CN109042205A - It is suitable for the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method in frostless area - Google Patents
It is suitable for the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method in frostless area Download PDFInfo
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- CN109042205A CN109042205A CN201810827654.XA CN201810827654A CN109042205A CN 109042205 A CN109042205 A CN 109042205A CN 201810827654 A CN201810827654 A CN 201810827654A CN 109042205 A CN109042205 A CN 109042205A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method for being suitable for frostless area, chooses by fine variety production and processing, seed treatment, plantation field, site preparation and base fertilizer applys, ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, overlay film and sowing, irrigation, foliar fertilizer application and pest and disease damage prevention and control etc. operate.The present invention can reduce planting density in a certain range, reduce seed usage amount；Photosynthetic efficiency is improved, branch growth is promoted；Highly effective water-keeping moisturizing reduces aridity risk；Conducive to field drainage ventilation, pest and disease damage is reduced；It plants suitablely, generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature in reduction；Inhibit weed growth, reduce pesticide cost investment, ecological, environmental protective improves product quality；It lists agricultural product ahead of time, increases income.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae film for being suitable for frostless area
Side planting method.
Background technique
Semen viciae fabae is legume important in the world, and China is semen viciae fabae producing country the biggest in the world, cultivated area and total output
Occupy first place in the world.Vicia high protein, low fat, rich starch legume, be important grain, vegetables, non-staple foodstuff, feeding
Material, green manure and soil improving crop.In recent years, with the raising that scientific research development, technological progress and people recognize, China's semen viciae fabae industry hair
Exhibition is more and more paid attention to, and the important source material of food industry, feed industry, medical light industry is had become.It is new varieties, new
Technology continues to bring out, and drives the formation of semen viciae fabae industrialized development.
Yunnan Province is typical winter semen viciae fabae growing area, and planting patterns mainly has no-tillage and direct-seeding after rice, broadcasts sowing and turn over plough plantation, beautiful
The plantation of rice-semen viciae fabae intercropping and interplanting, flue-cured tobacco-semen viciae fabae intercropping and interplanting plantation.Under traditional planting models, winter natural precipitation amount is few, and irrigation is set
Apply not perfect, implantation methods are more extensive, and drought-enduring and diseases and insect pests resistance is poor, and hypothermic phase is aggrieved serious, and the kind ripe phase is later
Deng so that agricultural product quality and yield are lower.Meanwhile Soil In Yunnan Province, based on sticky laterite, drainage of soil ability is poor, after rain
It is influenced vulnerable to damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
Therefore, it is necessary to study a kind of new broad bean plant technology, solve in existing semen viciae fabae planting process: because of natural precipitation
Less, arid caused by irrigating facility is not perfect；Because of production loss caused by chilling injury, because of ponding caused by soil permeability difference
Damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；Because market value is low caused by ripe evening phase；Because quality and low output etc. are asked caused by planting density is improper and method is extensive
Topic.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides side for being suitable for frostless area
Method reduces planting density in a certain range, reduces seed usage amount；Photosynthetic efficiency is improved, branch growth is promoted；Efficiently
It is retained moisturizing, reduces aridity risk；Conducive to field drainage ventilation, pest and disease damage is reduced；It plants suitablely, generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature in reduction；
Inhibit weed growth, reduce pesticide cost investment, ecological, environmental protective improves product quality；It lists agricultural product ahead of time, increases and receive
Enter.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal: a kind of precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides side being suitable for frostless area
Method includes the following steps:
(1) fine variety production and processing: the precocious large broad bean seed of kidney bean series is chosen；
(2) following processing mode seed treatment: is selected according to weather condition:
A, fine, in the sowing same day, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer for being 10g/L by concentration: the Tebuconazole that concentration is 2%: semen viciae fabae kind
The mass ratio of son is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, sows immediately after seed dressing；
B, rainy weather, in preceding 7~10 days of sowing, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer that is 10g/L by concentration: concentration for 2% Tebuconazole:
The mass ratio of Broad Bean Seeds is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, and dries in the shade use wait sow in time；
(3) plantation field is chosen:
A, crops for rotation select: based on the selection of the dry farming crops for rotation such as corn, flue-cured tobacco, and requiring not planting pulse family work in 1~2 year
Object；
B, landform selects: tableland, mountainous region and the level land Ba Qu that 1100~2200 meters of height above sea level；
C, it selects frostless planting area or minimum temperature not less than 5 DEG C and consecutive low temperature is no more than 3 days planting areas, and as far as possible
Avoid vegetables flake periphery plantation in winter；
D, soil types: being advisable with sandy loam, and clay takes second place；
E, field pesticides service condition: the field of the herbicides such as atrazine, glyphosate was not used in selection；
(4) site preparation and base fertilizer application: after crop of upper season harvest, semen viciae fabae is sowed first 7~10 days, according to soil property and land treatment systems of upper season
Situation plows by native deep 30~40cm, rakes the soil level by soil depth 20cm；
If a, having plowed, having raked the soil level each 1 time before spring plantation, then after spring harvest, semen viciae fabae is planted first 2~3 days, is spread per acre
1~2 ton of farmyard manure is applied, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, is raked the soil level once by soil depth 20cm；
, then should be after spring harvest if b, only raking the soil level 1 time before spring plantation, semen viciae fabae is planted first 4~7 days, it first plows 1 time, dry field
It after 2~4 days, is sowed first 2~3 days in semen viciae fabae, spreads fertilizer over the fields 1~2 ton of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, harrowed by soil depth 20cm
Ground is primary；
(5) plough the first furrow as a guideline: after raking the soil level, by the wide 40cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width 60cm, mechanical ridging is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline；
(6) overlay film and sowing:
A, wide with 60 centimetres before sowing, 0.004 millimeters thick black film mulching moisture surface, centered on moisture surface, moisture surface two sides are respectively covered
10cm mulch is covered, is pressing a blinding press mold apart from film side 5cm；
B, sowed in early October, immediately below mulch side, i.e. moisture surface-ditch joint dig reservoir, pool depth 5cm, the pool away from 13 centimetres,
Every pool monoseeding, seed hilum is placed downward when sowing, gently by burying in, per acre about 1.0~1.1 × 104Strain, mu kind
Measure 12.0~16.0 kilograms (different because of kind size)；
(7) it irrigates: after planting, sufficiently being irrigated 1 time with sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation immediately；Florescence, fruiting period, are respectively irrigated 2~3 times；
(8) foliar fertilizer is applied: it is 60~90L application foliar fertilizer by single mu dosage in following period, meanwhile, increase by 30mL/ mus
Mixed liquor is trimly sent out with Na Shi:
A, the florescence applies fertilizer: respectively spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time in early flowering season and full-bloom stage, applies Na Shi trimly clouding by 30mL/ mus of collocation
Close liquid；
B, the pod phase applies fertilizer: picking situation by fresh pod, every harvest fresh pod 2~3 times sprays 1 foliar fertilizer, spray foliar fertilizer 2~3 altogether
It is secondary, mixed liquor is trimly sent out by 30mL/ mus of collocation application Na Shi；
(9) pest and disease damage prevention and control:
A, chemical prevention and control: in seedling stage, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1200~1500 times of liquid, 50% Sukeling wettable powder are sprayed
The diseases such as 1500~2000 times of liquid of agent or 75% Bravo wettable powder 500~800 times of liquid control rusts, red spot occur；Spray
It is latent to apply 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment spots of the latent emulsion for cleaning of 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid, 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 25% spot
The insect pests such as fly, aphid occur；In the florescence, applies 0.3% matrine, 1000 times of liquid pest controls and occur, matrine is natural plants
Property pesticide, have the function of desinsection, bactericidal activity and coordinate plant growth, to people and animals low toxicity, it is environmentally protective；
B, physics prevention and control:
1. assigning insect-sticking plate: the more sensitive Yellow sticky trap of the pests such as selection aphid, liriomyza bryoniae and thrips, specification be 25cm ×
30cm hangs on 15cm above plant strain growth point, and constantly adjusts worm plate height according to growing state；
2. arranging aphid parasite: to launch at based on bee, mu injected volume is 1000, is during which forbidden to use insecticide pesticide；
(10) tillage and weeding: young plant weeding 1 time；
(11) it picks fresh pod in batches in 1~March of next year, picks 1 time within every 10 days.
The precocious large broad bean seed of selection kidney bean series of the step (1) need to meet following condition:
1) 100-grain weight >=120 gram；
2) selection can harvest the precocious Vicia Faba of fresh pod for after planting 70~100 days；
3) germination percentage requires to be greater than or equal to 98%.
The germination percentage is prior to seeding, to randomly select 5 parts of seed sample, 100 every part, measure the tool of percentage of seedgermination
Steps are as follows for body:
A, initial point selection: first 10~15 days of sowing randomly selects 5 parts of Broad Bean Seeds, every part randomly selects 100 seeds；
B, the surface of the seed disinfection and swelling: 10~20s of seed is impregnated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, immediately rinses 3 with aqua sterilisa
It is secondary；100 seeds are laid in high-temperature sterilization to cross in the pallet or plate of (121 DEG C, 20min), aqua sterilisa are added, water is with rigid
Just do not had seed to be advisable, place 12 under room temperature (temperature be lower than 25 degrees Celsius)~(the specific time is because of seed size and organic matter for 24 hours
Content is different and different), until seed absorbs water completely, water during which need to be changed with aqua sterilisa and is rinsed 1 time；
C, germination is stood: in sterilized pallet or plate bottom layer overlay sterilizing filter paper or gauze (it is required that being paved with entire bottom
Portion), entire filter paper or gauze are moistened with aqua sterilisa, water can just be flowed freely with moisture to be advisable, and the seed after imbibition is put down
It is laid on thereon, is covered seed with the filter paper or gauze sufficiently to absorb water, pallet or plate are placed in 20 DEG C of constant incubators, often
12h changes water and rinses 1 time, until germination, and bud length is counted to 0.5~1cm or after continuing placement 3~4 days after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Number；
D, the determination effectively germinateed: in the seed sample that 5 parts measure germination percentage, every part randomly selects 20 seeds (then respectively
From putting back to sample interior), amount to 100, measurement bud is long, and calculates the long average L of bud, using the long average of bud as radix, by bud
The seed of length >=0.3L is recorded as effective chitting piece；
E, the calculating of germination percentage: by the above process, effective chitting piece quantity in every part of sample is calculated, and calculate average X, had
Imitating germination percentage is then (X/100) × 100%；
The foliar fertilizer of the step (8) is grouped as by the group of following mass percent:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, molydbenum fertilizer 0.03%, zinc fertilizer 0.03%, boron fertilizer 0.05%, surplus are water, and the summation of above-mentioned each component is
100%；
The Na Shi of the step (8), which trimly sends out mixed liquor, to be grouped as by the group of following mass parts:
Na Shi trimly sends out 50 parts, 50 parts of brown sugar, 3 parts of urea, 500 parts of water.
The concrete operations for assigning insect-sticking plate of the step (9) are as follows:
Yellow sticky trap is assigned by 5~10 pieces/mu in squaring period, to detect insect population generation and advance the speed；
In detecting insect population generation period, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 15~20 pieces/mu；
It is continuously increased period in insect density, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 30~40 pieces/mu, the later period is according to worm plate service condition
Suitably it is replaced.
The concrete operations of the arrangement aphid parasite of the step (9) are as follows:
First is launched when field plant aphid incidence is 5% into bee, injected volume is 200~400/mu；
10 days after launching in first time, second batch is launched into bee, injected volume is 600 or so/mu.
The advantages of present invention has and effect: the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae film side kind provided by the invention for being suitable for frostless area
Planting technology, compared to traditional implantation methods: 1) percentage of seedgermination is more accurately measured, ensures semen viciae fabae emergence rate, meanwhile, it reduces
Planting density saves planting cost, by traditional planting density by 2 × 104Plant/acre, it is reduced to 1 × 104Plant/acre；2) in seed coat agent
Molydbenum fertilizer is added, seedling stage rhizobial growth is promoted, reinforces biological nitrogen fixation, promotes seedling stage plant strain growth, reduces nitrogen application；3) stringent
Plot selection and method of soil preparation are planted, reduces disease, insect pest, freeze injury and the generation of phytotoxicity to a certain extent；4) moisture surface overlay film is protected
Water moisturizing reduces arid, meanwhile, reduce weed growth；5) wheat grown along film sides avoid in film in planting process, because of heat mistake
Production loss caused by mostly, meanwhile, ensure absorption of the plant root to moisture content；6) according to plant different stages of growth needs,
Foliar fertilizer is applied according to the ratio, while increasing Na Shi and trimly sending out mixed liquor, and the elements such as K, P, Mo needed for growth is replenished in time improve light
Efficiency is closed, Nodule Growth is promoted, increases organic synthesis；7) in growing process, solid fertilizer is not applied, reduces soil fertilizer
Material residual, reduces cost input；8) using insect pests such as plant pesticide, aphid parasite prevention and control aphids, Pesticide use rate is reduced, reduces ring
Border pollution, improves agricultural product quality.
The present invention can reduce planting density in a certain range, reduce seed usage amount；Photosynthetic efficiency is improved, is promoted
Branch growth；Highly effective water-keeping moisturizing reduces aridity risk；Conducive to field drainage ventilation, pest and disease damage is reduced；It plants suitablely,
Generation is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature in reduction；Inhibit weed growth, reduce pesticide cost investment, ecological, environmental protective improves product quality；Do sth. in advance agricultural product
Listing increases income.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) fine variety production and processing: the precocious large broad bean seed of kidney bean early 6 is chosen；
1) 130.6 grams of 100-grain weight；
2) selection can harvest the precocious Vicia Faba of fresh pod for after planting 90 days；
3) germination percentage requires to be greater than or equal to 98%.
The germination percentage is prior to seeding, to randomly select 5 parts of seed sample, 100 every part, measure the tool of percentage of seedgermination
Steps are as follows for body:
A, initial point selection: first 10~15 days of sowing randomly selects 5 parts of Broad Bean Seeds, every part randomly selects 100 seeds；
B, the surface of the seed disinfection and swelling: 10~20s of seed is impregnated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, immediately rinses 3 with aqua sterilisa
It is secondary；100 seeds are laid in high-temperature sterilization to cross in the pallet or plate of (121 DEG C, 20min), aqua sterilisa are added, water is with rigid
Just do not had seed to be advisable, place 12 under room temperature (temperature be lower than 25 degrees Celsius)~(the specific time is because of seed size and organic matter for 24 hours
Content is different and different), until seed absorbs water completely, water during which need to be changed with aqua sterilisa and is rinsed 1 time；
C, germination is stood: in sterilized pallet or plate bottom layer overlay sterilizing filter paper or gauze (it is required that being paved with entire bottom
Portion), entire filter paper or gauze are moistened with aqua sterilisa, water can just be flowed freely with moisture to be advisable, and the seed after imbibition is put down
It is laid on thereon, is covered seed with the filter paper or gauze sufficiently to absorb water, pallet or plate are placed in 20 DEG C of constant incubators, often
12h changes water and rinses 1 time, until germination, and bud length is counted to 0.5~1cm or after continuing placement 3~4 days after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Number；
D, the determination effectively germinateed: in the seed sample that 5 parts measure germination percentage, every part randomly selects 20 seeds (then respectively
From putting back to sample interior), amount to 100, measurement bud is long, and calculates the long average L of bud, using the long average of bud as radix, by bud
The seed of length >=0.3L is recorded as effective chitting piece；
E, the calculating of germination percentage: by the above process, effective chitting piece quantity in every part of sample is calculated, and calculate average X, had
Imitating germination percentage is then (X/100) × 100%；
The early 6 variety seeds germination percentages of kidney bean are 99%, meet seed quality safety requirements, can be planted.
(2) seed treatment:
Rainy weather, in first 7~10 days of sowing, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer for being 10g/L by concentration: the Tebuconazole that concentration is 2%: silkworm
The mass ratio of beans seed is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, and dries in the shade use wait sow in time；
(3) plantation field is chosen:
A, crops for rotation select: based on the selection of the dry farming crops for rotation such as corn, flue-cured tobacco, and requiring not plant legume in 1 year；
B, landform selects: tableland, mountainous region and the level land Ba Qu that 1324 meters of height above sea level；
C, frostless planting area is selected, 24 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, periphery is without vegetables flake；
D, soil types: sandy loam；
E, field pesticides service condition: the field of the herbicides such as atrazine, glyphosate was not used in selection；
(4) site preparation and base fertilizer application: after crop of upper season harvest, semen viciae fabae is sowed first 7~10 days, according to soil property and land treatment systems of upper season
Situation plows by native deep 30~40cm, rakes the soil level by soil depth 20cm；
If a, having plowed, having raked the soil level each 1 time before spring plantation, then after spring harvest, semen viciae fabae is planted first 2~3 days, is spread per acre
1~2 ton of farmyard manure is applied, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, is raked the soil level once by soil depth 20cm；
, then should be after spring harvest if b, only raking the soil level 1 time before spring plantation, semen viciae fabae is planted first 4~7 days, it first plows 1 time, dry field
It after 2~4 days, is sowed first 2~3 days in semen viciae fabae, spreads fertilizer over the fields 1~2 ton of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, harrowed by soil depth 20cm
Ground is primary；
(5) plough the first furrow as a guideline: after raking the soil level, by the wide 40cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width 60cm, mechanical ridging is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline；
(6) overlay film and sowing:
A, wide with 60 centimetres before sowing, 0.004 millimeters thick black film mulching moisture surface, centered on moisture surface, moisture surface two sides are respectively covered
10cm mulch is covered, is pressing a blinding press mold apart from film side 5cm；
B, sowed October 7, immediately below mulch side, i.e. moisture surface-ditch joint dig reservoir, pool depth 5cm, the pool away from 13 centimetres,
Every pool monoseeding, seed hilum is placed downward when sowing, gently by burying in, per acre about 1.0~1.1 × 104Strain, mu kind
13.0 kilograms of amount；
(7) it irrigates: after planting, sufficiently being irrigated 1 time with sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation immediately；Florescence, fruiting period, are respectively irrigated 2~3 times；
(8) foliar fertilizer is applied: it is 60~90L application foliar fertilizer by single mu dosage in following period, meanwhile, increase by 30mL/ mus
Mixed liquor is trimly sent out with Na Shi:
A, the florescence applies fertilizer: respectively spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time in early flowering season and full-bloom stage, applies Na Shi trimly clouding by 30mL/ mus of collocation
Close liquid；
B, the pod phase applies fertilizer: picking situation by fresh pod, every harvest fresh pod 2~3 times sprays 1 foliar fertilizer, spray foliar fertilizer 2~3 altogether
It is secondary, mixed liquor is trimly sent out by 30mL/ mus of collocation application Na Shi；
The foliar fertilizer is grouped as by the group of following mass percent:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, molydbenum fertilizer 0.03%, zinc fertilizer 0.03%, boron fertilizer 0.05%, surplus are water, and the summation of above-mentioned each component is
100%；
The Na Shi, which trimly sends out mixed liquor, to be grouped as by the group of following mass parts:
Na Shi trimly sends out 50 parts, 50 parts of brown sugar, 3 parts of urea, 500 parts of water.
(9) pest and disease damage prevention and control:
A, chemical prevention and control: in seedling stage, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1200~1500 times of liquid, 50% Sukeling wettable powder are sprayed
The diseases such as 1500~2000 times of liquid of agent or 75% Bravo wettable powder 500~800 times of liquid control rusts, red spot occur；Spray
It is latent to apply 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment spots of the latent emulsion for cleaning of 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid, 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 25% spot
The insect pests such as fly, aphid occur；In the florescence, applies 0.3% matrine, 1000 times of liquid pest controls and occur, matrine is natural plants
Property pesticide, have the function of desinsection, bactericidal activity and coordinate plant growth, to people and animals low toxicity, it is environmentally protective；
B, physics prevention and control:
1. assigning insect-sticking plate: the more sensitive Yellow sticky trap of the pests such as selection aphid, liriomyza bryoniae and thrips, specification be 25cm ×
30cm hangs on 15cm above plant strain growth point, and constantly adjusts worm plate height according to growing state；Concrete operations are as follows:
Yellow sticky trap is assigned by 5~10 pieces/mu in squaring period, to detect insect population generation and advance the speed；
In detecting insect population generation period, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 15~20 pieces/mu；
It is continuously increased period in insect density, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 30~40 pieces/mu, the later period is according to worm plate service condition
Suitably it is replaced.
2. arranging aphid parasite: to launch at based on bee, mu injected volume is 1000, is during which forbidden to use insecticide pesticide；Tool
Gymnastics is made as follows:
First is launched when field plant aphid incidence is 5% into bee, injected volume is 200~400/mu；
10 days after launching in first time, second batch is launched into bee, injected volume is 600 or so/mu.
(10) tillage and weeding: young plant weeding 1 time；
(11) it picks fresh pod in batches in 1~March of next year, picks 1 time within every 10 days.
Embodiment 2
(1) fine variety production and processing: the precocious large broad bean seed of kidney bean early 8 is chosen；
1) 140 grams of 100-grain weight；
2) selection can harvest the precocious Vicia Faba of fresh pod for after planting 70~100 days；
3) germination percentage requires to be greater than or equal to 98%.
The germination percentage is prior to seeding, to randomly select 5 parts of seed sample, 100 every part, measure the tool of percentage of seedgermination
Steps are as follows for body:
A, initial point selection: first 10~15 days of sowing randomly selects 5 parts of Broad Bean Seeds, every part randomly selects 100 seeds；
B, the surface of the seed disinfection and swelling: 10~20s of seed is impregnated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, immediately rinses 3 with aqua sterilisa
It is secondary；100 seeds are laid in high-temperature sterilization to cross in the pallet or plate of (121 DEG C, 20min), aqua sterilisa are added, water is with rigid
Just do not had seed to be advisable, place 12 under room temperature (temperature be lower than 25 degrees Celsius)~(the specific time is because of seed size and organic matter for 24 hours
Content is different and different), until seed absorbs water completely, water during which need to be changed with aqua sterilisa and is rinsed 1 time；
C, germination is stood: in sterilized pallet or plate bottom layer overlay sterilizing filter paper or gauze (it is required that being paved with entire bottom
Portion), entire filter paper or gauze are moistened with aqua sterilisa, water can just be flowed freely with moisture to be advisable, and the seed after imbibition is put down
It is laid on thereon, is covered seed with the filter paper or gauze sufficiently to absorb water, pallet or plate are placed in 20 DEG C of constant incubators, often
12h changes water and rinses 1 time, until germination, and bud length is counted to 0.5~1cm or after continuing placement 3~4 days after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Number；
D, the determination effectively germinateed: in the seed sample that 5 parts measure germination percentage, every part randomly selects 20 seeds (then respectively
From putting back to sample interior), amount to 100, measurement bud is long, and calculates the long average L of bud, using the long average of bud as radix, by bud
The seed of length >=0.3L is recorded as effective chitting piece；
E, the calculating of germination percentage: by the above process, effective chitting piece quantity in every part of sample is calculated, and calculate average X, had
Imitating germination percentage is then (X/100) × 100%；
98% or more the percentage of seedgermination of kidney bean early 8.
(2) following processing mode seed treatment: is selected according to weather condition:
A, fine, in the sowing same day, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer for being 10g/L by concentration: the Tebuconazole that concentration is 2%: semen viciae fabae kind
The mass ratio of son is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, sows immediately after seed dressing；
B, rainy weather, in preceding 7~10 days of sowing, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer that is 10g/L by concentration: concentration for 2% Tebuconazole:
The mass ratio of Broad Bean Seeds is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, and dries in the shade use wait sow in time；
(3) plantation field is chosen:
A, crops for rotation select: based on the selection of the dry farming crops for rotation such as corn, flue-cured tobacco, and requiring not planting pulse family work in 1~2 year
Object；
B, landform selects: tableland, mountainous region and the level land Ba Qu that 1100~2200 meters of height above sea level；
C, it selects frostless planting area or minimum temperature not less than 5 DEG C and consecutive low temperature is no more than 3 days planting areas, and as far as possible
Avoid vegetables flake periphery plantation in winter；
D, soil types: being advisable with sandy loam, and clay takes second place；
E, field pesticides service condition: the field of the herbicides such as atrazine, glyphosate was not used in selection；
(4) site preparation and base fertilizer application: after crop of upper season harvest, semen viciae fabae is sowed first 7~10 days, according to soil property and land treatment systems of upper season
Situation plows by native deep 30~40cm, rakes the soil level by soil depth 20cm；
If a, having plowed, having raked the soil level each 1 time before spring plantation, then after spring harvest, semen viciae fabae is planted first 2~3 days, is spread per acre
1~2 ton of farmyard manure is applied, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, is raked the soil level once by soil depth 20cm；
, then should be after spring harvest if b, only raking the soil level 1 time before spring plantation, semen viciae fabae is planted first 4~7 days, it first plows 1 time, dry field
It after 2~4 days, is sowed first 2~3 days in semen viciae fabae, spreads fertilizer over the fields 1~2 ton of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, harrowed by soil depth 20cm
Ground is primary；
(5) plough the first furrow as a guideline: after raking the soil level, by the wide 40cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width 60cm, mechanical ridging is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline；
(6) overlay film and sowing:
A, wide with 60 centimetres before sowing, 0.004 millimeters thick black film mulching moisture surface, centered on moisture surface, moisture surface two sides are respectively covered
10cm mulch is covered, is pressing a blinding press mold apart from film side 5cm；
B, sowed in early October, immediately below mulch side, i.e. moisture surface-ditch joint dig reservoir, pool depth 5cm, the pool away from 13 centimetres,
Every pool monoseeding, seed hilum is placed downward when sowing, gently by burying in, per acre about 1.0~1.1 × 104Strain, mu kind
Measure 12.0~16.0 kilograms (different because of kind size)；
(7) it irrigates: after planting, sufficiently being irrigated 1 time with sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation immediately；Florescence, fruiting period, are respectively irrigated 2~3 times；
(8) foliar fertilizer is applied: it is 60~90L application foliar fertilizer by single mu dosage in following period, meanwhile, increase by 30mL/ mus
Mixed liquor is trimly sent out with Na Shi:
A, the florescence applies fertilizer: respectively spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time in early flowering season and full-bloom stage, applies Na Shi trimly clouding by 30mL/ mus of collocation
Close liquid；
B, the pod phase applies fertilizer: picking situation by fresh pod, every harvest fresh pod 2~3 times sprays 1 foliar fertilizer, spray foliar fertilizer 2~3 altogether
It is secondary, mixed liquor is trimly sent out by 30mL/ mus of collocation application Na Shi；
The foliar fertilizer is grouped as by the group of following mass percent:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, molydbenum fertilizer 0.03%, zinc fertilizer 0.03%, boron fertilizer 0.05%, surplus are water, and the summation of above-mentioned each component is
100%；
The Na Shi, which trimly sends out mixed liquor, to be grouped as by the group of following mass parts:
Na Shi trimly sends out 50 parts, 50 parts of brown sugar, 3 parts of urea, 500 parts of water.
(9) pest and disease damage prevention and control:
A, chemical prevention and control: in seedling stage, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1200~1500 times of liquid, 50% Sukeling wettable powder are sprayed
The diseases such as 1500~2000 times of liquid of agent or 75% Bravo wettable powder 500~800 times of liquid control rusts, red spot occur；Spray
It is latent to apply 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment spots of the latent emulsion for cleaning of 90% trichlorphon, 1000 times of liquid, 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 25% spot
The insect pests such as fly, aphid occur；In the florescence, applies 0.3% matrine, 1000 times of liquid pest controls and occur, matrine is natural plants
Property pesticide, have the function of desinsection, bactericidal activity and coordinate plant growth, to people and animals low toxicity, it is environmentally protective；
B, physics prevention and control:
1. assigning insect-sticking plate: the more sensitive Yellow sticky trap of the pests such as selection aphid, liriomyza bryoniae and thrips, specification be 25cm ×
30cm hangs on 15cm above plant strain growth point, and constantly adjusts worm plate height according to growing state；Concrete operations are as follows:
Yellow sticky trap is assigned by 5~10 pieces/mu in squaring period, to detect insect population generation and advance the speed；
In detecting insect population generation period, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 15~20 pieces/mu；
It is continuously increased period in insect density, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 30~40 pieces/mu, the later period is according to worm plate service condition
Suitably it is replaced.
2. arranging aphid parasite: to launch at based on bee, mu injected volume is 1000, is during which forbidden to use insecticide pesticide；Tool
Gymnastics is made as follows:
First is launched when field plant aphid incidence is 5% into bee, injected volume is 200~400/mu；
10 days after launching in first time, second batch is launched into bee, injected volume is 600 or so/mu.
(10) tillage and weeding: young plant weeding 1 time；
(11) it picks fresh pod in batches in 1~March of next year, picks 1 time within every 10 days.
Field test results analysis
1, experimental design and content:
A, experimental design: setting test group and control group, and with the operation of embodiment 1, control group operates test group without a of step (6),
It is planted without film, plot area 10m2(2m × 5m), other experimental conditions are consistent.
B, specific test procedure:
Seed selection: 140 grams or so of kidney bean morning 8(100-grain weight is selected), which, which sows 100 days or so, can harvest fresh pod；Often
Group 150,98% or more percentage of seedgermination, consistency is good, without broken grain, empty grain, no infected seed.
Seed treatment: water-soluble by 0.1:1:100(10g/L with 2% Tebuconazole, 10g/L water solubility molydbenum fertilizer before sowing
Molydbenum fertilizer, 2% Tebuconazole, Broad Bean Seeds ratio) Dressing, and dry in the shade used wait sow in time.
Field is tested to choose:
1) crops for rotation select: selection corn crops for rotation, and do not plant pulse family work in 1 year；
2) landform selects: the tableland of height above sea level 1324m；
3) growing area is frostless kind of area, and 24 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, periphery is without vegetables flake；
4) soil types: sandy loam；
5) field pesticides service condition: rust was not used upper season and removes the herbicides such as saliva, glyphosate.
Site preparation and base fertilizer application: selected field has plowed, has raked the soil level each 1 time before spring plants.Therefore, it is received in spring
After obtaining, semen viciae fabae is planted first 3 days, is spread fertilizer over the fields 1 ton of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, is raked the soil level once by soil depth 20cm；
Plough the first furrow as a guideline: after raking the soil level, by the wide 40cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width 60cm, mechanical ridging is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline.
Overlay film and sowing:
1) before sowing, wide with 60 centimetres, 0.004 millimeters thick black film mulching moisture surface, centered on moisture surface, moisture surface two sides are respectively covered
10cm or so mulch is covered, is pressing a blinding press mold apart from film side 5cm or so；
2) it was sowed October 7, immediately below mulch side, i.e. moisture surface-ditch joint dig reservoir, pool depth 5cm or so, the pool is away from 13 lis
Rice, every pool monoseeding, seed hilum is placed downward when sowing, gently by burying in, about 1.0-1.1 × 104 plant, mu are used per acre
14.0 kilograms of kind amount.
It irrigates: after planting, sufficiently being irrigated 1 time with sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation immediately；Florescence, fruiting period, are respectively irrigated 2-3 times.
Foliar fertilizer application: it is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, molydbenum fertilizer 0.03%, zinc fertilizer 0.03%, boron that foliar fertilizer, which matches (mass ratio),
Fertilizer 0.05%, single mu dosage are 60-90L；Meanwhile brown sugar+Na Shi is added by 30ml/ mus and trimly sends out mixed liquor, specific formula
Are as follows: Na Shi trimly sends out 50g+ brown sugar 50g+ urea 3g+ water 500g.1) florescence applies fertilizer: respectively spraying blade face in early flowering season and full-bloom stage
Fertilizer 1 time, using ground spray irrigation system as carrier, during sprinkling irrigation, prepared foliar fertilizer is uniformly added into spray irrigation system；2)
The fertilising of pod phase: situation is picked by fresh pod, every harvest fresh pod 2-3 times sprays 1 foliar fertilizer, spray altogether foliar fertilizer 2-3 times.
Pest and disease damage prevention and control: 1) chemical prevention and control: in seedling stage, the 1200-1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment of 50% carbendazol wettable powder is sprayed
The diseases such as rust, red spot occur, the latent net cream of 90% 1000 times of trichlorphon liquid, 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid, 25% spot
The insect pests such as oil 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment liriomyza bryoniaes, aphids occur；In the florescence, applies 0.3% matrine, 1000 times of liquid pest controls and occur
(matrine is Study of Natural Plant Pesticides, has the function of desinsection, bactericidal activity and coordinate plant growth, to people and animals' low toxicity, green ring
It protects).2) physics prevention and control: insect-sticking plate is assigned: the more sensitive Yellow sticky trap of the pests such as selection aphid, liriomyza bryoniae and thrips, rule
Lattice are 25cm*30cm, hang on 15cm or so above plant strain growth point, and worm plate height is constantly adjusted according to growing state.Tool
Gymnastics is made:
Yellow sticky trap is assigned by 5-10 piece/mu in squaring period, to detect insect population generation and advance the speed；
In detecting insect population generation period, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 15-20 piece/mu；
It is continuously increased period in insect density, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 30-40 piece/mu, the later period is according to worm plate service condition
Suitably it is replaced.
Tillage and weeding: young plant weeding 1 time
Carry out field mid-February next year and surveys production work.
2, test result analysis and analysis
As shown in table 1: the relatively control of test group material plant height improves 9.93%；Single-strain legumen number, single-strain grain number, Grain number per pod successively mention
High 6.28%, 16.09%, 8.18%；Pod is long to increase by 6.93%；Fresh seed 100-grain weight increases by 17.47%；Single plant Fresh pod yield increases
28.01%.By per acre 1.0 × 104Strain calculates, and Fresh pod yield is than 400.2 kilograms of control group increase per acre for test group, by unit price 2.0
Member/kilogram calculating, increases by 800.4 yuan of the output value per acre.
。
Claims (7)
1. a kind of precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) fine variety production and processing: the precocious large broad bean seed of kidney bean series is chosen；
(2) following processing mode seed treatment: is selected according to weather condition:
A, fine, in the sowing same day, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer for being 10g/L by concentration: the Tebuconazole that concentration is 2%: semen viciae fabae kind
The mass ratio of son is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, sows immediately after seed dressing；
B, rainy weather, in preceding 7~10 days of sowing, the water-soluble molydbenum fertilizer that is 10g/L by concentration: concentration for 2% Tebuconazole:
The mass ratio of Broad Bean Seeds is 0.1:1:100, carries out Dressing, and dries in the shade use wait sow in time；
(3) plantation field is chosen:
A, crops for rotation select: based on the selection of the dry farming crops for rotation such as corn, flue-cured tobacco, and requiring not planting pulse family work in 1~2 year
Object；
B, landform selects: tableland, mountainous region and the level land Ba Qu that 1100~2200 meters of height above sea level；
C, it selects frostless planting area or minimum temperature not less than 5 DEG C and consecutive low temperature is no more than 3 days planting areas, and as far as possible
Avoid vegetables flake periphery plantation in winter；
D, soil types: being advisable with sandy loam, and clay takes second place；
E, field pesticides service condition: the field of herbicide was not used in selection；
(4) site preparation and base fertilizer application: after crop of upper season harvest, semen viciae fabae is sowed first 7~10 days, according to soil property and land treatment systems of upper season
Situation plows by native deep 30~40cm, rakes the soil level by soil depth 20cm；
If a, having plowed, having raked the soil level each 1 time before spring plantation, then after spring harvest, semen viciae fabae is planted first 2~3 days, is spread per acre
1~2 ton of farmyard manure is applied, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, is raked the soil level once by soil depth 20cm；
, then should be after spring harvest if b, only raking the soil level 1 time before spring plantation, semen viciae fabae is planted first 4~7 days, it first plows 1 time, dry field
It after 2~4 days, is sowed first 2~3 days in semen viciae fabae, spreads fertilizer over the fields 1~2 ton of farmyard manure per acre, 30 kilograms of general calcium, then, harrowed by soil depth 20cm
Ground is primary；
(5) plough the first furrow as a guideline: after raking the soil level, by the wide 40cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width 60cm, mechanical ridging is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline；
(6) overlay film and sowing:
A, wide with 60 centimetres before sowing, 0.004 millimeters thick black film mulching moisture surface, centered on moisture surface, moisture surface two sides are respectively covered
10cm mulch is covered, is pressing a blinding press mold apart from film side 5cm；
B, sowed in early October, immediately below mulch side, i.e. moisture surface-ditch joint dig reservoir, pool depth 5cm, the pool away from 13 centimetres,
Every pool monoseeding, seed hilum is placed downward when sowing, gently by burying in, per acre about 1.0~1.1 × 104Strain, mu kind
12.0~16.0 kilograms of amount；
(7) it irrigates: after planting, sufficiently being irrigated 1 time with sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation immediately；Florescence, fruiting period, are respectively irrigated 2~3 times；
(8) foliar fertilizer is applied: it is 60~90L application foliar fertilizer by single mu dosage in following period, meanwhile, increase by 30mL/ mus
Mixed liquor is trimly sent out with Na Shi:
A, the florescence applies fertilizer: respectively spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time in early flowering season and full-bloom stage, applies Na Shi trimly clouding by 30mL/ mus of collocation
Close liquid；
B, the pod phase applies fertilizer: picking situation by fresh pod, every harvest fresh pod 2~3 times sprays 1 foliar fertilizer, spray foliar fertilizer 2~3 altogether
It is secondary, mixed liquor is trimly sent out by 30mL/ mus of collocation application Na Shi；
(9) pest and disease damage prevention and control:
A, chemical prevention and control: in seedling stage, 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1200~1500 times of liquid, 50% Sukeling wettable powder are sprayed
500~800 times of liquid control rusts of 1500~2000 times of liquid of agent or 75% Bravo wettable powder, red spot disease occur；It sprays
1500 times of liquid prevention and treatment liriomyza bryoniaes of the latent emulsion for cleaning of 90% 1000 times of trichlorphon liquid, 2.5% time missible oil, 4000 times of liquid or 25% spot,
Aphid insect pest occurs；In the florescence, applies 0.3% matrine, 1000 times of liquid pest controls and occur；
B, physics prevention and control:
1. assigning insect-sticking plate: the more sensitive Yellow sticky trap of the pests such as selection aphid, liriomyza bryoniae and thrips, specification be 25cm ×
30cm hangs on 15cm above plant strain growth point, and constantly adjusts worm plate height according to growing state；
2. arranging aphid parasite: to launch at based on bee, mu injected volume is 1000, is during which forbidden to use insecticide pesticide；
(10) tillage and weeding: young plant weeding 1 time；
(11) it picks fresh pod in batches in 1~March of next year, picks 1 time within every 10 days.
2. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 1 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The precocious large broad bean seed of selection kidney bean series of the step (1) need to meet following condition:
1) 100-grain weight >=120 gram；
2) selection can harvest the precocious Vicia Faba of fresh pod for after planting 70~100 days；
3) germination percentage requires to be greater than or equal to 98%.
3. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 2 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The germination percentage is prior to seeding, to randomly select 5 parts of seed sample, 100 every part, measure the specific steps of percentage of seedgermination such as
Under:
A, initial point selection: first 10~15 days of sowing randomly selects 5 parts of Broad Bean Seeds, every part randomly selects 100 seeds；
B, the surface of the seed disinfection and swelling: 10~20s of seed is impregnated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, immediately rinses 3 with aqua sterilisa
It is secondary；100 seeds are laid in the pallet or plate that high-temperature sterilization is crossed, aqua sterilisa is added, water was there not to be seed just
Preferably, at room temperature place 12~for 24 hours, until seed absorb water completely, during which need to be changed with aqua sterilisa water flushing 1 time；
C, it stands germination: in sterilized pallet or plate bottom layer overlay sterilizing filter paper or gauze, being moistened with aqua sterilisa whole
A filter paper or gauze, water can just be flowed freely with moisture to be advisable, thereon by the seed tiling after imbibition, with abundant water suction
Filter paper or gauze seed is covered, pallet or plate are placed in 20 DEG C of constant incubators, every 12h change water rinse 1 time, until
Germination, and bud length is counted to 0.5~1cm or after continuing placement 3~4 days after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
D, the determination effectively germinateed: in the seed sample that 5 parts measure germination percentage, every part randomly selects 20 seeds, amounts to 100
Grain, measurement bud is long, and calculates the long average L of bud and be recorded as the seed of bud length >=0.3L effectively using the long average of bud as radix
Chitting piece；
E, the calculating of germination percentage: by the above process, effective chitting piece quantity in every part of sample is calculated, and calculate average X, had
Imitating germination percentage is then (X/100) × 100%.
4. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 1 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The foliar fertilizer of the step (8) is grouped as by the group of following mass percent:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, molydbenum fertilizer 0.03%, zinc fertilizer 0.03%, boron fertilizer 0.05%, surplus are water, and the summation of above-mentioned each component is
100%。
5. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 1 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The Na Shi of the step (8), which trimly sends out mixed liquor, to be grouped as by the group of following mass parts:
Na Shi trimly sends out 50 parts, 50 parts of brown sugar, 3 parts of urea, 500 parts of water.
6. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 1 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The concrete operations for assigning insect-sticking plate of the step (9) are as follows:
Yellow sticky trap is assigned by 5~10 pieces/mu in squaring period, to detect insect population generation and advance the speed；
In detecting insect population generation period, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 15~20 pieces/mu；
It is continuously increased period in insect density, insect-sticking plate density is increased into 30~40 pieces/mu, the later period is according to worm plate service condition
Suitably it is replaced.
7. the precocious fresh food autumn semen viciae fabae wheat grown along film sides method according to claim 1 for being suitable for frostless area, it is characterised in that:
The concrete operations of the arrangement aphid parasite of the step (9) are as follows:
First is launched when field plant aphid incidence is 5% into bee, injected volume is 200~400/mu；
10 days after launching in first time, second batch is launched into bee, injected volume is 600 or so/mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112262723A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-01-26 | 青海省农林科学院 | Whole-course biological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of broad beans |
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| CN112262723A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-01-26 | 青海省农林科学院 | Whole-course biological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of broad beans |
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