CN108934845A - A kind of implantation methods of oat - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of oat Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934845A CN108934845A CN201810891790.5A CN201810891790A CN108934845A CN 108934845 A CN108934845 A CN 108934845A CN 201810891790 A CN201810891790 A CN 201810891790A CN 108934845 A CN108934845 A CN 108934845A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to planting technical field more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of oat, method includes the following steps: site preparation basal dressing, wheat seeds processing, are sowed, fertilising, monitoring management, field management；Oatplanting method of the present invention is simple, can effectively improve the yield and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of oat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical field more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of oat.
Background technique
Crops of the oat as transition silos, in plantation extensively all over the world, total output is in eight generalized grain crop of the world
In occupy the 5th.The trophic function of oat occupies first of eight big cereal, as people recognize intensification and demand increasing to oat food
Add, oat is expected after rice, wheat, develops into " third staple food grain ".In terms of nutritional point, oat is top quality cereal
Crop containing protein, fat, beta glucan, antioxidant content content and quality is all unique in seed.It is modern
Medicine and Nutritional studies show the dietary fiber being rich in oat grain, protein, fat, starch, polyphenoils, dimension
Raw element and minerals etc. have the multiple functions such as reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, weight-reducing, beauty to human body.Oat has become generally acknowledged battalion
One of feeding and highest cereal crops of value medical health care, are the higher integration of drinking and medicinal herbs crops of social awareness.
Shanxi Province's Main Cultivation naked oats, cultivated area increase steadily year by year.For a long time, avena unit's area output compared with
Low is the important restriction factor for restricting its scale, industrialized development.The yield of avena unit's area is improved, can guarantee to plant
Increase income in the case that area is constant.The raising of amount of oat yield and the improvement of quality are not only limited by itself hereditary capacity,
The external environmental conditions such as its moisture, soil, weather and fertilizer are also important restriction factor.The rational application of fertilizer is to be used to adjust in production
Save one of crop growth and the important measures of yield.
In various nutrients, nitrogen be influence Oat Growth development and the most sensitive factor of yield, and with phosphorus, potassium
Absorption there are substantial connections.Oat is a kind of crop that nitrogen requirement is relatively high, and general every production 100kg seed about needs
Absorbed nitrogen 3kg or so from soil is higher than general cereal crop.Due to the gradually exploitation of cereals nutrient healthcare function, in Shanxi
In the production of backlands area Oatplanting, in order to keep the promotion of yield, nitrogen fertilizer amount is in rising trend, although mentioning to a certain extent
High economic interests, but its utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is caused to decline, production environment is deteriorated, and quality deteriorates.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of oat, effectively improve the yield of oat
And utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of implantation methods of oat, comprising the following steps:
A, site preparation basal dressing: after preceding crop harvest, applying base manure 1500-3000kg/ mus, then carry out autumn deep ploughing,
Ploughing depth is 15-25cm, after deep ploughing, carries out rotary tillage, and rotary tillage depth is 8-10cm, finally puts down soil target；
B, wheat seeds are handled: wheat seeds being dried 3-4d under the sun, then mix wheat seeds and fungicide with mass ratio 500:1
Kind；
C, it sows: furrow sowing, the high 8cm in ridge being carried out using seeder, application rate is 9-10kg/ mus, depth of planting 5-
6cm, sowing line-spacing are 18-20cm, sown scope 6-8cm；
D, it applies fertilizer: being applied fertilizer using seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine, fertilization depth 9-10cm, recommended rate of fertilizer application are as follows: 4.8-
5.4kgN/ mus, 4-5kgP2O5/ mu, 3-4kgK2O/ mus；
E, monitoring management: wheat seeds after planting measure blade using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter in every 5 days after the jointing stage
SPAD value randomly selects 40 plants of oats, and measurement topmost is fully deployed leaf central part, and the testing time is fine day 11:00-13:00:
Stage in jointing stage to florescence carries out 50-60kg/ mus of foliage-spray top dressing if SPAD value is lower than 42；
Florescence was to 20 days after spending, if SPAD value is lower than 40, carried out 50-60kg/ mu of foliage-spray top dressing, top dressing into
Row 1 time, spraying time in the morning or at dusk；
F, field management: ploughing except the weeds newly to grow out in soil in 3~4 leaf of seedling with the stem elongation stage respectively, and
50-75kg/ mus of spraying insecticide.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: its Oatplanting method of the method for the present invention is simple, the production of oat can be effectively improved
Amount and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step, based on the percentage composition of base manure total weight, the base manure is made of following raw material: 60%
Chicken manure, 20% edible fungi residue and 20% stalk.
Further, in stepb, the fungicide is carbendazim (chemical name: N- (2- benzimidazolyl)-amino first
Sour methyl esters), carbendazim: Yi Bang plant protection Co., Ltd；Active constituent content 50%；Dosage form is wettable powder.
Further, in step D, wherein N is the quick-acting urea of mass fraction 60% and the Controlled-release nitrogen of mass fraction 40%
Fertilizer.
Further, in step E, top dressing is made of following weight percent raw material: urea 1.2%, calcium superphosphate 2%,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, boric acid 0.15%, ferrous sulfate 0.1%, surplus are water.
Further, in step F, based on the percentage composition of insecticidal total weight, the insecticide is by following weight percent
It is formed than raw material: Rogor 0.05% (chemical name: O- dimethyl-S- (N- methylcarbamoyl methyl) phosphorodithioate), enemy
Kill missible oil 0.05% (decis, molecular formula C22H19Br2NO3) and water 99.9%, cream of decamethrin: in Bayer Cropscience
Co., Ltd；25 grams per liter of effective component；Dosage form is missible oil, Rogor: one hundred Shi Da agrochemical Co., Ltd of Jiangsu；Effective component
40%；Dosage form is missible oil.
Specific embodiment
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Case 1:
In May, 2016 carries out to September in the Shanxi Province village Shuozhou City Youyu County Cai Jiatun avena test field, belongs to loess plateau group
At part, 1300 meters of height above sea level or so, oat stage breeding time, preceding crop was rape, experimental field 0-20cm arable layer without pouring water
The soil organism is averaged 5.6g/kg, full nitrogen 76.0mg/kg, available phosphorus 7.8mg/kg, available potassium 100.4mg/kg, pH 8.34.
Test uses dual factors split plot RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, and main factor is seeding method:
Conventional seed planting (B1): sown scope 4cm, line-spacing 15cm；
Wide cut sows (B2): sown scope is adjusted to 7cm, line-spacing 20cm.
Seeding method is that ditch is broadcast, and application rate is 9kg/ mus.
Synetion element is that fertilization mode distinguishes 100% common urea (T1),
+ 80% common urea of 20% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (T2),
+ 60% common urea of 40% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (T3)
+ 40% common urea of 60% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (T4),
+ 20% common urea of 80% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (T5).
Each Nitrogen applications oat amount of nitrogen is consistent, and is 4.8kg/ mus.Totally 10 processing, each processing are repeated 3 times,
Totally 30 cells；(draw experimental plot, seeding method 2 processing, fertilization mode 5 processing, 2*5=10 processing；Each processing
It is repeated 3 times, altogether 30 cells).
(1) crop rotation and site preparation
Preceding crop is selected to be planted for the field of rape.Deep ploughing 20cm processing, deep ploughing are carried out after preceding crop harvest
Basal dressing 1500kg (base manure is constituted: 60%+20% stalk of+20% edible fungi residue of chicken manure), in April, 2016 carries out rotary tillage
10cm rake mill, the soil after turning over is raked, the clod in soil is eliminated.
(2) variety selection and processing
Using oat commercial breed dam oats 1.Before sowing, bright day gas is selected, is spread out seed is very thin, in the sun
3d is dried, the germ of the surface of the seed is killed；With seed dressing carbendazim (chemical name: N- (2- benzimidazolyl)-carbamic acid first
Ester) it is dressed seed with 0.2% dosage of seed weight, prevent and treat loose smut of oats mildew.
(3) essence amount Mechanization sowing
Furrow sowing, the high 8cm in ridge are carried out using 8 row seeders, the amount of broadcasting is 9kg/ mus, depth of planting 5cm, date of seeding 5
The moon 20, line-spacing and sown scope set two processing (B1: sown scope 4cm, line-spacing 15cm；B2: sown scope is adjusted to 7cm, and line-spacing is
20cm。
(4) appropriate fertilising
It applies fertilizer in conjunction with seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine, deep application of fertilizer, depth 10cm, application standard is to apply per acre
4.8kgN,4.0kgP2O5With 3.5kg K2O (being pure nutrient content).Wherein the pure nutrient N of 4.8kg set 5 N fertilizations (T1,
T2、T3、T4、T5)。
(5) field management
The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the integrated control for carrying out disease pest and weed.In 3~4 leaf of seedling
When and the stem elongation stage carry out a tillage and weeding respectively, plough shallowly, deep plough for the first time for second, be conducive to improve low temperature and remove miscellaneous
Grass.
In oat Early filling stage, disease is carried out using 0.05% Rogor, 0.05% cream of decamethrin and 99.9% water spray
Pest control sprays 70kg per acre.
(6) suitable period harvest
In wax ripeness latter stage, i.e. plant radical leaves and fringe portion has been in yellow, and leaf sheath base is still had a surplus green, and endosperm is hardened in cured
It is harvested when matter shape.
Cultural method essentially as described above, using oat varieties dam oats 1.
This test is ratio (proportionate relationship and the sowing in order to prove the optimal Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of the present invention and common urea
The test of mode crossed factors, and obtain most effective ratio and seeding method), result is as shown in table 1 below.
Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer be water-soluble polymer coating control release urea, nitrogenous 44.5%, Nitrogen releasing curve be S type, control
Releasing the phase is 60d, and the nutrients accumulation release rate of 28d is about 60%, common urea nitrogenous 46%.Phosphorus, the potash fertilizer of all test process
Dosage is identical, respectively 4kg P2O5(calcium superphosphate contains P to/mu2O512%), 3.5kg K2O/ mus (potassium chloride contains K2O
60%).All fertilizer are to sow one-time use with oat, and in addition to seeding method and fertilizing method, other field management are protected
It holds consistent.
The influence of the sowing of table 1 and fertilization mode to amount of oat yield
Note:
1. being 85.7kg/ mus (conventional seed planting mode, phosphorus potash fertilizer dosage is with the above processing) without N fertilization yield
2. with column of figure difference small letter digital representation under 0.05 level significant difference
3. nitrogenous fertilizer the Agronomic Use Efficiency=(area yield-Bu Shidan of the area Shi Dan yield)/amount of nitrogen * 100%；
4. utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=absorbed nitrogen by crop amount/amount of nitrogen * 100%；
5.* indicates the significant difference under 0.05 level；* is indicated in 0.01 horizontal upper significant difference
Table 1 is the influence of sowing and fertilization mode to amount of oat yield.As shown in Table 1, under two kinds of seeding methods, work as controlled release
When proportion of nitrogen fertilizer is greater than or equal to 40%, yield is significantly higher than other processing, but when Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer mixing proportion is greater than 40%,
Yield does not have significant changes, and when mixing proportion is 80%, yield shows certain downward trend.
Under Different Fertilization mode, wide cut sowing make amount of oat yield increase to a certain extent, average product amplification is
5.3%.In view of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer cost is high compared with common urea by 30% or so, in all processing, optimum seeding and fertilizing side
Formula is the combination that wide cut sowing and 40% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer blend fertilization mode.
Case 2
In May, 2017 carries out to September in the Shanxi Province village Shuozhou City Youyu County Cai Jiatun avena test field, and preceding crop is oil
Dish, without pouring water in the time of infertility, seeding method takes wide cut to sow (such as case 1: depth of planting 5cm, line-spacing 20cm, sown scope
7cm), cultivation step and soil basic topography such as case 1.
Dual factors split block design is taken in test, and main factor test uses dual factors split plot RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN,
Main factor is that tillage method is as follows in step A:
F1: no autumn deep ploughing basal dressing processing (autumn deep ploughing is handled but without basal dressing)；
F2: sowing autumn the previous year deep ploughing basal dressing 1500kg (base manure is constituted: 60%+20% edible fungi residue of chicken manure+
20% stalk).
Synetion element is nitrogen fertilizer application mode:
A1: 6kgN/ mus (urea), 4kg P are used2O5/ mu, 3.5kg K2The O/ mus of fertilisings carried out in step D；
A2: 3kgN/ mus (urea), 4kg P are used2O5/ mu, 3.5kg K2The O/ mus of fertilisings carried out in step D, while again
3kgN/ mus (urea) jointing stage application in step E is carried out,
A3: 4.8kg N/ mus of (+60% common urea of 40% Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer), 4kg P are used2O5/ mu, 3.5kg K2O/ mus
Carry out the fertilising in step D.
Totally 6 processing, each processing are repeated 3 times, totally 18 cells.(2 cultivating treatments, 3 fertilizer treatments, total 3*2=
6 are handled, 1 cell of each processing, totally 18 cells)
Foliage spray is monitored using SPAD chlorophyll meter, is surveyed using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter within every 5 days after the jointing stage
Fixed blade SPAD value randomly selects 40 plants of representative oats, and measurement topmost is fully deployed leaf central part, and the testing time is fine day
11:00-13:00.Stage in jointing stage to florescence carries out foliage-spray top dressing if SPAD value is lower than 42；Florescence is to after spending
20 days, if SPAD value is lower than 40, foliage-spray top dressing is carried out, top dressing carries out 1 time and (is most later than Post flowering 20 days, do not have to consider
SPAD value limitation).Spraying time should in the morning or at dusk.Top dressing is constituted: foliage application concentration is nitrogenous fertilizer 1.2%.
(1) crop rotation and site preparation
Preceding crop is selected to be planted for the field of cucurbita pepo.Deep ploughing processing is carried out after preceding crop harvest, depth is
20cm；Rotary tillage rake mill is carried out before in April, 2017 sowing, rotary tillage depth is 10cm, and the soil after turning over is raked, and is eliminated in soil
Clod.Deep ploughing sets 2 processing as above (F1: no autumn deep ploughing basal dressing processing；F2: sowing autumn the previous year deep ploughing basal dressing
1500kg (base manure is constituted: 60%+20% stalk of+20% edible fungi residue of chicken manure))
(2) variety selection and processing
Using oat commercial breed dam oats 1.Before sowing, bright day gas is selected, is spread out seed is very thin, in the sun
3d is dried, the germ of the surface of the seed is killed；With seed dressing carbendazim (chemical name: N- (2- benzimidazolyl)-carbamic acid first
Ester) it is dressed seed with 0.2% dosage of seed weight, prevent and treat loose smut of oats mildew.
(3) essence amount Mechanization sowing
Furrow sowing, the high 8cm in ridge are carried out using 8 row seeders, the amount of broadcasting is 9kg/ mus, depth of planting 5cm, date of seeding 5
On the moon 15, line-spacing 20cm, sown scope 7cm.
(4) appropriate fertilising
It applies fertilizer in conjunction with seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine, deep application of fertilizer, depth 10cm, application standard is A1, A2 and A3.
Foliage spray is monitored using SPAD chlorophyll meter, is surveyed using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter within every 5 days after the jointing stage
Fixed blade SPAD value randomly selects 40 plants of representative oats, and measurement topmost is fully deployed leaf central part, and the testing time is fine day
11:00-13:00.Stage in jointing stage to florescence carries out foliage-spray top dressing if SPAD value is lower than 42；Florescence is to after spending
20 days, if SPAD value is lower than 40, foliage-spray top dressing is carried out, top dressing carries out 1 time and (is most later than Post flowering 20 days, do not have to consider
SPAD value limitation).Spraying time should in the morning or at dusk.Top dressing is water, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid and sulphur
Sour ferrous mixture, wherein urea quality score is 1.2%, and it is 2% that calcium superphosphate, which soaks mass fraction, potassium dihydrogen phosphate quality
Score is 0.2%, and boric acid mass fraction is 0.15%, and ferrous sulfate mass fraction is 0.1%, applies 60kg per acre.
(5) field management
The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the integrated control for carrying out disease pest and weed.In 3~4 leaf of seedling
When and the stem elongation stage carry out a tillage and weeding respectively, plough shallowly, deep plough for the first time for second, be conducive to improve low temperature and remove miscellaneous
Grass.
In oat Early filling stage, disease is carried out using 0.05% Rogor, 0.05% cream of decamethrin and 99.9% water spray
Pest control sprays 60kg per acre.
(6) suitable period harvest
In wax ripeness latter stage, i.e. plant radical leaves and fringe portion has been in yellow, and leaf sheath base is still had a surplus green, and endosperm is hardened in cured
It is harvested when matter shape, result is as shown in table 2 below.
The deep ploughing basal dressing of table 2 and influence of the nitrogen fertilizer application mode to amount of oat yield and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
Note: 1. without N fertilization yield be 89.8kg/ mu (deep ploughing of no autumn, phosphorus potash fertilizer dosage with handles above)；2. same column
Digital difference lowercase indicates the significant difference under 0.05 level；3. nitrogenous fertilizer the Agronomic Use Efficiency=(area Shi Dan crop yield-is no
The crop yield of the area Shi Dan)/amount of nitrogen * 100%；4. Nitrogen apparent recovery fraction=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of the area the Shi Dan crop-area Bu Shidan
The total amount of nitrogen sucking of crop)/amount of nitrogen * 100%；5.* indicates the significant difference under 0.05 level；* is indicated in 0.01 horizontal upper difference
Significantly；Ns indicates that difference is not significant.(explain annotation H24, ns herein indicates that cultivating treatment obtains yield to a certain degree
It improves, but the not up to level of signifiance)
Table 2 is deep ploughing basal dressing and influence of the nitrogen fertilizer application mode to amount of oat yield and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Such as table 2 as it can be seen that
Under different tillage, A2 and A3 yield is all remarkably higher than A1 processing, and the lower yield of A3 processing is slightly above A2 but difference is not significant；But
A3 amount of nitrogen ratio A2 lacks 0.6kg/ mus, and the promotion of yield, under two kinds of tillage methods, the nitrogen of A3 are obtained in the case where Shaoshi nitrogen
Fertile utilization rate is all remarkably higher than A2.Different tillage is compared, under different nitrogen fertilizer application modes, autumn deep ploughing nitrogen fertilizer application processing (F2)
On yield, nitrogenous fertilizer the Agronomic Use Efficiency and Nitrogen apparent recovery fraction improve to a certain extent, compared to be respectively increased 3.7%,
8.7% and 8.6%.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of oat, which comprises the following steps:
A, site preparation basal dressing: after preceding crop harvest, base manure 1500-3000kg/ mus is applied, autumn deep ploughing is then carried out, ploughs
Depth is 15-25cm, after deep ploughing, carries out rotary tillage, and rotary tillage depth is 8-10cm, finally puts down soil target；
B, wheat seeds are handled: wheat seeds being dried 3-4d under the sun, then by wheat seeds and fungicide with mass ratio 500:1 seed dressing；
C, it sows: furrow sowing, the high 8cm in ridge is carried out using seeder, application rate is 9-10kg/ mus, depth of planting 5-6cm,
Sowing line-spacing is 18-20cm, sown scope 6-8cm；
D, it applies fertilizer: being applied fertilizer using seeding and fertilizing all-in-one machine, fertilization depth 9-10cm, recommended rate of fertilizer application are as follows: 4.8-5.4kgN/
Mu, 4-5kgP2O5/ mu, 3-4kgK2O/ mus；
E, monitoring management: wheat seeds after planting measure blade SPAD using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter in every 5 days after the jointing stage
Value randomly selects 40 plants of oats, and measurement topmost is fully deployed leaf central part, and the testing time is fine day 11:00-13:00:
Stage in jointing stage to florescence carries out 50-60kg/ mus of foliage-spray top dressing if SPAD value is lower than 42；
Florescence to after spending 20 days, if SPAD value is lower than 40, carries out 50-60kg/ mus of foliage-spray top dressing, top dressing only carries out 1
It is secondary, spraying time in the morning or at dusk；
F, it field management: ploughs except the weeds newly to grow out in soil, and sprays respectively with the stem elongation stage in 3~4 leaf of seedling
50-75kg/ mus of insecticide.
2. a kind of implantation methods of oat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step, by base manure total weight
Percentage composition meter, the base manure are made of following raw material: 60% chicken manure, 20% edible fungi residue and 20% stalk.
3. a kind of implantation methods of oat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in stepb, the fungicide is more
Bacterium spirit.
4. a kind of implantation methods of oat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step D, wherein N is quality point
The quick-acting urea of number 60% and the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of mass fraction 40%.
5. a kind of implantation methods of oat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step E, the top dressing is by following
Weight percent raw material composition: urea 1.2%, calcium superphosphate 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, boric acid 0.15%, ferrous sulfate
0.1%, surplus is water.
6. a kind of implantation methods of oat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step F, by insecticidal total weight
Percentage composition meter, the insecticide is made of following weight percent raw material: Rogor 0.05%, cream of decamethrin 0.05% with
Water 99.9%.
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| CN111512908A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-11 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Planting method for improving oat yield and improving oat quality |
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| CN110463427A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-19 | 东北农业大学 | It is a kind of that boron magnesium method is efficiently applied based on the unmanned plane for detecting rice leaf SPAD value |
| CN110463427B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-06-01 | 东北农业大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle efficient boron and magnesium applying method based on rice leaf SPAD value detection |
| CN111512908A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-11 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Planting method for improving oat yield and improving oat quality |
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