CN112262723B - Whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests. The invention adopts a whole-course biological prevention and control method, the prevention and control effects on soil insects, aphids, red spot, root rot and fusarium wilt are all over 70 percent, and the prevention and control effects are equal to or higher than chemical pesticides, and the method is used as a green prevention and control method for organic agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop plant protection, and particularly discloses a full-course biological prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of spring broad beans.
Background
Broad beans are one of legume crops cultivated by human beings earliest, more than 40 countries are planted in the world, the broad beans are concentrated on the coast of the black sea and the Mediterranean, more than 40 cultivars are planted in China, and the yield in the 50 th century is the first of the world, and the annual yield is more than 30 hundred million kilograms. Can be used as grain flour to make cake and snack. When tender, the seeds of the new vegetables or feeds contain 22.35 percent of protein, 43 percent of starch and broad beans, which are important export foreign exchange agricultural products, and the new vegetables or feeds have multiple purposes in the cultivation system, namely, the rotation of bean crops and other crops is beneficial to increasing the nitrogen content in soil, and the new vegetables or feeds belong to economic income-increasing crops.
The method is beneficial to 30 villages in the main broad bean planting areas of Qinghai province in China, such as mutually assisted county, civil and county, co-summed county, jun county, ledu county, ping-an county, hualong county and Cheng county, but the method is low in field control efficiency and excessive in pesticide residue, and seriously affects the quality and quality of broad beans due to long-term use of chemical pesticides in most areas for controlling the diseases and the pests. For a long time, irreversible pollution is caused to the land and the environment, so that a method for biological prevention and control in the whole process is needed to replace the original method with higher pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a whole-course biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans, which takes the cultivation management period of the broad beans as a main line, and aims at the main disease, insect and pest types of the broad beans and key prevention and control nodes to prevent and control biological pesticides in the whole course, so that the broad bean diseases and insect pests can be safely and efficiently prevented and controlled, and the problems of pesticide residues and environmental pollution can be solved.
The invention provides a whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: seed dressing with biological pesticide and trace element water-soluble fertilizer and sowing at the beginning of 3-4 months;
the biological pesticide is one of metarhizium anisopliae WP, pyrethrin EC with mass fraction of 5%, berberine WP with mass fraction of 10% and bacillus subtilis WP;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in late 6 th, 0.5% veratrine SL diluted 400 times or 0.3% matrine AS diluted 400 times are selected for foliage spray to prevent and treat aphid 1-2 times or alternatively used;
s3, erythromelasis occurrence period: in the late 6 months, 10 mass percent of berberine WP is diluted 800 times or 500 times of bacillus subtilis WP is diluted for 1-2 times of foliar spray prevention and treatment of the red spot of broad beans, or the berberine WP and the bacillus subtilis WP are alternately used;
s4, wilt occurrence period: in the middle and upper 7 months, the leaf surface spray is performed for preventing and treating the broad bean wilt 1-2 times by diluting the trichoderma harzianum WP 600 times or the paenibacillus polymyxa WP 600 times, or the two are used alternately.
Preferably, in S1, the seed dressing dosage ratio of the biological pesticide, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer and the broad bean seeds is 10-12g:6.7-7mL:1000g.
Preferably, in S2, the usage amount of each biopesticide in the aphid occurrence period is as follows: 35-40 g/mu of veratrine SL 400-fold diluent and 35-40 g/mu of matrine AS 400-fold diluent.
Preferably, in S3, the amounts of each pesticide in the erythro-leaf spot occurrence period are: 18-22 g/mu of berberine WP 800-fold diluent and 25-35 g/mu of bacillus subtilis WP 500-fold diluent.
Preferably, in S4, the amounts of each pesticide in the wilt occurrence period are: trichoderma harzianum WP 600-fold diluent of 20-30 g/mu and Paenibacillus polymyxa WP 600-fold diluent of 20-30 g/mu.
Preferably, in the step S1, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer is humic acid and earthworm protein.
Preferably, in S1-S3, the metarhizium anisopliae is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g, and the bacillus subtilis contains 1000 hundred million spores/g.
Preferably, in S4, the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million viable spores/g.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the whole-course biological prevention and control method for the plant diseases and insect pests of the broad beans has the prevention and control effects on underground pests, aphids, red spot disease, root rot disease and fusarium wilt disease of over 70 percent, and the prevention and control effects are equal to or higher than chemical pesticides. The whole characteristics are as follows: safe, efficient, economical and standardized.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Preliminarily determines the feasibility of the whole-course biological prevention and control
1. Investigation of disease and insect pest species in Qinghai province broad bean field
The investigation of the plant diseases and insect pests in the main broad bean planting area of Qinghai province was conducted, specifically, the investigation of 30 villages in the county of the mutual aid, the civil sum, the co-sum, the middle county, the large-scale prefecture, the source county, the Ledu county, the peace county, the Hualong county and the circulating county and the experimental base of the agricultural academy of Qinghai province in the main broad bean planting area of Qinghai province, the investigation area covers the main ecological area (Sichuan water, shallow mountain and mountain) of Qinghai province, and the investigation results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 table for statistics of disease investigation categories in broad bean fields in Qinghai province
TABLE 2 statistical table of insect pest investigation categories in broad bean fields in Qinghai province
As shown in table 1 and table 2, the investigation results show that the main diseases and insect pests of the broad beans in Qinghai province have 15 kinds of leaf scald disease, virus disease, red spot disease, root rot disease, defoliation disease, alternaria leaf spot disease, lilac, thrips, lygus lucorum, lepidoptera larva, aphid, leaf miner, root nodule image and stem borer; the average plant pest rate of the main insect pests is 0.35% of lilac daphne, 12.06% of thrips, 1.26% of lygus, 0.32% of lepidoptera larva, 6.23% of aphid, 3.32% of leaf miner larva and 0.94 head/m of grub 2 The average incidence and severity of major diseases of cutworm 0.36% are ring spot (1.87%, 0.35), viral disease (2.9%), red spot (27.55%, 10.77), alternaria leaf spot (15%, 6.45), defoliation (12.75%), leaf back smooth red spot (12%), rust (6.03%, 0.65).
2. Research on prevention effect of biological pesticide on plant diseases and insect pests
(1) Effect of biopesticide seed treatment on safety of broad bean emergence
The common pests in the field of broad beans in Qinghai province include aphids, grubs, red spot, wilt and the like, and Tian Manfeng (the number of green muscardine fungi and the like is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g) WP, bacillus thuringiensis WP, 5% pyrethrin EC, 10% berberine WP, bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP, paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP and trace element water-soluble fertilizer are selected as candidate medicaments; 50% carbendazim WP is the control chemical; the clear water treatment is used as a blank control, and a seed treatment experiment of biological pesticides for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests is carried out in an academy of sciences test field. After 41 days of sowing, the emergence rate and the seedling condition were investigated to evaluate the safety and the control effect, and the results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Effect of biopesticide seed treatment on safety of broad bean emergence
The line length is 3m; (2) the emergence rate is calculated according to the sowing base, and 20 seeds are sown in each row (3 m); the variety of the broad beans is Qinghai No. 14; plant spacing 15cm, row spacing 25cm; sowing quantity: 17.0kg seeds/mu; repeating the treatment for 3 times, wherein the total number of the cells is 36, and the area of each cell is 20 square meters; the data in the table are all average values of 3 replicates; treatments 1-4 are soil pest control experiments; treatment 5-7 is a broad bean red spot disease prevention and treatment experiment; treatments 8-11 are broad bean wilt prevention and treatment experiments; treatment 12 was a fresh water control group. 5 lines of investigation statistics are randomly taken from each cell; the different lower case letters after the same column of data represent a significant difference at the 0.05 level.
As can be seen from Table 3, each treatment had no obvious effect on the emergence of the broad bean seeds, and the seedlings were good in growth vigor and had no obvious phytotoxicity. The CK emergence rate of the clear water control group is 86.67%, the emergence rates of treatment 5 (10% berberine wp+trace element water-soluble fertilizer) and treatment 11 (5% pyrethrin EC) are 61.00% and 69.00% respectively, which are significantly lower than those of the control group, and the reason is probably that the emergence rate is reduced due to the over-thin soil in the sowing process. The emergence rates of the other treatment groups and the control group are not significantly different; the strain height of CK in the clear water control group is 13.93cm, and the strain heights of the treatment group and the control group are not significantly different. The biological agent seed dressing is not harmful to the growth and development of the seedling broad beans.
(2) Biological pesticide seed dressing for preventing and treating red spot disease of broad beans
Seed dressing treatments 5 (10% berberine WP + trace element water soluble fertilizer), 6 (bacillus subtilis WP + trace element water soluble fertilizer) and 7 (50% carbendazim WP) were studied on 7 and 6 days 2019, and the results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 test of efficacy of biopesticide seed dressing on prevention of Alternaria alternata
As can be seen from Table 4, the disease index of the red spot disease in each treatment area is obviously lower than that of the control group, wherein the control effect of the berberine seed dressing treatment on the red spot disease is 24.07%, the control effect of the bacillus subtilis seed dressing treatment on the red spot disease is 31.48%, and the control effect of the carbendazim seed dressing treatment on the red spot disease is 27.77%, so that the incidence rate of the red spot disease can be obviously reduced by the biological pesticide seed dressing treatment, and a certain control effect is shown.
(3) Research on prevention and treatment efficacy of biological pesticide on aphids
The biological agents of 0.5% veratrine SL, 0.3% matrine AS, 0.3% chinaberry extract SL and 0.4% osthole SL are selected for 400 times dilution to test, and the control effect on bean aphid is investigated, and the results are shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 test of aphid control efficacy of biopesticide
As can be seen from Table 5, the control effect of the 4 biological agents on aphids is very remarkable. The 0.5% veratrine SL, 0.3% matrine AS, 0.3% chinaberry essence SL and 0.4% osthole SL 4 biological pesticides have good prevention effect on the broad bean aphids.
(4) Research on biological pesticide control of broad bean wilt
Bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) WP, 10% berberine WP and trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million viable spores/gram) WP are selected as treatment groups, clear water treatment is used as a control group, and the prevention effect is shown in Table 6:
table 6 test of efficacy of biopesticide for controlling wilt
As shown in Table 6, the leaf surface spray is used for preventing and treating the broad bean wilt, the prevention effect of bacillus subtilis is 67.27%, the prevention effect of berberine is 71.27%, the prevention effect of Trichoderma harzianum is 68.02% after 7 days of spraying, and the prevention effect of each treatment has no obvious difference; the control effect of bacillus subtilis after 14 days of spraying the pesticide is 84.52%, the control effect of berberine is 87.11%, the control effect of trichoderma harzianum is 86.01%, and no obvious difference exists between the control effects of the treatments. As can be seen, the biological pesticides of bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, 10% berberine WP and Trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores/g) WP 3 have good control effects on the wilt of broad beans.
(5) Biological pesticide for preventing and treating red spot disease of broad beans
10% berberine WP, bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) WP and a mixture of the two were selected as treatment groups, and clear water treatment was used as a control group, and the results are shown in Table 7:
table 7 test of efficacy of biopesticide for controlling Alternaria alternata
As shown in Table 7, the foliar spray is used for preventing and treating the red spot of broad beans, the preventing effect of bacillus subtilis is 54.59%, the preventing effect of berberine is 52.97%, the preventing effect of the berberine and the berberine is 55.90%, and the preventing effect of the berberine and the berberine is not obviously different after the spraying for 7 days; the control effect of bacillus subtilis after 14 days of spraying is 77.52%, the control effect of berberine is 74.99%, the control effect of the mixture of the two is 75.98%, and the control effects of the treatments have no obvious difference. It can be seen that bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP, 10% berberine WP and the mixture of the two have good prevention effect on the red spot disease of broad beans.
The data show that the biological agent effectively controls the occurrence and growth of aphids, red spot and fusarium wilt; the yield of the biological agent treatment is slightly higher than that of other treatments, so that the biological pesticide is used for preventing and controlling main diseases and insect pests in Qinghai province in the whole process.
Example 2
A whole-course biological prevention and control method for broad bean diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: seed dressing treatment is carried out by using destruxin (more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g) WP and trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 10g to 6.7mL to 1000g from 3 months to 4 months;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in the middle ten days of 6 months, 0.5% veratrine SL is selected for dilution 400 times for foliar spray control of aphids for 2 times, and the application amount of each mu of land is 35g;
s3, erythromelasis occurrence period: in the late 6 months, 10 mass percent of berberine WP is diluted 800 times for 2 times of foliar spray prevention and treatment of the red spot disease of broad beans, and the application amount of each mu of land is 18g;
s4, wilt occurrence period: in the last ten days of 7 months, the leaf surface spray is performed for preventing and controlling the wilt of broad beans by diluting the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) WP by 600 times, and the application amount of each mu of land is 20g.
Example 3
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: seed dressing treatment is carried out at the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months by using pyrethrin EC with mass fraction of 5% and trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 10g to 6.8mL to 1000g;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in the middle ten days of 6 months, matrine AS with the mass fraction of 0.3% is selected to be diluted 400 times for foliar spray for controlling aphids for 2 times, and the application amount of each mu of land is 35g;
s3, erythromelasis occurrence period: in the late 6 months, the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP is diluted by 500 times to carry out foliar spray for preventing and treating the red spot disease of broad beans for 2 times, and the application amount of each mu of the foliar spray is 25g;
s4, wilt occurrence period: in the last ten days of 7 months, the foliar spray is carried out for preventing and treating the wilt of broad beans by diluting with the WP of Paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) for 600 times, and the application amount of each mu of the foliar spray is 20g.
Example 4
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: at the beginning of 3 months to 4 months, mixing the berberine WP with the mass fraction of 10% and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 11g to 6.9mL to 1000g;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in the middle ten days of 6 months, diluting 400 times with 0.5% veratrine SL by mass fraction to prevent and treat aphids by foliar spray for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 35g, and then diluting 400 times with 0.3% matrine AS to prevent and treat aphids by foliar spray for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 35g;
s3, erythromelasis occurrence period: in the late 6 months, 10 mass percent of berberine WP is diluted 800 times to carry out foliar spray for 1 time, the application amount is 18g, then the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP is diluted 500 times to carry out foliar spray for 1 time, the application amount is 25g, and the red spot disease of broad beans is prevented and treated;
s4, wilt occurrence period: in the middle and upper ten days of 7 months, the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to carry out foliar spray control of the broad bean wilt 1 time, the application amount is 20g, and then the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to carry out foliar spray control of the broad bean wilt 1 time, and the application amount is 20g.
Example 5
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is that:
in S2, the application amount of veratrine SL diluted 400 times per mu is 37.5g;
s3, diluting the berberine WP by 800 times, wherein the application amount of the berberine WP is 20g per mu;
in S4, the application amount of the WP of the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) diluted 600 times per mu is 25g.
Example 6
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 5, and the difference is that:
in S2, the application amount of veratrine SL diluted 400 times per mu is 40g;
s3, diluting the berberine WP by 800 times, wherein the application amount of each mu of the berberine WP is 22g;
in S4, the application amount of the WP of the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) diluted 600 times per mu is 30g.
Example 7
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 3, and the difference is that:
in S2, the matrine AS is diluted 400 times, and the application amount of the matrine AS is 37.5g each mu;
in S3, the WP of the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) is diluted 500 times, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 30g per mu each time;
in S4, the Paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP was diluted 600-fold and applied 25g per mu.
Example 8
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and the difference is that:
in S2, the matrine AS is diluted 400 times, and the application amount of the matrine AS is 40g per mu each time;
in S3, the WP of the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/gram) is diluted 500 times, and the application amount of the bacillus subtilis is 35g per mu;
in S4, the Paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU/g) WP was diluted 600-fold and applied 30g per mu.
Example 9
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 4, and the difference is that:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: seed dressing treatment is carried out on the bacillus subtilis WP and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer according to the dosage ratio of 12g to 7mL to 1000g from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in the middle ten days of 6 months, diluting 400 times with 0.5% veratrine SL by mass fraction to prevent and treat aphids by foliar spray, wherein the application amount is 37.5g, and then diluting 400 times with 0.3% matrine AS by mass fraction to prevent and treat aphids by foliar spray 1 time, and the application amount is 37.5g;
s3, erythromelasis occurrence period: in the late 6 months, 10 mass percent of berberine WP is diluted 800 times to carry out foliar spray for 1 time, the application amount is 20g, then the bacillus subtilis (1000 hundred million spores/g) WP is diluted 500 times to carry out foliar spray for 1 time, the application amount is 30g, and the red spot disease of broad beans is prevented and treated;
s4, wilt occurrence period: in the middle and upper ten days of 7 months, the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to carry out foliar spray control of the broad bean wilt 1 time, the application amount is 25g, and then the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to carry out foliar spray control of the broad bean wilt 1 time, and the application amount is 25g.
Example 10
The whole biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of broad beans is basically the same as that of the embodiment 9, and the difference is that:
in S2, the veratrine SL is diluted 400 times to carry out foliar spray for controlling aphids for 1 time, the application amount is 40g, the matrine AS is diluted 400 times to carry out foliar spray for controlling aphids for 1 time, and the application amount is 40g;
s3, diluting the berberine WP 800 times for 1 time, wherein the application amount is 22g, diluting the berberine WP 500 times for 1 time, and the application amount is 35g, so as to prevent and treat the red spot of broad beans;
in S4, the trichoderma harzianum (more than or equal to 2 hundred million live spores per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to perform foliar spray for controlling the broad bean wilt 1 time, the application amount is 30g, the paenibacillus polymyxa (10 hundred million CFU per gram) WP is diluted 600 times to perform foliar spray for controlling the broad bean wilt 1 time, and the application amount is 30g.
Taking examples 2-4 as an example, the effects of examples 2-4 on the yield and quality of broad beans after treatment with a chemical pesticide, 50% carbendazim WP (15+500) and 10% imidacloprid WP, were compared with the clear water treated blank (CK), and the results are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 yield and quality of Vicia faba obtained by the Whole-process biocontrol methods of examples 2-4
As can be seen from Table 8, the whole-course biological control method of the broad bean diseases and insect pests of the invention has 4300kg/hm of broad bean yield compared with conventional control and chemical pesticide control 2 The chemical pesticide treatment group yield was 4500kg/hm 2 The biological prevention and control treatment group constant is 4800-4875kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The weights of the control group, the chemical pesticide treatment group and the biological prevention and control treatment group are respectively 16.68g, 17.05g and 17.58g-18.53g; the pure grain rates of the control group, the chemical pesticide treatment group and the biological prevention and control treatment group are 93.75%, 95.00%, 95.80% and 96.35% respectively. The whole-course biological pesticide treatment can improve the yield and quality of broad beans, and the yield is slightly higher than that of control and conventional chemical pesticide prevention and control.
In this application, WP, EC, SL, AS is a dosage form commonly used by those skilled in the art, wherein WP represents a wettable powder, EC represents an emulsifiable concentrate, SL represents a soluble liquid, and AS represents an aqueous solution.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The whole-course biological prevention and control method for the diseases and insect pests of the broad beans is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, prevention and control of sowing time: seed dressing is carried out by using a biological pesticide and a trace element water-soluble fertilizer at the beginning of 3 months to 4 months, and then sowing is carried out, wherein the seed dressing dosage ratio of the biological pesticide to the trace element water-soluble fertilizer to the broad bean seeds is 10-12g:6.7-7mL:1000g;
the biological pesticide is one of metarhizium anisopliae WP, pyrethrin EC with mass fraction of 5%, berberine WP with mass fraction of 10% and bacillus subtilis WP;
s2, aphid occurrence period prevention and control: in late middle 6 th, 0.5% veratrine SL dilution 400 times and 0.3% matrine AS dilution 400 times are selected for foliage spray to control aphid 1-2 times, and the two are used alternately;
the dosage of each biological pesticide in the aphid generation period is as follows: 35-40 g/mu of veratrine SL 400-fold diluent and 35-40 g/mu of matrine AS 400-fold diluent;
s3, prevention and control of erythromelas occurrence period: in the late 6 months, 10 mass percent of berberine WP is diluted 800 times and 500 times of bacillus subtilis WP is diluted for 1-2 times, and the berberine WP and the bacillus subtilis WP are alternately used for preventing and treating the red spot of broad beans by foliar spray;
the dosage of each pesticide in the erythromelasma occurrence period is as follows: 18-22 g/mu of berberine WP 800-fold diluent and 25-35 g/mu of bacillus subtilis WP 500-fold diluent;
s4, prevention and control of the occurrence period of the fusarium wilt: in the middle and upper ten days of 7 months, the leaf surface spraying is carried out for preventing and treating the broad bean wilt 1-2 times by diluting the trichoderma harzianum WP by 600 times and the paenibacillus polymyxa WP by 600 times, and the trichoderma harzianum WP and the paenibacillus polymyxa WP are alternately used;
the pesticide dosage in the wilt disease occurrence period is as follows: trichoderma harzianum WP 600-fold diluent of 20-30 g/mu and Paenibacillus polymyxa WP 600-fold diluent of 20-30 g/mu.
2. The whole-course biological control method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer is humic acid and earthworm protein.
3. The whole-course biological prevention and control method according to claim 1, wherein in S1-S3, the metarhizium anisopliae is more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g, and the bacillus subtilis contains 1000 hundred million spores/g.
4. The whole-course biological control method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 2 hundred million viable spores/g.
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