CN108496459A - A kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496459A CN108496459A CN201810171278.3A CN201810171278A CN108496459A CN 108496459 A CN108496459 A CN 108496459A CN 201810171278 A CN201810171278 A CN 201810171278A CN 108496459 A CN108496459 A CN 108496459A
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- vernalization
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of broad bean matrix seeding cultivating method, and this method comprises the following steps：Seed soaking and disinfection, sabot and sowing, low-temperature treatment library disc stack, low temperature vernalization treatment, nursery, field planting.This method application matrix cultivates vernalization seedling, compared with original bud handles vernalization method, reduce murder by poisoning of the stickum to broad bean in processing procedure, reduce broad bean sprout damage, emergence rate improves 5% or more, rice shoot fresh weight increases by 10% or more, and rice shoot dry weight increases by 3% or more, substantially increases seedling quality.Compared with original seedling handles vernalization method, process is simplified, low, the easy dead seedling that solves the problems, such as root activity.Planting percent improves 15% or more, and incidence reduces by 15% or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to broad bean field of planting more particularly to a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating methods.
Background technology
" vernalization " refers to plant and is subjected to the consecutive low temperature of a period of time and could be transferred to reproductive phase by vegetative growth phase
The phenomenon that growth.Most of winter habits are annual or biennial plant all has to pass through in its Seed sprouting phase or nutrient growth initial stage
The consecutive low temperature of regular period can just blossom and bear fruit.
The vernalization treatment technology of current broad bean, can be divided into two kinds of bud low-temperature treatment and seedling low-temperature treatment.CN102652484B
It is bud low-temperature treatment to disclose a kind of " fresh food broad bean vernalization treatment method ", and concrete operations are seed after seed soaking, are packed into
It is eluriated with clear water in plastics basket, covers double gauze, after vernalization 3 days, be transferred in 6~7 DEG C of refrigerators or freezer low temperature environment and carry out
Vernalization treatment 20 days, since seed is stacked in a humidity environment for a long time, is also easy to produce harmful substance and leads in bud processing procedure
Cause broad bean tacky, easy damaged broad bean tender shoots in seeding process.CN102907236B discloses one kind " at broad bean sprout the Miaos' work vernalization
Reason method " belongs to a kind of mode of seedling low-temperature treatment, and concrete operations are：Seedling is first cultivated in sandy loam, when seedling will up to 5~7cm
Sprout is removed from seedbed, is put into plastic box and is covered plastic film and is placed 5~35 days in 0~15 DEG C of growth cabinet,
In seedling processing procedure, seedling removes from seedbed has injury to root, along with broad bean seedling is stored for a long time at low temperature, certainly will cause
Root activity declines, and antagonistic ability declines, and easy infection germ causes dead seedling.
Invention content
Lead to that broad bean is tacky, easy damaged broad bean is tender in seeding process to solve to generate during broad bean vernalization harmful substance
The problems such as bud, root activity be low, easy dead seedling, the present invention provide a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seedling that cultivating healthy and strong vernalization seedling and cultivate
Method, this method comprises the following steps：
1) it soaks seed and sterilizes
Disease-free spot and small holes caused by worms, the big grain shape Broad Bean Seeds that crack-free, grain shape is full, size is more consistent are chosen, are soaked with clear water
Kind during seed soaking, divides 2~3 times to seed abundant imbibition and is sufficiently stirred cleaning, to remove the cement of the surface of the seed for 12~20 hours
Object takes out after infiltrating seed in thimerosal.
2) sabot and sowing
Using the seedling medium by sterilizing completely, is sprayed uniformly and be sufficiently stirred with clean water, until when being clutched with hand,
From webs water outlet be advisable, matrix is fitted into porous seedling culture hole plate, by by seed soaking imbibition disinfection after seed directly or warp
It is seeded into the matrix of seedling culture hole plate after rudiment processing；
3) low-temperature treatment library disc stack
Hole tray above after planting is moved into Freezing room, polydisc disc stack is one layer, is faced between disk and disk folded；With solid
Shelf is layered stacking, and every layer or entire three-dimensional shelf surrounding are covered with film, play moisture-keeping function；
4) low temperature vernalization treatment
The temperature of Freezing room is adjusted to 3 DEG C or so, 20~25 days standing times；
5) nursery
After low-temperature treatment, hole tray is transferred in rain-proof facility and carries out nursery；
6) it is colonized.
Preferably, with temperature control when Seed soaking at 15 DEG C~26 DEG C in the step 1)；After the completion of seed soaking, first is used
1000 times of base thiophanate or carbendazim sterilize, and are taken out at once after seed homogeneous immersion.
Preferably, the concrete operations that seed is directly seeded into the substrate soil of seedling culture hole plate in the step 2) are：
Using equipped with 50 holes or 30 hole seedling culture hole plates for moistening matrix, seed umbilical region downward, is wholly embedded into Medium Culture, after sowing is good,
Thin-layer matrix is covered above, and thin sprayer is used in combination or shines kettle and uniformly shines water on surface, until table matrix moistens；15~
Low temperature vernalization treatment is carried out after being placed 24~36 hours at a temperature of 26 DEG C.
Preferably, the seed in step 2) to be seeded into after rudiment is handled to the specific steps in the matrix of seedling culture hole plate
Including：Seed is placed in the container for being covered with moisturizing material, control temperature is between 15~26 DEG C, when the bud of seed germination is long
At 1~2 millimeter, successively by rudiment, at times by the seed of rudiment, often one, cave is seeded into Medium Culture to bud downward, and sowing gets well it
Afterwards, thin-layer matrix is covered above, and thin sprayer is used in combination or shines kettle and uniformly shines water on surface, until table matrix moistens, horse
Upper progress low temperature vernalization treatment.
Preferably, the hole tray in the step 5) is put on overhead seedbed, be conducive to the ventilated of root and hair
Root；Nursery initial stage removes sunshade net again if the megathermal period needs to use sunshade net Shading treatment after seedling adaptation.
Preferably,：Field planting method in the step 6) is：Be colonized in due course when seedling 4-5 piece leaves, such as be colonized when temperature compared with
Height, selection is cloudy or is colonized afternoon, to pour root water after field planting in time, suitably be shaded with sunshade net, timely to promote
It survives.
" Freezing room " of the present invention can be freezer or the lower equipment of other temperature.
" matrix " of the present invention refers to that matrix, such as peat soil or special seedling substrate are often used in nursery.
In a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method includes as follows
Step：
1) it soaks seed and sterilizes.Choose disease-free spot and small holes caused by worms, the big grain shape broad bean that crack-free, grain shape is full, size is more consistent
Seed, percentage of seedgermination require to reach 95% or more.It is soaked with clear water under 15 DEG C~26 DEG C environment of temperature according to seed size
Kind 12~20 hours, the abundant imbibition of seed of being subject to.During seed soaking, divides 2~3 times and be sufficiently stirred cleaning, to remove the surface of the seed
Mucilage.After the completion of seed soaking, is sterilized with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, taken out at once after seed homogeneous immersion.
2) sabot and sowing.Using the peat soil or special seedling substrate by sterilizing completely, sprayed with clean water uniform
And be sufficiently stirred, until when being clutched with hand, it is advisable from webs water outlet.Substrate soil is uniformly packed into 50 holes or 30 hole vegetables nursery caves
In disk.By the seed after seed soaking imbibition disinfection, under 15~26 DEG C of environment temperatures, 1. seed umbilical region downward, is wholly embedded into
In substrate soil, after sowing is good, thin-layer matrix soil is covered above, and thin sprayer is used in combination or shines kettle and is uniformly shone on surface
Water, until table soil moistens.Freezing room is moved into after placing 24~36 hours.Or 2. seed is placed on to the modeling for being covered with moisturizing material
In material frame or other containers, after seed germination (bud 1~2 millimeter in length within), by rudiment priority, at times by the seed of rudiment,
Bud is seeded into substrate soil per one, cave downward, after sowing is good, covers thin-layer matrix soil above, be used in combination thin sprayer or
It shines kettle and uniformly shines water on surface, until table soil moistens.Freezing room is moved at once.
3) low-temperature treatment library disc stack.Hole tray above after planting is moved into freezer or Freezing room, five disk disc stacks are one layer, disk
It is faced between disk folded.It is stacked with stereoscopic frame sublayering, every layer or entire three-dimensional shelf surrounding are covered with film, play guarantor
Wet effect.
4) low temperature vernalization treatment.The temperature of freezer or Freezing room is adjusted to 3 DEG C or so, 20~25 days standing times.Phase
Between need to pay special attention to the temperature stability in library, observe substrate soil humidity, be such as dried, moisture need to be replenished in time.
5) nursery.After low-temperature treatment, hole tray is transferred in rain-proof facility and carries out nursery, hole tray need to be put in overhead seedling
On bed, be conducive to the ventilated and root of hair of root.Nursery initial stage, as the megathermal period needs with the appropriate Shading treatment of sunshade net, to wait for
Seedling removes sunshade net again after adapting to.To pay special attention to the water management in hole tray during this, as evaporation capacity it is big in a period of, be suitable for
Fully water hole tray soil in the morning.The prevention of aphid is paid attention to simultaneously.
6) it is colonized.It is colonized in due course when 4~5 leaves of seedling.Temperature is higher when being such as colonized, and selection is cloudy or is determined afternoon
It plants.Root water is poured after field planting in time, is suitably shaded with sunshade net, to promote to survive in time.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method provided by the invention：
1) during seed soaking, take that temperature when being sufficiently stirred cleaning, control seed soaking, three measures of disinfection solve after seed soaking
Leading to the problem of harmful substance during broad bean sprout vernalization treatment causes broad bean epidermis tacky, improves emergence rate；And use base
Matter nursery improves seedling quality.
2) matrix hole plate seedling growth is utilized, disc stack low temperature vernalization treatment is carried out in seedling raising process, simplifies seedling vernalization treatment
Nursery process, solve the problems, such as that vernalization process slanders caused by root that planting percent is low, pest and disease damage weight, cultivates healthy and strong vernalization
Seedling.
3) compared with " fresh food broad bean vernalization treatment method " disclosed in CN102652484B, emergence rate improves 5% or more, seedling
Seedling fresh weight increases by 10% or more, and rice shoot dry weight increases by 3% or more, substantially increases seedling quality.
4) compared with " artificial jarovizing method for broad bean sprouts " disclosed in CN102907236B, planting percent improve 15% with
On, incidence reduces by 15% or more.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment
Broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method provided by the invention specifically includes following steps：
1) it soaks seed and sterilizes.August 16 days, selection disease-free spot and small holes caused by worms, crack-free, grain shape is full, size is more consistent, germination
Rate reaches 95% " kind silkworm No. 1 " 3300 grams of seed (being measured by one mu or so), is put into plastic containers, pours into clear water, to submerge kind
Son is advisable, and adjusting ambient temperature is to 20~25 DEG C.During seed soaking, divides 3 times and be sufficiently stirred cleaning, after soaking seed 16 hours, with more bacterium
1000 times of spirit sterilizes, and is taken out at once after seed homogeneous immersion.
2) sabot and sowing.The substrate soil that will be sterilized, is sprayed with clean water, is sufficiently stirred, until when being clutched with hand, from
Webs water outlet is advisable.Substrate soil is uniformly fitted into 50 hole vegetables seedling culture hole plates.By by seed soaking imbibition disinfection after seed,
Under 20~25 DEG C of environment temperatures, seed umbilical region downward, is wholly embedded into substrate soil, after sowing is good, covers thin-layer matrix above
Soil is used in combination thin sprayer or shines kettle and shine water on surface, until table soil moistens.Freezing room is moved into after placing 30 hours.
3) low-temperature treatment library disc stack.Hole tray above after planting is moved into freezer, five disk disc stacks are one layer, between disk and disk
It faces folded.It is stacked with stereoscopic frame sublayering, every layer or entire three-dimensional shelf surrounding are covered with film.
4) low temperature vernalization treatment.Temperature of ice house is adjusted to 3 DEG C or so, carries out low temperature vernalization treatment, is placed 25 days.Cold
Thermometer is placed in library, is observed at any time, it is ensured that temperature of ice house stability, while substrate soil humidity is observed, surface, which is dried, sprays water.
5) nursery.After low-temperature treatment, hole tray is transferred in idle greenhouse and carries out nursery, hole tray is put in overhead seedbed
On.The appropriate Shading treatment of sunshade net is used in combination, sunshade net is removed after 4 days.Ensure plug media soil moistening, morning by base after exsiccation
Matter soil fully waters.The prevention for paying attention to aphid simultaneously, is watered with Acetamiprid 1600 and is sprayed again.
6) it is colonized.In September field planting on 21 afternoon when 4 leaves of seedling.Root water is poured after field planting, is shaded with sunshade net.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method, it is characterised in that：This method comprises the following steps：
1) it soaks seed and sterilizes
Disease-free spot and small holes caused by worms, the big grain shape Broad Bean Seeds that crack-free, grain shape is full, size is more consistent are chosen, with Seed soaking 12
To the abundant imbibition of seed, during seed soaking, divide 2~3 times and be sufficiently stirred cleaning within~20 hours, to remove the mucilage of the surface of the seed,
It is taken out after seed is infiltrated in thimerosal.
2) sabot and sowing
Using the seedling medium by sterilizing completely, is sprayed uniformly and be sufficiently stirred with clean water, until when being clutched with hand, from finger
Seam water outlet is advisable, and matrix is fitted into porous seedling culture hole plate, by the seed after seed soaking imbibition disinfection directly or through rudiment
It is seeded into the matrix of seedling culture hole plate after processing；
3) low-temperature treatment library disc stack
Hole tray above after planting is moved into Freezing room, polydisc disc stack is one layer, is faced between disk and disk folded；With three-dimensional shelf
It is layered stacking, every layer or entire three-dimensional shelf surrounding are covered with film, play moisture-keeping function；
4) low temperature vernalization treatment
The temperature of Freezing room is adjusted to 3 DEG C or so, 20~25 days standing times；
5) nursery
After low-temperature treatment, hole tray is transferred in the facility with rain-proof and carries out nursery；
6) it is colonized.
2. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is used in the step 1)
Temperature control is at 15 DEG C~26 DEG C when Seed soaking；After the completion of seed soaking, with the 1000 times of disinfections of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, kind
It is taken out at once after sub- homogeneous immersion.
3. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It will in the step 2)
The concrete operations that seed is directly seeded into the substrate soil of seedling culture hole plate are：Using equipped with 50 holes or 30 hole nursery for moistening matrix
Hole tray, seed umbilical region downward, are wholly embedded into Medium Culture, after sowing is good, cover thin-layer matrix above, be used in combination thin sprayer or
Person shines kettle and uniformly shines water on surface, until table matrix moistens；It is carried out after being placed 24~36 hours at a temperature of 15~26 DEG C low
Warm vernalization treatment.
4. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By the kind in step 2)
The specific steps that son is seeded into after rudiment is handled in the matrix of seedling culture hole plate include：Seed is placed on and is covered with moisturizing material
In container, control temperature is between 15~26 DEG C, when the bud of seed germination grows 1~2 millimeter, successively by rudiment, at times will
The seed of rudiment, bud are seeded into Medium Culture per one, cave and cover thin-layer matrix above after sowing is good, thin spray is used in combination downward
Day with fog or solarization kettle uniformly shine water on surface, until table matrix moistens, carry out low temperature vernalization treatment at once.
5. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 5)
Hole tray is put on overhead seedbed, and the ventilated and root of hair of root is conducive to；Nursery initial stage, as the megathermal period needs to use sunshade net
Shading treatment removes sunshade net again after seedling adaptation.
6. a kind of broad bean vernalization matrix seeding cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 6)
Field planting method is：It is colonized in due course when 4~5 leaves of seedling, temperature is higher when being such as colonized, and selection is cloudy or is colonized afternoon, fixed
Root water is poured after plant in time, is suitably shaded with sunshade net, to promote to survive in time.
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| CN102652484A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-05 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Fresh broad bean vernalizing method |
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