
Fine day should be selected to carry out, extract stem top 1-2cm, collateral generation is vigorous, when plant height is more than major branch, also to carry out pinching and beat
Point.
Pest and disease damage and its prevention：
A. the prevention of bean aphid：The field flower pod phase determines 1500 times of liquid of worm amidine missible oil, 4.5% effective cypermethrin with 5%
1500 times of missible oil liquid alternating foliage-spray 2 times -3 times；
B. the prevention of broad bean brown spot and red spot：Spend pod phase 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid in field
Uniform foliar spray sprayed 1 time every 7 days, sprayed altogether 3 times；
C. the prevention of broad bean weevil：Field opposes 1000 times of liquid of missible oil using 20% wooden dipper first, and blade face spray is carried out in broad bean initial bloom stage
Mist is prevented, and is sprayed per acre by 30kg liquid volumes, was sprayed 1 time, spray altogether 3 times every 7 days；
(5) it harvests：It gathers in, bundle in time when the beanpod browning of more than 80% broad bean, after beanpod whole browning, dry in the air
It shines, threshing；
(6) warehousing：After broad bean harvest, using aluminum phosphide fumigation, 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are used per 50kg Spring broad beans,
Specifically, 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are wrapped with the small cloth of 10 × 10cm, fasten a line, then on cloth after wrapping
The Spring broad bean center of 50kg is placed it in, per 50kg Spring broad beans are wrapped with woven bag, mouth tightens, tiles or is deposited in silo
Between after covered with plastics, the edges of plastics is compressed with anti-gas-leak, and fumigation time is 5-7 days, after fumigating, taking-up packet aluminum phosphate
The beanbag of tablet.
Table 1 is the yield comparison of Spring broad bean under different tests factor in experimental plot：
- 2016 years 1 2013 years Spring broad bean plantation yield comparisons of table
As shown in Table 1, in the first experimental plot, in experiment in 2013, the double strains in one cave of seedling mode fertilization depth 8-12cm, are stayed
Triangle, planting density are 13000 plants/667m2Yield reaches 315.6kg/667m2, more same to fertilization depth, the same kind for staying seedling mode
Density in planting is respectively 12000 plants/667m2, 14000 plants/667m2Planting patterns increase production 19.2%, 15.1% respectively；2014
In year experiment, fertilization depth 8-12cm, to stay the double strain triangle in one cave of seedling mode, planting density be 13000 plants/667m2Yield reaches
305.8kg/667m2, more same fertilization depth with the planting density of seedling mode is stayed is respectively 12000 plants/667m2, 14000 plants/
667m2Planting patterns increase production 21.2%, 19.5% respectively；It promotes in experiment within -2016 years 2015, fertilization depth 8-12cm,
It is 13000 plants/667m to stay the double strain triangles in one cave of seedling mode, planting density2The more same fertilization depth of yield, the same plantation for staying seedling mode
Density is respectively 12000 plants/667m2, 14000 plants/667m2Planting patterns increase production 2015 respectively as 15.8%, 13.7%,
2016 are 14.8%, 13.4%；In second experimental plot, in experiment in 2014, fertilization depth 8-12cm, planting density
13000 plants/667m2The double strain triangles in a cave seedling planting patterns yield is stayed to reach 325.7kg/667m2, it is more same fertilization depth, of the same race
One cave single plant of density in planting stays seedling mode to increase production 17.1%；It promotes in experiment within -2016 years 2015, fertilization depth 8-12cm, kind
13000 plants/667m of density in planting2The double strain triangles in a cave stay the more same fertilization depth of seedling planting patterns yield, one with planting density
Cave single plant stays seedling mode 2015 and 2016 increase production 19.2% and 15.4% respectively；In third experimental plot, tested in 2014
In, 13000 plants/667m of planting density2, fertilization depth 8-12cm, the double strain triangles in a cave stay the implantation methods yield of seedling to reach
331.6kg/667m2, more same to planting density, same fertilization depth difference 4-6cm, 15-18cm volume increase 17.1% for staying seedling mode,
13.9%；It promotes in experiment within -2016 years 2015,13000 plants/667m of planting density2, fertilization depth 8-12cm, the double strains in a cave
Triangle stay seedling the more same planting density of implantation methods yield, with stay seedling mode fertilization depth distinguish 4-6cm, 15-18cm, 2015
Year increases production 18.3%, 15.2% respectively, increases production 17.9%, 16.1% respectively within 2016.
In summary, in the present invention, fertilization depth selection 8-12cm, planting density selects 13000 plants/667m2, stay seedling side
Formula is stayed for the double strain triangles in a cave under the planting patterns of seedling, and the yield of gained Spring broad bean greatly improves.
To further improve the yield of Spring broad bean, optimize above-mentioned planting patterns, fertilization depth is controlled in 9-10cm, ditch is broadcast
When carrying out wide-narrow row planting, wide row control is controlled in 55-65cm, narrow row in 15-20cm.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in a kind of Spring broad bean density, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) site preparation：Non- continuous cropping and first crop is selected not to plant the plot of legume, deep plough 25- in time after preceding crop harvest
30cm applies organic fertilizer 2000kg-3000kg/667m with reference to site preparation2Make base manure；A kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation is harrowed before and after the Autumnal Equinox in time, entirely
Table；
(2) it applies fertilizer：Fertilizer selects phosphate fertilizer, and using ditch spread, fertilization time is consistent with the sowing time, and fertilization depth 8-12cm is applied
Calcium superphosphate 40kg/667m2Or Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg/667m2；
(3) it sows：The Spring broad bean seed for selecting resistance strong, the sowing in time after late Febuary-early March thaws are preferably early unsuitable
Late；First bask seeds 1d-2d prior to seeding, then with 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 60% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate by seed quality
0.5% carries out Dressing, then cover kind of a 2h；
Ditch ditch is drawn to broadcast using machinery or animal power, wide-and narrow-row is alternately planted, wide row 50-70cm, narrow row 15-25cm, per bunch planting seed 2
Grain, seed level 10-12cm, hill spacing double on the basis of simple grain 12.8cm, as 25.6cm, 13000 plants/667m of thickness of sowing2, broadcast
It carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation in time afterwards, prevents seed exposed；
(4) field management：
It fills the gaps with seedlings：Seeding stage pays attention to field observation, and discovery is short of seedling, sick seedling is broken, and ridge will transplant in time fills the gaps with seedlings；
It pours water：It pours water 3 times, seedling stage fills for the first time, and second of early flowering season, whole florescence or drum pod phase fill third time, each irrigation volume
For 50m3/667m2；
Tillage and weeding：Seedling stage, branching stage carry out tillage and weeding in time, prevent plot nutrition leak, it is ensured that effective bud differentiation；
Pinching is pinching：Timely pinching is pinching when broad bean major branch reaches 9-10 layers of colored pod, controls plant excessive growth；
Pest and disease damage and its prevention：
A. the prevention of bean aphid：The field flower pod phase determines 1500 times of liquid of worm amidine missible oil, 4.5% Beta-cypermethrin EC with 5%
1500 times of liquid replace foliage-spray 2 times -3 times；
B. the prevention of broad bean brown spot and red spot：The field flower pod phase is uniform with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid
Foliar spray sprayed 1 time every 7 days, sprayed altogether 3 times；
C. the prevention of broad bean weevil：Field opposes 1000 times of liquid of missible oil using 20% wooden dipper first, and carrying out foliar spray in broad bean initial bloom stage prevents
It controls, sprays per acre by 30kg liquid volumes, sprayed 1 time, spray altogether 3 times every 7 days；
(5) it harvests：It gathers in, bundle in time when the beanpod browning of more than 80% broad bean, after beanpod whole browning, dry, take off
Grain；
(6) warehousing：After broad bean harvest, using aluminum phosphide fumigation, 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are used per 50kg Spring broad beans, specifically
For 0.1-0.5g aluminum phosphide tablets are wrapped with the small cloth of 10 × 10cm, a line are fastened after wrapping on cloth, then by it
The Spring broad bean center of 50kg is placed on, per 50kg Spring broad beans are wrapped with woven bag, mouth tightens, after tiling or being deposited in silo centre
It is covered with plastics, the edge of plastics is compressed with anti-gas-leak, after fumigating, takes out the beanbag of packet aluminum phosphide tablet.
2. the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in Spring broad bean density as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fertilising is deep
It spends for 9-10cm.
3. the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in Spring broad bean density as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the wide-and narrow-row
It alternately plants, wide row 55-65cm, narrow row 15-20cm.
4. the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in Spring broad bean density as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pinching is beaten
Point should select fine day to carry out, and extract stem top 1-2cm, and collateral generation is vigorous, when plant height is more than major branch, also to carry out pinching and beat
Point.
5. the strong root high yield cultivating method of soil is adjusted in such as claim 1-4 any one of them Spring broad beans density, which is characterized in that institute
It is 5-7 days to state fumigation time.
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Application publication date: 20180622 |