CN112262723A - Whole-course biological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of broad beans - Google Patents
Whole-course biological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of broad beans Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a broad bean disease and pest whole-course biological prevention and control method which comprises the steps of adopting biological prevention and control in a sowing period, an aphid generation period, a red spot disease generation period and a blight generation period. The invention adopts a whole-course biological prevention and control method, the prevention effects on underground pests, aphids, red spot, root rot and blight are all more than 70 percent, the prevention effects are equal to or higher than those of chemical pesticides, and the method is used as a green prevention and control method for organic agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop plant protection, and particularly discloses a whole-course biological prevention and control method for pests and diseases of spring-sowed broad beans.
Background
Broad beans are one of the earliest cultivated bean crops of human beings, more than 40 countries grow the broad beans in the world, more than 40 cultivated varieties are concentrated on the coasts of the black sea and the mediterranean sea, and the yield of the broad beans is the first world in 50 years of the century and is more than 30 hundred million kilograms in the year. Can be used as food for making cake and snack. When the bean is tender, the seeds are used as new vegetables or feed, the protein content of the seeds is 22.35 percent, the starch content of the seeds is 43 percent, the broad beans are important export-earning agricultural products, and the bean is also used for multiple purposes in a farming system, namely the rotation of bean crops and other crops is beneficial to increasing the nitrogen content in soil, and the bean is an economic income-increasing crop.
There are 30 villages in mutually-aided county, civil and county, union county, 10 zhong county, datong county, 10 Source county, Ledu county, Ann county, Hualong county and Huahua county in the main broad bean planting areas in Qinghai province in China, but chemical pesticides are used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests for a long time in most areas for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, the field prevention effect is low, the pesticide residue exceeds the standard, and the quality and quality of the broad beans are seriously influenced. In the past, irreversible pollution is caused to the land and the environment, so that a method which is completely biologically prevented and controlled and is effective is urgently needed to replace the original method with higher pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a broad bean disease and pest whole-process biological prevention and control method, which takes a broad bean cultivation management period as a main line and carries out whole-process biological pesticide prevention and control aiming at main broad bean disease, pest and weed types and key prevention and control nodes, thereby realizing safe and efficient broad bean disease and pest prevention and control and solving the problems of pesticide residue and environmental pollution.
The invention provides a whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: seed dressing is carried out on the biological pesticide and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer after the seeds are mixed from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, and then seeding is carried out;
the biological pesticide is one of metarhizium anisopliae WP, pyrethrin EC with the mass fraction of 5%, berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% and bacillus subtilis WP;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6-month middle ten days, diluting veratrine SL with the mass fraction of 0.5% by 400 times or diluting matrine AS with the mass fraction of 0.3% by 400 times to carry out leaf surface spraying for preventing and treating aphids for 1-2 times, or alternately using the veratrine SL and the matrine AS;
s3, red spot occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% by 800 times or bacillus subtilis WP by 500 times, and carrying out foliar spraying to prevent and treat the red spot of the broad beans for 1-2 times, or alternately using the berberine WP and the bacillus subtilis WP;
s4, blast disease development stage: in the first ten days of 7 months, the broad bean wilt is prevented and controlled by foliar spraying for 1-2 times by diluting Trichoderma harzianum WP by 600 times or diluting Paenibacillus polymyxa WP by 600 times, or the two are alternately used.
Preferably, in S1, the seed dressing dosage ratio of the biological pesticide, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer and the broad bean seeds is 10-12g, 6.7-7mL and 1000 g.
Preferably, in S2, the dosage of each biopesticide in the aphid development stage is: veratrine SL 400-fold diluent 35-40 g/mu, matrine AS 400-fold diluent 35-40 g/mu.
Preferably, in S3, the dosage of each pesticide in the red spot disease occurrence period is as follows: berberine WP 800 times of diluent 18-22 g/mu, and Bacillus subtilis WP 500 times of diluent 25-35 g/mu.
Preferably, in S4, the dosage of each pesticide in the wilt disease occurrence period is as follows: 20-30 g/mu of Trichoderma harzianum WP 600-time diluent and 20-30 g/mu of Paenibacillus polymyxa WP 600-time diluent.
Preferably, in S1, the trace-element water-soluble fertilizer is humic acid and earthworm protein.
Preferably, in S1-S3, the Metarrhizium anisopliae is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g, and the bacillus subtilis contains 1000 hundred million spores/g.
Preferably, in S4, the Trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the broad bean disease and insect pest whole-course biological prevention and control method adopted by the invention has the prevention effects on underground pests, aphids, red spot, root rot and blight of more than 70 percent, and the prevention effects are equal to or higher than those of chemical pesticides. The integral characteristics are as follows: safe, efficient, economical and standardized.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Preliminarily determines the feasibility of whole-course biological prevention and control
Disease and pest species investigation of broad bean field in Qinghai province
The method comprises the following steps of surveying the types of diseases and insect pests of main broad bean planting areas of Qinghai province, specifically surveying 30 villages of Bighe county, Minhe county, CoHe county, Zhongzhong county, Datong county, Wenyuan county, Youdou county, Pingan county, Hualong county and Sudoku county and test bases of agricultural academy of Qinghai province in the main broad bean planting areas of Qinghai province, wherein the survey areas cover the main ecological areas (Chuan water, shallow mountains and brain mountains) for planting broad beans of Qinghai province, and the survey results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 survey type statistics table for broad bean field diseases in Qinghai province
TABLE 2 survey type statistics table for broad bean field insect pests in Qinghai province
As shown in tables 1 and 2, the investigation results show that the main pests and diseases of broad beans in Qinghai province include 15 kinds of diseases and pests, such as ring spot, virus diseases, red spot, root rot, alternaria leaf spot, turnip, thrips, lygus bugs, lepidoptera larvae, aphids, leaf miners, rhizobia and stem borer; the average plant pest ratio of main pests is 0.35% of turnip, 12.06% of thrips, 1.26% of lygus bugs, 0.32% of lepidoptera larvae, 6.23% of aphids, 3.32% of leaf miner larvae and 0.94 head/m of grubs20.36% of cutworm, the average incidence and severity of the main diseases are ring spot (1.87%, 0.35%), viral diseases (2.9%), erythematous diseases (27.55%, 10.77%), alternaria leaf spot (15%,6.45), defoliation (12.75%), smooth erythema on the back of the leaf (12%), rust (6.03%, 0.65).
Secondly, research on control effect of biological pesticide on plant diseases and insect pests
(1) Effect of biopesticide seed treatment on safety of emergence of broad beans
The common disease insect pests in the broad bean field of Qinghai province comprise aphids, grubs, red spot, blight and the like, and the Homeochun 5 (Metarrhizium anisopliae and the like are more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g) WP, Bacillus thuringiensis WP, 5% pyrethrin EC, 10% berberine WP, Bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP, Paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP and trace element water-soluble fertilizer are selected as candidate medicaments; 50% carbendazim WP as a control chemical; the clear water treatment is a blank control, and a seed treatment experiment of biological pesticide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out in a test field of a farm hospital. After 41 days of sowing, the emergence rate and the seedling condition were investigated to evaluate the safety and control effect, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of biopesticide seed treatment on safety of emergence of broad beans
Firstly, the row length is 3 m; calculating the emergence rate according to the seeding base number, and seeding 20 seeds in each row (3 m); the broad bean is of Qinghai No. 14; the plant spacing is 15cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm; seeding rate: 17.0kg seeds/mu; repeating the treatment for 3 times, wherein 36 cells are obtained in total, and the area of each cell is 20 square meters; the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates; the treatment 1 to 4 is an underground pest control experiment; the treatment 5-7 is a broad bean red spot prevention and control experiment; treating 8-11 to obtain a broad bean wilt prevention and control experiment; treatment 12 was a clear water control. Randomly taking 5 rows from each cell for investigation and statistics; the different lower case representations after the same column of data differed significantly at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 3, each treatment had no significant effect on the emergence of broad bean seeds, the growth vigor of the seedlings was good, and there was no significant phytotoxicity. The clear water control group CK has the emergence rate of 86.67%, the emergence rates of 5 (berberine and WP plus trace element water-soluble fertilizer) and 11 (5% pyrethrin EC) are respectively 61.00% and 69.00%, and are obviously lower than those of the control group, and the reason is probably that the emergence rate is reduced due to the fact that the covering soil is too thin in the sowing process. The emergence rates of the rest treatments and the control group have no significant difference; the plant height of the CK of the clear water control group is 13.93cm, and the plant heights of the CK of the treatment group and the CK of the control group are not obviously different. The biological medicament seed dressing has no phytotoxicity on the growth and development of the broad beans which emerge.
(2) Biopesticide for seed dressing to control red spot disease of broad bean
The occurrence of red spot disease in seed dressing treatment 5 (10% berberine WP + trace element water soluble fertilizer), 6 (bacillus subtilis WP + trace element water soluble fertilizer) and 7 (50% carbendazim WP) and a clear water control area was studied in 2019, 7 months and 6 days, and the results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 biopesticide seed dressing for preventing and treating red spot disease of broad bean
As can be seen from Table 4, the disease index of the red spot disease in each treatment area is obviously lower than that of the control group, wherein the control effect on the red spot disease by the berberine seed dressing treatment is 24.07 percent, the control effect on the red spot disease by the bacillus subtilis seed dressing treatment is 31.48 percent, and the control effect on the red spot disease by the carbendazim seed dressing treatment is 27.77 percent.
(3) Research on control efficacy of biological pesticide on aphids
Biological agents of 0.5% veratrine SL, 0.3% matrine AS, 0.3% toosendanin SL and 0.4% osthole SL are diluted by 400 times for test, the control effect on bean aphids is investigated, and the results are shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 pesticide effect test of biopesticides on aphid control
As can be seen from Table 5, the control effect of 4 biological agents on aphids is very significant. 4 biological pesticides of 0.5% veratrine SL, 0.3% matrine AS, 0.3% toosendanin SL and 0.4% osthole SL have good control effect on aphis fabae.
(4) Biopesticide control research on broad bean wilt
Bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, 10% berberine WP and Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP are selected as treatment groups, clear water treatment is used as a control group, and the control effect is shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 efficacy test of biopesticides for controlling blight
As can be seen from Table 6, the foliar spray can prevent and treat the blight of the broad beans, the control effect of the bacillus subtilis is 67.27%, the control effect of the berberine is 71.27% and the control effect of the trichoderma harzianum is 68.02% after 7 days of pesticide spraying, and the control effects have no significant difference among the treatments; the control effect of the bacillus subtilis is 84.52 percent, the control effect of the berberine is 87.11 percent and the control effect of the trichoderma harzianum is 86.01 percent after the bacillus subtilis is sprayed for 14 days, and the control effects have no significant difference among the treatments. Therefore, the WP of bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram), the WP of 10 percent berberine and the WP 3 biological pesticides of trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/gram) have good control effect on the blight of the broad beans.
(5) Biopesticide for controlling red spot disease of broad bean
The results of using 10% berberine WP, Bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) WP and the mixture of the two as the treatment group and using clear water as the control group are shown in Table 7:
TABLE 7 efficacy test of biopesticides on prevention and treatment of red blotch
As can be seen from Table 7, the foliar spray for preventing and treating the red spot disease of the broad beans has the control effects of 54.59 percent of bacillus subtilis, 52.97 percent of berberine and 55.90 percent of berberine mixed after 7 days of spraying, and the control effects have no significant difference among the treatments; the control effect of the bacillus subtilis is 77.52 percent, the control effect of the berberine is 74.99 percent and the mixed control effect of the bacillus subtilis and the berberine is 75.98 percent after 14 days of pesticide spraying, and the control effects have no significant difference among the treatments. Therefore, the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) WP and the berberine WP with the concentration of 10 percent and the mixture of the bacillus subtilis WP and the berberine WP have good control effect on the red spot disease of the broad beans.
The data show that the biological medicament effectively controls the occurrence and growth of aphids, red spot and blight; the yield of the biological agent treatment is slightly higher than that of other treatments, so that the whole course of using biological pesticide to prevent and treat main diseases and insect pests in Qinghai province is feasible.
Example 2
A whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: seed dressing treatment is carried out by Metarrhizium anisopliae (more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g) WP and trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 10g to 6.7mL to 1000g from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6-month middle ten days, diluting veratrine SL with the mass fraction of 0.5% by 400 times, spraying the leaf surfaces of the plant to prevent and control aphids for 2 times, and applying 35g of the plant per mu each time;
s3, red spot occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% by 800 times, spraying the leaves to prevent and treat the red spot of the broad beans for 2 times, and applying 18g of berberine WP per mu of land each time;
s4, blast disease development stage: in the first ten days of 7 months, the broad bean wilt is prevented and controlled by foliar spraying by 600 times of WP dilution of trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/gram) for 2 times, and the application amount per mu of land is 20g each time.
Example 3
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: seed dressing treatment is carried out on 5 percent of pyrethrin EC and trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 10g to 6.8mL to 1000g from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6 middle ten days of the month, selecting matrine AS with the mass fraction of 0.3% to dilute 400 times, and spraying the foliage to prevent and control aphids for 2 times, wherein the application amount per mu of land is 35g each time;
s3, red spot occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting with bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP by 500 times, spraying on leaf surfaces to prevent and control red spot of broad beans for 2 times, wherein the application amount per mu of land is 25g each time;
s4, blast disease development stage: in the first ten days of 7 months, diluting by using Paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP 600 times, spraying on leaf surfaces to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 2 times, and applying 20g of the foliar fertilizer per mu each time.
Example 4
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: dressing treatment is carried out on berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% and trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 11g to 6.9mL to 1000g from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6-month middle ten days, diluting 400 times with 0.5% veratrine SL by mass percent to prevent and control aphids by spraying on leaf surfaces for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 35g, then diluting 400 times with 0.3% matrine AS by mass percent to prevent and control aphids by spraying on leaf surfaces for 1 time, and the application amount is 35 g;
s3, red spot occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% by 800 times, spraying the leaves for 1 time with the application amount of 18g, then diluting the berberine WP by 500 times with bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, spraying the leaves for 1 time with the application amount of 25g, and preventing and treating the red spot of the broad beans;
s4, blast disease development stage: in the first ten days of 7 months, firstly diluting Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP by 600 times, carrying out foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 20g, and then diluting the Trichoderma harzianum (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP by 600 times, carrying out the foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 20 g.
Example 5
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the veratrine SL is diluted by 400 times and applied in an amount of 37.5g per mu of land;
in S3, the berberine WP is diluted by 800 times and applied in an amount of 20g per mu of land;
in S4, the WP diluted 600 times by Trichoderma harzianum (. gtoreq.2 hundred million live spores/g) is applied in an amount of 25g per mu.
Example 6
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 5, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the veratrine SL is diluted by 400 times and applied in an amount of 40g per mu of land;
in S3, the berberine WP is diluted by 800 times and applied in an amount of 22g per mu of land;
in S4, the WP diluted 600 times by Trichoderma harzianum (. gtoreq.2 hundred million live spores/g) is applied at 30g per mu.
Example 7
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 3, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the matrine AS is diluted by 400 times and applied in an amount of 37.5g per mu of land;
in S3, the WP of the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) is diluted by 500 times and the application amount per mu of land is 30 g;
in S4, the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP diluted 600 times is applied at 25g per mu.
Example 8
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 7, and is characterized in that:
in S2, the matrine AS is diluted by 400 times and applied in an amount of 40g per mu of land each time;
in S3, the WP of the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) is diluted by 500 times and the application amount per mu of land is 35 g;
in S4, the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP diluted 600 times is applied at 30g per mu.
Example 9
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 4, and is characterized in that:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, dressing seeds with the bacillus subtilis WP and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 12g to 7mL to 1000 g;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6-month middle ten days, diluting 400 times with veratrine SL with mass fraction of 0.5% for controlling aphids by foliage spraying for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 37.5g, then diluting 400 times with matrine AS with mass fraction of 0.3% for controlling aphids by foliage spraying for 1 time, and the application amount is 37.5 g;
s3, red spot occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% by 800 times, spraying the leaves for 1 time with the application amount of 20g, then diluting the berberine WP by 500 times with bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, spraying the leaves for 1 time with the application amount of 30g, and preventing and treating the red spot of the broad beans;
s4, blast disease development stage: in the first ten days of 7 months, firstly diluting Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP by 600 times, carrying out foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 25g, and then diluting the Trichoderma harzianum (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP by 600 times, carrying out the foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 25 g.
Example 10
A broad bean pest and disease damage whole-course biological prevention and control method is basically the same as the embodiment 9, and is characterized in that:
in S2, diluting veratrine SL by 400 times and spraying on leaf surface for 1 time to prevent and control aphids, wherein the application amount is 40g, diluting matrine AS by 400 times and spraying on leaf surface for 1 time to prevent and control aphids, and the application amount is 40 g;
in S3, diluting berberine WP by 800 times, spraying the berberine at 22g on the leaf surface for 1 time, diluting Bacillus subtilis WP by 500 times, spraying the Bacillus subtilis WP at 35g on the leaf surface for 1 time, and preventing and treating red spot of broad beans;
in S4, the Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP is diluted 600 times for foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, the application amount is 30g, and the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP is diluted 600 times for foliage spray to prevent and control the blight of the broad beans for 1 time, and the application amount is 30 g.
Using examples 2-4 as examples, examples 2-4 were compared to the clear water treated blank (CK) and to the effect on yield and quality of broad beans after application of chemical pesticides, 50% carbendazim WP (15+500) and 10% imidacloprid WP, and the results are given in Table 8.
TABLE 8 yield and quality of broad beans obtained by the Whole-course biocontrol methods of examples 2-4
As can be seen from Table 8, by the broad bean disease and pest control method, the yield of the broad beans is 4300kg/hm compared with the yield of the control group and the yield of the control group for conventional control of chemical pesticides2The yield of the chemical pesticide treatment group is 4500kg/hm2The constant of the biological prevention and control treatment group is 4800-2(ii) a The weight of 20 grains of the control group, the chemical pesticide treatment group and the biological prevention and control treatment group is respectively 16.68g, 17.05g and 17.58g-18.53 g; the pure grain rates of the control group, the chemical pesticide treatment group and the biological prevention and control treatment group are 93.75%, 95.00%, 95.80% and 96.35% respectively. The yield and the quality of the broad beans are improved by the whole-course biological pesticide treatment, and the yield is slightly higher than that of the control and the conventional control of chemical pesticides.
In the present application, WP, EC, SL, and AS are commonly used by those skilled in the art, and are abbreviated AS formulations, where WP represents a wettable powder, EC represents an emulsifiable solution, SL represents a soluble liquid, and AS represents a water aqua.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sowing time prevention and control: seed dressing is carried out on the biological pesticide and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer after the seeds are mixed from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, and then seeding is carried out;
the biological pesticide is one of metarhizium anisopliae WP, pyrethrin EC with the mass fraction of 5%, berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% and bacillus subtilis WP;
s2, prevention and control of aphid emergence stage: in 6-month middle ten days, diluting veratrine SL with the mass fraction of 0.5% by 400 times or diluting matrine AS with the mass fraction of 0.3% by 400 times to carry out leaf surface spraying for preventing and treating aphids for 1-2 times, or alternately using the veratrine SL and the matrine AS;
s3, preventing and controlling the red spot disease in the occurrence period: in late 6 months, diluting berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% by 800 times or bacillus subtilis WP by 500 times, and carrying out foliar spraying to prevent and treat the red spot of the broad beans for 1-2 times, or alternately using the berberine WP and the bacillus subtilis WP;
s4, prevention and control of the wilt disease in the emergence period: in the first ten days of 7 months, the broad bean wilt is prevented and controlled by foliar spraying for 1-2 times by diluting Trichoderma harzianum WP by 600 times or diluting Paenibacillus polymyxa WP by 600 times, or the two are alternately used.
2. The whole-process biological prevention and control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the seed dressing dosage ratio of the biological pesticide, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer and the broad bean seeds is 10-12g:6.7-7mL:1000 g.
3. The whole-process biological prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the dosage of each biopesticide in the aphid emergence stage is as follows: veratrine SL 400-fold diluent 35-40 g/mu, matrine AS 400-fold diluent 35-40 g/mu.
4. The global biological prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the dosages of pesticides in the red spot disease occurrence period are as follows: berberine WP 800 times of diluent 18-22 g/mu, and Bacillus subtilis WP 500 times of diluent 25-35 g/mu.
5. The global biological prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the dosages of each pesticide in the wilt disease occurrence period are as follows: 20-30 g/mu of Trichoderma harzianum WP 600-time diluent and 20-30 g/mu of Paenibacillus polymyxa WP 600-time diluent.
6. The global biocontrol method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, said water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements is humic acid and earthworm protein.
7. The global biocontrol method of claim 1, wherein in S1-S3 said Metarrhizium anisopliae is greater than or equal to 50 billion/g and said Bacillus subtilis contains 1000 billion spores/g.
8. The global biocontrol method of claim 1, wherein Trichoderma harzianum is 2 hundred million viable spores/g or more in S4.
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