CN112745159A - Special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and fertilizing method - Google Patents
Special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112745159A CN112745159A CN202110028983.XA CN202110028983A CN112745159A CN 112745159 A CN112745159 A CN 112745159A CN 202110028983 A CN202110028983 A CN 202110028983A CN 112745159 A CN112745159 A CN 112745159A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and a fertilizing method, which belong to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers and consist of a base fertilizer, a seedling-lifting fertilizer and a top dressing fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer, the seedling-lifting fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 67-79% of base fertilizer, 1.5-3.5% of seedling raising fertilizer and 13.5-17.5% of additional fertilizer; the invention scientifically and accurately applies fertilizer according to the growth fertilizer requirement rule of pepper crops, has strong practicability and convenient popularization and use, and effectively solves the problems of disordered fertilizer application scheme, overhigh fertilizer application cost, excessive use of chemical fertilizer and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in the existing pepper production process, and large input of agricultural chemical substances into farmlands, resulting in large amount of enrichment of harmful chemical substances in organisms through soil and water and entering into crops and livestock and poultry through food chains, resulting in food pollution and serious influence on human health; meanwhile, the organic matter content in the soil is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, the soil is easy to harden, the production capacity is reduced, and the problems of large-area pest and disease damage of the peppers or reduction of the yield are easy to occur.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and a fertilizing method.
Background
The pepper is a characteristic of Guizhou, has large perennial planting area, relates to wide farmer range and has obvious income increasing effect for farmers. With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of ecological environment protection and self health protection consciousness, the demand of people on safe, sanitary and clean agricultural products is increasing. In the production process of the pepper, chemical fertilizers and partial application of nitrogen fertilizers are abused, so that a large amount of agricultural chemical substances are input into farmlands, and harmful chemical substances are greatly enriched in organisms through soil and water and enter crops and livestock bodies through food chains, so that food pollution is caused, and the health of human bodies is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, the organic matter content in the soil is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, soil hardening, water and soil loss and reduction of land production capacity are caused, and large-area pest and disease damage or yield reduction of the peppers is easily caused. Therefore, researching and popularizing the nutritional set meal aiming at different growth periods of the peppers, reasonably increasing the application of organic fertilizers, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, enhancing the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops, increasing the input-output ratio, comprehensively improving the quality safety level of the peppers, improving the yield and enhancing the competitiveness of the peppers become extremely important tasks in the current agricultural development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the difficulties of the background technology, mainly discusses the tests of increasing the application of organic and inorganic compound fertilizers for base fertilizers, timely applying seedling fertilizers for transplanting, topdressing with different application rates 25 days after transplanting of hot peppers and the like under the condition of reducing and consistent fertilizer usage amount, influences on the economic properties and yield of hot peppers, and provides a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and a fertilizing method through years of tests and multiple demonstration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers is composed of a base fertilizer, a seedling raising fertilizer and a top dressing, wherein the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the top dressing comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
67-79% of base fertilizer, 1.5-3.5% of seedling raising fertilizer and 13.5-17.5% of additional fertilizer;
the base fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: taking nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:8:5 as raw materials, taking 25% of total nutrient and 15% of organic matter content as phosphorus sources, and combining common calcium to prepare the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;
the seedling raising fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: preparing a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer by using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 40:5:5 as raw materials;
the topdressing is a high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer which is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25 as raw material, and 0.1 percent of trace element B and 0.1 percent of trace element Zn are added to prepare the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer.
Further, a fertilizing method of the special nutritional package fertilizer for the hot pepper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) heavy application of base fertilizer
Applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the application amount of about 100 kg per mu in furrow or pit for combined soil preparation, uniformly mixing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with soil, and properly adjusting the application amount according to the soil condition and the cultivated variety;
2) fertilizer for protecting and applying seedlings
Diluting a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer with the application amount of 3-5 kg per mu with water when the pepper is planted (transplanted), wherein the dilution concentration is 0.1% -0.5%, and performing point irrigation or drip irrigation at a position 5-7 cm away from the base of pepper seedling stems;
3) and applying additional fertilizer
Within 20-25 days after the pepper is transplanted, the optimum dosage of 20-30 kg per mu is applied to a position 10 centimeters (or 3 inches) away from the pepper plants.
Further, the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are respectively prepared by a compound fertilizer stirring and mixing device.
Further, a fertilizing device is adopted for fertilizing in the step 1) and the step 3).
Further, the step 2) adopts spraying with a pitch-adjusting rod for point irrigation or drip irrigation.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and the fertilizing method provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the special nutritional package fertilizer for the peppers, provided by the invention, consists of a base fertilizer, a seedling raising fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, is a most reasonable nutrition technical package formula of the special fertilizer for the peppers in the growth process of the peppers through field tests and demonstration researches in different areas for many years according to the fertilizer requirement and the nutritional characteristics of the peppers and by combining the soil condition of Guizhou and the varieties cultivated in recent years, and has the advantages of reasonable formula and balanced nutrition; according to the invention, the base fertilizer is applied again, the seedling raising fertilizer is preserved, and the fertilizing method of applying the additional fertilizer fully supplies the nutrient requirement in the growth process of the hot pepper, so that the stress resistance of the hot pepper is improved, the disease resistance, waterlogging resistance and lodging resistance of the hot pepper are enhanced, the growth of the root system of the hot pepper is facilitated, the robust growth of the hot pepper is promoted, the stem and leaf are prevented from growing excessively, the early blooming and fruit setting are promoted, the purposes of flower preservation and fruit promotion, deformed fruit reduction, hot pepper fruit increase and hot pepper yield and quality improvement are achieved, and the purposes of yield increase and efficiency improvement are achieved in the hot pepper planting process; the invention scientifically and accurately applies fertilizer according to the fertilizer requirement rule of pepper crop growth, has strong practicability and convenient popularization and use, and effectively solves the problems of disordered fertilizer application scheme, overhigh fertilizer application cost, excessive use of chemical fertilizer and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer in the existing pepper production process, large amount of agricultural chemical substances input into farmlands, large amount of enrichment of harmful chemical substances in organisms through soil and water, and food pollution caused by entering into crops and livestock and poultry through food chains, and serious influence on human health. Meanwhile, the organic matter content in the soil is reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are deteriorated, soil hardening, water and soil loss and reduction of land production capacity are caused, and the problems of large-area pest and disease damage or yield reduction of the peppers are easily caused.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stirring and mixing device of a special nutritional package fertilizer for capsicum of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the fertilizer applying device for the special nutritional package fertilizer for capsicum.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot pepper, which consists of a base fertilizer, a seedling raising fertilizer and a top dressing, wherein the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the top dressing comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 67-79% of base fertilizer, 1.5-3.5% of seedling raising fertilizer and 13.5-17.5% of additional fertilizer; the base fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: taking nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:8:5 as raw materials, taking 25% of total nutrient and 15% of organic matter content as phosphorus sources, and combining common calcium to prepare the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the seedling raising fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: preparing a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer by using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 40:5:5 as raw materials; the topdressing is a high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer which is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25 as raw material, and 0.1 percent of trace element B and 0.1 percent of trace element Zn are added to prepare the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer.
The invention provides a fertilizing method of a special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) heavy application of base fertilizer
Applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the application amount of about 100 kg per mu in furrow or pit for combined soil preparation, uniformly mixing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with soil, and properly adjusting the application amount according to the soil condition and the cultivated variety;
2) fertilizer for protecting and applying seedlings
Diluting a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer with the application amount of 3-5 kg per mu with water when the pepper is planted (transplanted), wherein the dilution concentration is 0.1% -0.5%, and performing point irrigation or drip irrigation at a position 5-7 cm away from the base of pepper seedling stems;
3) and applying additional fertilizer
Within 20-25 days after the pepper is transplanted, the optimum dosage of 20-30 kg per mu is applied to a position 10 centimeters (or 3 inches) away from the pepper plants.
The invention combines the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the pepper, under the condition of reducing and consistent fertilizer usage amount, the invention focuses on the research on the experiments of increasing the application of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer on base fertilizer, timely applying seedling fertilizer during transplanting, applying additional fertilizer with different application amount 25 days after pepper transplanting and the like, and provides a basis for reasonably applying organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer in the pepper cultivation process through years of experiments and multiple-point demonstration, and the test results are summarized as follows:
example 1, the effect of fertilizer formulation in the base fertilizer on pepper fruiting and yield was experimentally designed as follows:
in test 1, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 6:8:5: 15;
test 2: the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 8:8:5: 15;
test 3: the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 10:8:5: 15;
test 4, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 12:8:5: 15;
in test 5, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizer is 14:8:5: 15.
The fertilizer for test provided by the invention is an organic fertilizer produced by Zusanyuqiang compound fertilizer Limited liability company, and the organic matter is not less than 70%. Urea (46% of N content), K2SO4 (50% of K2O), and common calcium (16% of P2O 5); selecting Zunyi pod pepper for testing pepper varieties; making cells, rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, leveling, uniformly measuring and making ridges, wherein each ridge contains a ditch with the width of 1.2m, each cell is 3.0m long and 3.6m wide, and the area of each cell is 10.8 square meters. The prevention and treatment of diseases, insects and grass and other measures in the 5 test designs are all consistent; the test results of the fertilizer proportion in the base fertilizer and the fruit bearing number of the pepper are shown in table 1; the test results of the fertilizer formulation ratio in the base fertilizer to the pepper yield are shown in table 2;
TABLE 1 influence of fertilizer formulation ratio in base fertilizer on the number of fruit bearing peppers
TABLE 2 influence of fertilizer formulation ratio in base fertilizer on pepper yield
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium to the organic fertilizer is 10:8:5:15, 12:8:5:15, 14:8:5:15, the fruit yield is the largest, the three processing differences are not obvious, the differences are obvious when the three processing differences are compared with 8:8:5:15 and 6:8:5:15, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium to the organic fertilizer is the best, and the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is developed according to 10:8:5: 15.
Example 2, the following experimental design was performed on the influence of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer dosage on the yield:
in the test 1, 25 kg/mu organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
test 2: 50 kg/mu of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
test 3: 75 kilograms/mu of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
test 4, 100 kg/mu organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
test 5, 125 kg/mu organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
and 6, a test shows that 150 kg/mu of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer.
In the test 7, 50 kg/mu of the fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer.
The test fertilizer in the experimental design adopts the special nutritional package fertilizer for hot pepper provided by the invention, wherein the base fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer developed by taking calcium superphosphate as a phosphorus source, wherein the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 10:8:5, and the content of organic matters is 15%; selecting Zunyi pod pepper for testing pepper varieties; making cells, rotary tillage by a rotary cultivator, leveling, uniformly measuring and making ridges, wherein each ridge contains a ditch with the width of 1.2m, each cell is 3.0m long and 3.6m wide, and the area of each cell is 10.8 square meters. The control of diseases, insects and grasses and other measures in the 5 test designs are all consistent, and the test results are shown in table 3;
TABLE 3 influence of organic-inorganic Compound fertilizers on the Pepper yield
From table 3, it can be seen that: tests 4, 5 and 6 show that the fertilizer application effect is good and achieves obvious difference, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer takes 100 kg/mu, 125 kg/mu and 150 kg/mu as base fertilizer, the pepper yield is the highest and is 1153.2 kg/mu, 1155.9 kg/mu and 1161.7 kg/mu respectively, the difference of the three treated pepper yields is not obvious, the difference with the tests 7, 1 and 2 reaches an extremely obvious level, and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer takes about 100 kg of fertilizer applied per mu as the best base fertilizer.
Example 3, the following experimental design was performed to determine the effect of the amount of the fertilizer used for the seedling raising on the stem thickness and plant height of the pepper seedlings:
test 1, no fertilizer is applied, 0 kg/mu urea;
test 2: applying nitrogen fertilizer and 3 kg/mu urea;
test 3: applying 1 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 40:5:5 per mu;
test 4, applying 2 kilograms of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 40:5:5 per mu;
test 5, applying 3 kilograms of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 40:5:5 per mu;
test 6, applying 4 kilograms of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 40:5:5 per mu;
test 7, applying 5 kilograms of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 40:5:5 per mu;
test 8, applying 6 kilograms of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 40:5:5 per mu;
the seedling raising fertilizer in the experimental design is a water-soluble compound fertilizer in the special nutritional package fertilizer for the hot pepper provided by the invention, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-soluble compound fertilizer is 40:5: 5; selecting Zunyi pod pepper for testing pepper varieties; making cells, carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, leveling, uniformly measuring and making ridges, wherein each ridge contains a ditch with the width of 1.2m, each cell is 3.0m long and 3.6m wide, and the area of each cell is 10.8 square meters; the control of diseases, insects and grass and other measures in the 5 experimental designs are consistent, after the pepper seedlings are transplanted, the concentration of the seedling-raising fertilizer added with water is 0.2 percent, and the seedling-raising fertilizer is used as root-fixing water to be applied to the periphery of the roots of the pepper seedlings; the test results on the influence of the stem thickness of the pepper seedlings are shown in table 4; the test results on the influence of the plant height of the pepper seedlings are shown in table 5;
TABLE 4 influence of different fertilizer dosages on stem thickness of pepper seedlings
From table 4, it can be seen that: and 3 kilograms per mu, 4 kilograms per mu and 5 kilograms per mu of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 40:5:5 are applied as seedling-raising fertilizers, so that the thick pepper stems are the thickest and reach the level of remarkable difference.
TABLE 5 influence of different fertilizer dosages on the height of the pepper seedlings
From table 5, it can be seen that: no fertilizer is applied for seedling raising, the pepper grows badly and grows slowly; only nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the pepper is easy to grow excessively; the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in a matched manner, so that the pepper grows coordinately in stem thickness and plant height, and the growth vigor is vigorous. The water-soluble compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 40:5:5 is applied by 3-5 kg per mu, and the water-soluble fertilizer with the water content of 0.1-0.3% is added during the transplanting of the pepper seedlings as the seedling-lifting fertilizer.
Example 4 effect of topdressing dosage on pepper yield, the following experimental design was performed:
in the test 1, no additional fertilizer is applied, and the weight is 0 kg/mu;
test 2: applying a nitrogen fertilizer, 20 kilograms per mu of urea;
test 3: applying 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15:5:25 per mu;
test 4, applying 20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5: 25;
test 5, applying a compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 30 kilograms per mu and 15:5: 25;
test 6: applying 40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 15:5: 25.
In the test 7, 25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:25 is applied, and 2 kg/mu of zinc fertilizer and 1 kg/mu of boron fertilizer are applied.
Applying additional fertilizer at a position 10 centimeters (or 3 inches) away from a pepper plant 25 days after pepper transplantation, wherein the additional fertilizer in the experimental design is the compound fertilizer in the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper provided by the invention, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:5: 25; selecting Zunyi pod pepper for testing pepper varieties; making cells, carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, leveling, uniformly measuring and making ridges, wherein each ridge contains a ditch with the width of 1.2m, each cell is 3.0m long and 3.6m wide, and the area of each cell is 10.8 square meters; the control of diseases, insects and grasses and other measures in the 5 experimental designs are all consistent, and the results of the influence on the pepper yield are shown in table 6;
TABLE 6 influence of different topdressing dosages on pepper yield
From table 6, it can be seen that: after 25 days of pepper transplantation, topdressing is carried out, and the pepper yield is increased in different degrees, so that the remarkable difference is achieved; treatment 4, treatment 5 and treatment 7 are the best, and the pepper yield is the highest; with the increase of the fertilizing amount, the yield of the pepper tends to decrease. When the pepper is full for a long time, 20-30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 15:5:25 is matched with 2 kg/mu of zinc fertilizer and 1 kg/mu of boron fertilizer.
In summary, a, B, C, D, AB, BC, a, B, C, D, AB and BC in the above table are markers for distinguishing significance of difference, and the invention provides a special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper, wherein 1, base fertilizer: the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is developed by taking nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:8:5 and 15% of organic matter content and taking calcium superphosphate as a phosphorus source, and the application amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer per mu is about 100 kilograms; 2. and (3) seedling extraction and fertilizer application: 3-5 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 40:5:5 is applied to each mu, and 0.1-0.3% of water-soluble fertilizer is optimally added when the pepper seedlings are transplanted; 3. topdressing: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mixed according to the proportion of 15:5:25, and the mixture is added with the compound fertilizer of boron and zinc microelements, and the mixture is applied to a position 10 centimeters (or 3 inches) away from pepper plants after pepper seedlings are transplanted for 25 days, wherein the optimal application amount is 20-30 kilograms per mu; the set of meal fertilizer has reasonable formula and balanced nutrition; according to the invention, the base fertilizer is applied again, the seedling raising fertilizer is preserved, and the fertilizing method of applying the additional fertilizer fully supplies the nutrient requirement in the growth process of the hot pepper, so that the stress resistance of the hot pepper is improved, the disease resistance, waterlogging resistance and lodging resistance of the hot pepper are enhanced, the growth of the root system of the hot pepper is facilitated, the robust growth of the hot pepper is promoted, the stem and leaf overgrowth is prevented, the early blooming and fruit setting are promoted, the purposes of flower preservation and fruit promotion, deformed fruit reduction, hot pepper fruit increase, hot pepper yield and quality improvement are achieved, and the purposes of yield increase and efficiency improvement are achieved in the hot pepper planting process.
The invention is implemented in 2018-2020, and in main pepper production areas such as Xinpu new district, Zuzui district, Meitan county, Suiyang county and Zhengan county in Guizhou province, the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper and the fertilization method provided by the invention are demonstrated, and when the pepper is transplanted, an organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is additionally applied as a base fertilizer, a seedling raising fertilizer is slightly applied, and a topdressing is heavily applied on the basis of reducing the applied fertilizer. Taking Zunla No. 9 as a test variety, taking pepper farmer habit fertilization as a contrast, not applying pure fertilizer as a base fertilizer, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:8:5 per mu, controlling the organic matter content to be 15%, taking 100 kg/mu of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer taking calcium superphosphate as a phosphorus source as the base fertilizer, slightly applying 3-5 kg/mu of seedling-lifting fertilizer during transplanting, adding 0.1-0.3% of water into water-soluble compound fertilizer with a ratio of 40:5:5 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as the seedling-lifting fertilizer, after transplanting for 25 days, adding compound fertilizer containing trace elements of boron and zinc in a ratio of 15:5:25, applying the compound fertilizer 10 cm (or 3 inches) away from pepper plants, and applying 20-30 kg per mu; sampling 50 mu of pepper at each test demonstration point, according to Guizhou pepper field test yield standard (DB52T976-2014) according to Guizhou pepper local standard, comparing the records in the record table and the records of all harvested products on the day, and testing the yield and checking the acceptance, wherein the test result is shown in Table 7;
TABLE 7 Effect of different site fertilization on pepper yield and disease
As can be seen from table 7: the yield of the special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and the fertilizer application method provided by the invention is increased by 11.4-15.5% in 2018 compared with that of the conventional fertilizer application, the yield of the special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and the fertilizer application method provided by the invention is increased by 16.3-17.3% in 2019 compared with that of the conventional fertilizer application, and the yield of the special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers and the fertilizer application method provided by the invention is increased by 13.2-17.9% in 2020 compared with that of the conventional fertilizer application. The experiment demonstration shows that after the compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer nutrition package technology for the hot pepper is applied, the yield and the income of the hot pepper can be increased, the disease resistance of hot pepper plants can be enhanced, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are better.
As shown in fig. 1, the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the top dressing fertilizer in the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper provided by the invention are respectively prepared by a compound fertilizer stirring and mixing device, so that the raw material stirring and mixing efficiency is effectively improved, the raw materials are fully and uniformly mixed and stirred, the nutrient elements are uniformly distributed, and the nutrient requirement rule in the pepper growth process is fully supplemented, so that scientific and accurate fertilization is realized, the production cost is reduced, the input-output ratio is increased, the pepper quality safety level is comprehensively improved, and the yield is improved; as shown in figure 2, the fertilizer application device is adopted for applying fertilizer in the steps 1) and 3), the fertilizer application device comprises a sharp shovel, a feeding pipe and a material container, the material container is symmetrically provided with braces for improving the operation efficiency, the upper part of the sharp shovel is provided with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is of a hollow structure, the end part of the connecting rod is provided with a handle, the lower end of the handle is provided with a feeding control switch for controlling the feeding amount, so that the waste of raw materials is avoided, one end of the feeding pipe is connected with the lower end of the material container, the other end of the feeding pipe is arranged in the connecting rod, the feeding pipe is provided with a material control valve for controlling the feeding amount and improving the fertilizer application efficiency, the upper end of the sharp shovel is clamped with a telescopic distance ruler rod, the end part of the distance ruler rod is provided with a clamping part of a C-shaped structure, a buffer cushion layer is, the efficiency and the accuracy of fertilization are improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above, and the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A special nutritional package fertilizer for hot peppers is composed of a base fertilizer, a seedling raising fertilizer and a top dressing, and is characterized in that: the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the additional fertilizer comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
67-79% of base fertilizer, 1.5-3.5% of seedling raising fertilizer and 13.5-17.5% of additional fertilizer;
the base fertilizer is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: taking nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:8:5 as raw materials, taking 25% of total nutrient and 15% of organic matter content as phosphorus sources, and combining common calcium to prepare the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;
the seedling raising fertilizer is a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer, and is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: preparing a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer by using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 40:5:5 as raw materials;
the topdressing is a high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer which is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15:5:25 as raw material, and 0.1 percent of trace element B and 0.1 percent of trace element Zn are added to prepare the high-potassium water-soluble compound fertilizer.
2. The fertilizing method of the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) heavy application of base fertilizer
Applying organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the application amount of about 100 kg per mu in furrow or pit for combined soil preparation, uniformly mixing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with soil, and properly adjusting the application amount according to the soil condition and the cultivated variety;
2) fertilizer for protecting and applying seedlings
Diluting a high-nitrogen water-soluble compound fertilizer with the application amount of 3-5 kg per mu with water when the pepper is planted (transplanted), wherein the dilution concentration is 0.1% -0.5%, and performing point irrigation or drip irrigation at a position 5-7 cm away from the base of pepper seedling stems;
3) and applying additional fertilizer
Within 20-25 days after the pepper is transplanted, the optimum dosage of 20-30 kg per mu is applied to a position 10 centimeters (or 3 inches) away from the pepper plants.
3. The nutritional package fertilizer special for pepper as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer, the seedling raising fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are respectively prepared by a compound fertilizer stirring and mixing device.
4. The method for fertilizing the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and fertilizing by adopting a fertilizing device in the steps 1) and 3).
5. The method for fertilizing the special nutritional package fertilizer for pepper as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and 2) spraying with a pitch adjusting rod for point irrigation or drip irrigation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115997541A (en) * | 2023-02-19 | 2023-04-25 | 贵州省园艺研究所(贵州省园艺工程技术研究中心) | Application method of fertilizer suitable for full growth period of wire peppers |
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