CN104025987A - Dendrobium officinale planting method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025987A CN104025987A CN201410284005.1A CN201410284005A CN104025987A CN 104025987 A CN104025987 A CN 104025987A CN 201410284005 A CN201410284005 A CN 201410284005A CN 104025987 A CN104025987 A CN 104025987A
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- 241001264171 Dendrobium officinale Species 0.000 title abstract 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000006308 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003203 everyday Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002609 media Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000219430 Betula pendula Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010585 Ammi visnaga Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000005093 Ammi visnaga Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium permanganate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-naphthalen-1-ylacetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)OC)=CC=CC2=C1 YGGXZTQSGNFKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006870 ms-medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 within 10~15 days Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002046 Abrus precatorius Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Mercury(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000235546 Rhizopus stolonifer Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000034373 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002631 hypothermal Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002523 mercuric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010204 pine bark Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001850 reproductive Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001340 slower Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003917 Bambusa tulda Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004083 survival Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
Abstract
The invention relates to a dendrobium officinale planting method which includes: building a planting seedbed, selecting and processing substrate, preparing seedlings, performing artificial pollination, harvesting capsules, performing capsule processing and inoculation, performing protocorm value-added culture, performing strong seedling rooting culture, taking strong seedlings out of bottles and planting, performing seedling management on the seedlings, managing the grown-up seedlings again, harvesting, checking and storing, cutting fresh dendrobium officinale into sections after impurity removing and cleaning, drying at low temperature of 60 DEG C to allow the water content of the dendrobium officinale not to exceed 12%, and placing the dried dendrobium officinale at a ventilated and dry place to prevent dampness. The dendrobium officinale planting method is high in economical benefit, low in planting cost and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural planting technique field, relate to a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum is one of kind the most precious in China's the orchid family Dendrobium Sw.Because having, it strengthens immunity of organisms, antitumor, anti-ageing and effectively alleviate the effects such as hepatic injury; in 2010, in version < < Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China > >, classified separately as medicinal material simply; due to the destruction of artificially excessively excavating with ecotope; in addition himself reproduction rate is low; wild dendrobium candidum resource is day by day exhausted, by country, is classified as the rare or endangered species that secondary is laid special stress on protecting.Now, artificial planting dendrobium candidum has become the main path that meets great market demand.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the invention provides a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, it can improve the survival rate of dendrobium candidum greatly, has saved the time of cultivating, has improved economic benefit and be beneficial to implant mass.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of dendrobium candidum implantation methods, and its processing step is:
The first step: build plantation seedbed, adopt angle bar or the wooden bedstead of doing of bamboo, fixing bedside 1m, long 5m; The height of bed can be high definite according to the ridge of canopy, generally should be lower than 20cm not higher than 70cm, and bed surface plastics plain net is as the supporting surface of matrix, and top, seedbed 50 to the 80cm high shower nozzles that spraying is housed, can control spray time;
Second step: the selection of matrix and processing, select pine bark as cultivation matrix, matrix will be sterilized before using, and matrix can be used the method disinfections such as boiling, Exposure to Sunlight and immersion; Water content of substrate is 60% left and right, and matrix is layered on bed surface, shakeouts, and thickness is generally 5 to 8cm;
The 3rd step: seedling is prepared, and the dendrobium candidum seedling of the autonomous seed selection in variety adoption base is cultivated Miao Yuan as group;
The 4th step: artificial pollination, select more than 2 years without damage by disease and insect, and possesses the fine individual plant of this kind characteristic feature, early flowering season is chosen white anther cap with toothpick, to expose yellow pollen, with toothpick, dip, invest gently the recess of maternal plant gynoecium, the relevant informations such as the rear listing mark father of pollination, female parent and pollination time;
The 5th step: capsule is gathered, pollination is by 40 to 60 days, when outstanding achievement appearance is started to become when light yellow from green, fruit maturation and cracking is not gathered in time; After gathering, with clean paper handkerchief, wrap, be placed in 5～10 ℃ of refrigerators stand-by, the holding time is unsuitable long;
The 6th step: capsule is processed and inoculation, the capsule of gathering is placed in 75% alcohol and carries out surface sterilization 30 seconds, with sterile water wash once after, be placed in 0.1% mercuric chloride and sterilize 20 minutes, in disinfecting process, want intermittent oscillation, that sterilization is abundant, after finishing, use aseptic water washing 3～5 times, under aseptic condition, fruit is cut, seed is spread on the MS medium that 5-10 bottle configured equably, and culture environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 60%, illumination is 1000 luxs, and the light application time of every day is 12 hours.Through about 50 days, in bottle, grow protocorm, observed and recorded differential growth situation;
The 7th step: protocorm increment is cultivated, the stalwartness will induction producing, the normal protocorm of growth color carries out cutting to be transferred to breed on MS minimal medium and expands bottle, and medium also needs to add 12% murphy juice and 0.5% methyl α-naphthyl acetate.Putting environment is 24～26 ℃ of temperature, and humidity is 60%, and illumination is 2000 luxs, and every day, light application time was 14 hours, cultivate 50～60 days, and in incubation, observed and recorded upgrowth situation;
The 8th step: strengthening seedling and rooting is cultivated, when the seedling 2～3cm of protocorm differentiation, by the size fractionation of seedling, transplant in MS medium (medium is containing 1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate) and cultivate, transplant 60 strains for every bottle, storing environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 60%, illumination is 2500～3000 luxs, illumination every day 18 hours, carries out culture of rootage with this understanding, within 60 days, observes afterwards and records height of seedling, the growing states such as root system number, when seedling reaches 4 more than leaf, more than plant height 3cm, during the above condition of 3 of roots, without carrying out hardening, can carry out outdoor planting;
The 9th step: bottle outlet, medium is taken out gently together with seedling, be placed in large basin and clean up with clear water, suitably classification is placed in 1000 times of liquid of 70% potassium permanganate and soaks seedling 5～10 minutes, is placed in to dry under scattered light to wait to plant to the root deliquescing of turning white for 5～7 hours;
The tenth step: plantation, the weather in Guangdong Province of take is standard, and in annual March～all can transplant by the end of November, best plantation period is spring, Qiu Liangji, and clump is planted, and take 3 to 4 strains as one clump, by 8cm * 10cm line-spacing, plants.During plantation, will handle with care, not break fleshy root as far as possible, planting depth is 2～3cm.Different brackets seedling is plantation separately, convenient management.According to different seedbeds pattern, it is 2.4 ten thousand clumps of left and right that every mu of booth is planted seedling quantity;
The 11 step: seedling management, transplant 7～15 days seedling initial stages, atomized water spray in canopy, keeps the interior humidity of canopy in 80% left and right, available 80 object sunshade net sunshades; Transplant 15～30 days, seedling grows new root, starts to send out sprouting, and the drenched matrix of watering is advisable, and in canopy, relative air humidity is advisable with 70～80%, available 70 order sunshade net sunshades, and note ventilating, now can execute slow-release fertilizer or organic fertilizer that N:P:K is 1:1:1; After 11～30 days, seedling starts to enter fast growing period, can spray composite fertilizer or the organic fertilizer of 1 1:1500 times of liquid in conjunction with watering at every turn, and cup is planted seedling and within general 1～2 day, drenched a water; Bed is planted seedling can drench a water in 2～5 days according to the moistening degree of matrix, can drench matrix top layer 2cm left and right for degree;
The 12 step: become seedling management in age,
During spring in 3～May, outside air temperature gos up gradually, air is more moistening, plant starts growth, basal part of stem is sprouted sprouting, grows new root, and now seedling increases gradually to liquid manure demand, a water of every mornings 7 point～10 spray during fine day, wetting stromal surface, and can be in conjunction with trickle, each pouring executed liquid manure one time, dilute 1000 times of liquid, within 10～15 days, spray a sterilization (worm) agent, full exposure, suitable shading when noon, sunlight was fierce, in canopy, keep ventilated, " going back to Nan Tian ", will carry out mandatory ventilation;
During summer in 6～August, weather is hot and humid, it is dendrobium candidum vigorous growth season, also be cultivation management important period, temperature is many 30 ℃ of left and right, this period is sunny, should avoid sunlight directly to shine, easily there is " sunscald " in carelessness slightly, every day, 11:00-16:00 canopy planted agent started two net shadings under normal circumstances, shading 30-50%, and improve ventilation condition in canopy, in hot weather plant body, water consumption is larger, should supplement in time, every day is except morning normal trickle, afternoon, post sunset increased pouring once, from 5-9 month, every two weeks is executed disposable fertilizer, depending on Changes in weather situation, determine liquid manure consumption, temperature is 35 ℃ of left and right, want discontinuity to sprinkle water earthward, with high humidity, lower the temperature.Note leaf spot and soft rot, discovery diseased plant is removed in time, avoids in high temperature and the fertilising of high light time;
During autumn in 9～November, temperature declines gradually, day and night temperature is about 5～10 ℃, temperature now and temperature range are extremely conducive to effective accumulation of organic principle in plant body, top grows termination leaf during this time, plant is from nourishing and growing toward reproductive growth transition, pseudobulb increases the thick increase stage, now should increase intensity of illumination in canopy, shorten the shading time, sufficient illumination is conducive to generation and the accumulation of nutriment, still likely there is high temperature in weather now, note also according to weather condition adjustment and ventilate, cooling, guaranteeing that matrix is not under the prerequisite of ponding, keep moistening, avoid the long-term overdrying of matrix, otherwise be also unfavorable for plant strain growth, regularly carry out artificial weeding and loose matrix, the insect pest of finding is carried out to artificial capture method,
During winter approached, progress into hypothermic phase 12～February, and now plant strain growth is slowly to stopping growing, and in stem stalk body, content of organics reaches maximum.Flower bud differentiation completes, and part stipes slowly completes bud elongation, inflorescence and flower bud development until bloom, and plant grows and slows down in the time of 10～15 ℃, in the time of≤10 ℃, stops growing, and can resist the microthermal climate of short-term≤5 ℃.Now full exposure in canopy, reduces trickle number of times in the time of≤10 ℃, within 7～10 days, is once advisable, and tries not to pour blade during operation.Within 10～15 days, drench once balanced fertile (2000 times of water liquid);
The 13 step: gather, suitable collecting time is June November to next year, adopts the old new and herb 2 kinds of modes of gathering of staying, carry out adopt old stay new, 20 months acrial part plant in vegetative period above of gathering;
The 14 step: check and accept and storage, after gathering, reject in time diseased plant, according to related standards such as < < Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China > >, company standard and purchase orders, detect the projects such as polysaccharide, moisture, agricultural chemicals, heavy-metal residual; Iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product is placed in shady and cool moist place;
The 15 step: fresh goods by removal of impurities, clean after low temperature drying at segment, 60 ℃, water content is no more than 12%, dry product is placed in aeration-drying place, protection against the tide.
In described the 8th step, according to seedling size, be divided into qualified clusters training seedling and high-quality seedling, described qualified clusters training seedling standard: 2 to 5 of roots, 4 leaves, plant height >=2.5cm, stem is thick >=0.2cm; Described high-quality seedling standard: 3 to 5 of roots, 6 leaves, plant height >=4.0cm, stem is thick >=0.3cm.
When described the tenth step, need to use inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer to apply fertilizer.
In described the tenth step, should be noted that in canopy and have higher humidity and weak illumination, matrix is not dry does not water, so that inducing rooting, field planting can be sprayed low concentration tpn after 3 days carries out prevention of damage by disease.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the seedling active constituent content of selecting is high and stable, disease resistance is stablized by force, the conduct group of high yield suitable local plantation is cultivated Miao Yuan, guaranteed the survival rate of planting process seedling, there is higher economic benefit, and be conducive to establishing in large scale, have that economic benefit is high, planting cost is low, popularize easy feature.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
A dendrobium candidum implantation methods, its processing step is:
The first step: build plantation seedbed, adopt angle bar or the wooden bedstead of doing of bamboo, fixing bedside 1m, long 5m; The height of bed can be high definite according to the ridge of canopy, generally should be lower than 20cm not higher than 70cm, and bed surface plastics plain net is as the supporting surface of matrix, and top, seedbed 50 to the 80cm high shower nozzles that spraying is housed, can control spray time;
Second step: the selection of matrix and processing, select pine bark as cultivation matrix, matrix will be sterilized before using, and matrix can be used the method disinfections such as boiling, Exposure to Sunlight and immersion; Water content of substrate is 60% left and right, and matrix is layered on bed surface, shakeouts, and thickness is generally 5 to 8cm;
The 3rd step: seedling is prepared, and the dendrobium candidum seedling of the autonomous seed selection in variety adoption base is cultivated Miao Yuan as group;
The 4th step: artificial pollination, select more than 2 years without damage by disease and insect, and possesses the fine individual plant of this kind characteristic feature, early flowering season is chosen white anther cap with toothpick, to expose yellow pollen, with toothpick, dip, invest gently the recess of maternal plant gynoecium, the relevant informations such as the rear listing mark father of pollination, female parent and pollination time;
The 5th step: capsule is gathered, pollination is by 40 to 60 days, when outstanding achievement appearance is started to become when light yellow from green, fruit maturation and cracking is not gathered in time; After gathering, with clean paper handkerchief, wrap, be placed in 5～10 ℃ of refrigerators stand-by, the holding time is unsuitable long;
The 6th step: capsule is processed and inoculation, the capsule of gathering is placed in 75% alcohol and carries out surface sterilization 30 seconds, with sterile water wash once after, be placed in 0.1% mercuric chloride and sterilize 20 minutes, in disinfecting process, want intermittent oscillation, that sterilization is abundant, after finishing, use aseptic water washing 3～5 times, under aseptic condition, fruit is cut, seed is spread on the MS medium that 5-10 bottle configured equably, and culture environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 60%, illumination is 1000 luxs, and the light application time of every day is 12 hours.Through about 50 days, in bottle, grow protocorm, observed and recorded differential growth situation;
The 7th step: protocorm increment is cultivated, the stalwartness will induction producing, the normal protocorm of growth color carries out cutting to be transferred to breed on MS minimal medium and expands bottle, and medium also needs to add 12% murphy juice and 0.5% methyl α-naphthyl acetate.Putting environment is 24～26 ℃ of temperature, and humidity is 60%, and illumination is 2000 luxs, and every day, light application time was 14 hours, cultivate 50～60 days, and in incubation, observed and recorded upgrowth situation;
The 8th step: strengthening seedling and rooting is cultivated, when the seedling 2～3cm of protocorm differentiation, by the size fractionation of seedling, transplant in MS medium (medium is containing 1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate) and cultivate, transplant 60 strains for every bottle, storing environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 60%, illumination is 2500～3000 luxs, illumination every day 18 hours, carries out culture of rootage with this understanding, within 60 days, observes afterwards and records height of seedling, the growing states such as root system number, when seedling reaches 4 more than leaf, more than plant height 3cm, during the above condition of 3 of roots, without carrying out hardening, can carry out outdoor planting;
The 9th step: bottle outlet, medium is taken out gently together with seedling, be placed in large basin and clean up with clear water, suitably classification is placed in 1000 times of liquid of 70% potassium permanganate and soaks seedling 5～10 minutes, is placed in to dry under scattered light to wait to plant to the root deliquescing of turning white for 5～7 hours;
The tenth step: plantation, the weather in Guangdong Province of take is standard, and in annual March～all can transplant by the end of November, best plantation period is spring, Qiu Liangji, and clump is planted, and take 3 to 4 strains as one clump, by 8cm * 10cm line-spacing, plants.During plantation, will handle with care, not break fleshy root as far as possible, planting depth is 2～3cm.Different brackets seedling is plantation separately, convenient management.According to different seedbeds pattern, it is 2.4 ten thousand clumps of left and right that every mu of booth is planted seedling quantity;
The 11 step: seedling management, transplant 7～15 days seedling initial stages, atomized water spray in canopy, keeps the interior humidity of canopy in 80% left and right, available 80 object sunshade net sunshades; Transplant 15～30 days, seedling grows new root, starts to send out sprouting, and the drenched matrix of watering is advisable, and in canopy, relative air humidity is advisable with 70～80%, available 70 order sunshade net sunshades, and note ventilating, now can execute slow-release fertilizer or organic fertilizer that N:P:K is 1:1:1; After 11～30 days, seedling starts to enter fast growing period, can spray composite fertilizer or the organic fertilizer of 1 1:1500 times of liquid in conjunction with watering at every turn, and cup is planted seedling and within general 1～2 day, drenched a water; Bed is planted seedling can drench a water in 2～5 days according to the moistening degree of matrix, can drench matrix top layer 2cm left and right for degree;
The 12 step: become seedling management in age
During spring in 3～May, outside air temperature gos up gradually, air is more moistening, plant starts growth, basal part of stem is sprouted sprouting, grows new root, and now seedling increases gradually to liquid manure demand, a water of every mornings 7 point～10 spray during fine day, wetting stromal surface, and can be in conjunction with trickle, each pouring executed liquid manure one time, dilute 1000 times of liquid, within 10～15 days, spray a sterilization (worm) agent, full exposure, suitable shading when noon, sunlight was fierce, in canopy, keep ventilated, " going back to Nan Tian ", will carry out mandatory ventilation;
During summer in 6～August, weather is hot and humid, it is dendrobium candidum vigorous growth season, also be cultivation management important period, temperature is many 30 ℃ of left and right, this period is sunny, should avoid sunlight directly to shine, easily there is " sunscald " in carelessness slightly, every day, 11:00-16:00 canopy planted agent started two net shadings under normal circumstances, shading 30-50%, and improve ventilation condition in canopy, in hot weather plant body, water consumption is larger, should supplement in time, every day is except morning normal trickle, afternoon, post sunset increased pouring once, from 5-9 month, every two weeks is executed disposable fertilizer, depending on Changes in weather situation, determine liquid manure consumption, temperature is 35 ℃ of left and right, want discontinuity to sprinkle water earthward, with high humidity, lower the temperature.Note leaf spot and soft rot, discovery diseased plant is removed in time, avoids in high temperature and the fertilising of high light time;
During autumn in 9～November, temperature declines gradually, day and night temperature is about 5～10 ℃, temperature now and temperature range are extremely conducive to effective accumulation of organic principle in plant body, top grows termination leaf during this time, plant is from nourishing and growing toward reproductive growth transition, pseudobulb increases the thick increase stage, now should increase intensity of illumination in canopy, shorten the shading time, sufficient illumination is conducive to generation and the accumulation of nutriment, still likely there is high temperature in weather now, note also according to weather condition adjustment and ventilate, cooling, guaranteeing that matrix is not under the prerequisite of ponding, keep moistening, avoid the long-term overdrying of matrix, otherwise be also unfavorable for plant strain growth, regularly carry out artificial weeding and loose matrix, the insect pest of finding is carried out to artificial capture method,
During winter approached, progress into hypothermic phase 12～February, and now plant strain growth is slowly to stopping growing, and in stem stalk body, content of organics reaches maximum.Flower bud differentiation completes, and part stipes slowly completes bud elongation, inflorescence and flower bud development until bloom, and plant grows and slows down in the time of 10～15 ℃, in the time of≤10 ℃, stops growing, and can resist the microthermal climate of short-term≤5 ℃.Now full exposure in canopy, reduces trickle number of times in the time of≤10 ℃, within 7～10 days, is once advisable, and tries not to pour blade during operation.Within 10～15 days, drench once balanced fertile (2000 times of water liquid);
The 13 step: gather, suitable collecting time is June November to next year, adopts the old new and herb 2 kinds of modes of gathering of staying, carry out adopt old stay new, 20 months acrial part plant in vegetative period above of gathering;
The 14 step: check and accept and storage, after gathering, reject in time diseased plant, according to related standards such as < < Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China > >, company standard and purchase orders, detect the projects such as polysaccharide, moisture, agricultural chemicals, heavy-metal residual; Iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product is placed in shady and cool moist place;
The 15 step: fresh goods by removal of impurities, clean after low temperature drying at segment, 60 ℃, water content is no more than 12%, dry product is placed in aeration-drying place, protection against the tide.
In described the 8th step, according to seedling size, be divided into qualified clusters training seedling and high-quality seedling, described qualified clusters training seedling standard: 2 to 5 of roots, 4 leaves, plant height >=2.5cm, stem is thick >=0.2cm; Described high-quality seedling standard: 3 to 5 of roots, 6 leaves, plant height >=4.0cm, stem is thick >=0.3cm.
When described the tenth step, need to use inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer to apply fertilizer.
In described the tenth step, should be noted that in canopy and have higher humidity and weak illumination, matrix is not dry does not water, so that inducing rooting, field planting can be sprayed low concentration tpn after 3 days carries out prevention of damage by disease.
The seedling active constituent content that the present invention selects is high and stable, disease resistance is stablized by force, the conduct group of high yield suitable local plantation is cultivated Miao Yuan, guaranteed the survival rate of planting process seedling, there is higher economic benefit, and be conducive to establishing in large scale, have that economic benefit is high, planting cost is low, popularize easy feature.
Claims (4)
1. a dendrobium candidum implantation methods, is characterized in that processing step is:
The first step: build plantation seedbed, adopt angle bar or the wooden bedstead of doing of bamboo, fixing bedside 1m, long 5m; The height of bed can be high definite according to the ridge of canopy, generally should be lower than 20cm not higher than 70cm, and bed surface plastics plain net is as the supporting surface of matrix, and top, seedbed 50 to the 80cm high shower nozzles that spraying is housed, can control spray time;
Second step: the selection of matrix and processing, select pine bark as cultivation matrix, matrix will be sterilized before using, and matrix can be used the method disinfections such as boiling, Exposure to Sunlight and immersion; Water content of substrate is 60% left and right, and matrix is layered on bed surface, shakeouts, and thickness is generally 5 to 8cm;
The 3rd step: seedling is prepared, and the dendrobium candidum seedling of the autonomous seed selection in variety adoption base is cultivated Miao Yuan as group;
The 4th step: artificial pollination, select more than 2 years without damage by disease and insect, and possesses the fine individual plant of this kind characteristic feature, early flowering season is chosen white anther cap with toothpick, to expose yellow pollen, with toothpick, dip, invest gently the recess of maternal plant gynoecium, the relevant informations such as the rear listing mark father of pollination, female parent and pollination time;
The 5th step: capsule is gathered, pollination is by 40 to 60 days, when outstanding achievement appearance is started to become when light yellow from green, fruit maturation and cracking is not gathered in time; After gathering, with clean paper handkerchief, wrap, be placed in 5～10 ℃ of refrigerators stand-by, the holding time is unsuitable long;
The 6th step: capsule is processed and inoculation, the capsule of gathering is placed in 75% alcohol and carries out surface sterilization 30 seconds, with sterile water wash once after, be placed in 0.1% mercuric chloride and sterilize 20 minutes, in disinfecting process, want intermittent oscillation, that sterilization is abundant, after finishing, use aseptic water washing 3～5 times, under aseptic condition, fruit is cut, seed is spread on the MS medium that 5-10 bottle configured equably, culture environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 60%, illumination is 1000 luxs, the light application time of every day is 12 hours, through about 50 days, in bottle, grow protocorm, observed and recorded differential growth situation,
The 7th step: protocorm increment is cultivated, the stalwartness that induction is produced, growth color normal protocorm carries out cutting to be transferred on MS minimal medium and breed and expand bottle, and medium also needs to add 12% murphy juice and 0.5% methyl α-naphthyl acetate, and storing environment is 24～26 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 60%, illumination is 2000 luxs, and every day, light application time was 14 hours, cultivates 50～60 days, in incubation, observed and recorded upgrowth situation;
The 8th step: strengthening seedling and rooting is cultivated, when the seedling 2～3cm of protocorm differentiation, by the size fractionation of seedling, transplant in MS medium (medium is containing 1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate) and cultivate, transplant 60 strains for every bottle, storing environment is: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, humidity is 60%, illumination is 2500～3000 luxs, illumination every day 18 hours, carries out culture of rootage with this understanding, within 60 days, observes afterwards and records height of seedling, the growing states such as root system number, when seedling reaches 4 more than leaf, more than plant height 3cm, during the above condition of 3 of roots, without carrying out hardening, can carry out outdoor planting;
The 9th step: bottle outlet, medium is taken out gently together with seedling, be placed in large basin and clean up with clear water, suitably classification is placed in 1000 times of liquid of 70% potassium permanganate and soaks seedling 5～10 minutes, is placed in to dry under scattered light to wait to plant to the root deliquescing of turning white for 5～7 hours;
The tenth step: plantation, the weather in Guangdong Province of take is standard, and in annual March～all can transplant by the end of November, best plantation period is spring, Qiu Liangji, clump is planted, take 3 to 4 strains as one clump, by the plantation of 8cm * 10cm line-spacing, during plantation, will handle with care, do not break fleshy root as far as possible, planting depth is 2～3cm, and different brackets seedling is plantation separately, convenient management; According to different seedbeds pattern, it is 2.4 ten thousand clumps of left and right that every mu of booth is planted seedling quantity;
The 11 step: seedling management, transplant 7～15 days seedling initial stages, atomized water spray in canopy, keeps the interior humidity of canopy in 80% left and right, available 80 object sunshade net sunshades; Transplant 15～30 days, seedling grows new root, starts to send out sprouting, and the drenched matrix of watering is advisable, and in canopy, relative air humidity is advisable with 70～80%, available 70 order sunshade net sunshades, and note ventilating, now can execute slow-release fertilizer or organic fertilizer that N:P:K is 1:1:1; After 11～30 days, seedling starts to enter fast growing period, can spray composite fertilizer or the organic fertilizer of 1 1:1500 times of liquid in conjunction with watering at every turn, and cup is planted seedling and within general 1～2 day, drenched a water; Bed is planted seedling can drench a water in 2～5 days according to the moistening degree of matrix, can drench matrix top layer 2cm left and right for degree;
The 12 step: become seedling management in age,
During spring in 3～May, outside air temperature gos up gradually, air is more moistening, plant starts growth, basal part of stem is sprouted sprouting, grows new root, and now seedling increases gradually to liquid manure demand, a water of every mornings 7 point～10 spray during fine day, wetting stromal surface, and can be in conjunction with trickle, each pouring executed liquid manure one time, dilute 1000 times of liquid, within 10～15 days, spray a sterilization (worm) agent, full exposure, suitable shading when noon, sunlight was fierce, in canopy, keep ventilated, " going back to Nan Tian ", will carry out mandatory ventilation;
During summer in 6～August, weather is hot and humid, it is dendrobium candidum vigorous growth season, also be cultivation management important period, temperature is many 30 ℃ of left and right, this period is sunny, should avoid sunlight directly to shine, easily there is " sunscald " in carelessness slightly, every day, 11:00-16:00 canopy planted agent started two net shadings under normal circumstances, shading 30-50%, and improve ventilation condition in canopy, in hot weather plant body, water consumption is larger, should supplement in time, every day is except morning normal trickle, afternoon, post sunset increased pouring once, from 5-9 month, every two weeks is executed disposable fertilizer, depending on Changes in weather situation, determine liquid manure consumption, temperature is 35 ℃ of left and right, want discontinuity to sprinkle water earthward, with high humidity, lower the temperature, note leaf spot and soft rot, diseased plant is removed in time in discovery, avoid in high temperature and the fertilising of high light time,
During autumn in 9～November, temperature declines gradually, day and night temperature is about 5～10 ℃, temperature now and temperature range are extremely conducive to effective accumulation of organic principle in plant body, top grows termination leaf during this time, plant is from nourishing and growing toward reproductive growth transition, pseudobulb increases the thick increase stage, now should increase intensity of illumination in canopy, shorten the shading time, sufficient illumination is conducive to generation and the accumulation of nutriment, still likely there is high temperature in weather now, note also according to weather condition adjustment and ventilate, cooling, guaranteeing that matrix is not under the prerequisite of ponding, keep moistening, avoid the long-term overdrying of matrix, otherwise be also unfavorable for plant strain growth, regularly carry out artificial weeding and loose matrix, the insect pest of finding is carried out to artificial capture method,
12～February is during winter approached, progress into hypothermic phase, now plant strain growth is slowly to stopping growing, in stem stalk body, content of organics reaches maximum, flower bud differentiation completes, and part stipes slowly completes bud elongation, inflorescence and flower bud development until bloom, and plant grows and slows down in the time of 10～15 ℃, in the time of≤10 ℃, stop growing, can resist the microthermal climate of short-term≤5 ℃; Now full exposure in canopy, reduces trickle number of times in the time of≤10 ℃, within 7～10 days, is once advisable, and tries not to pour blade during operation, within 10～15 days, drenches once balanced fertile (2000 times of water liquid);
The 13 step: gather, suitable collecting time is June November to next year, adopts the old new and herb 2 kinds of modes of gathering of staying, carry out adopt old stay new, 20 months acrial part plant in vegetative period above of gathering;
The 14 step: check and accept and storage, after gathering, reject in time diseased plant, according to related standards such as < < Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China > >, company standard and purchase orders, detect the projects such as polysaccharide, moisture, agricultural chemicals, heavy-metal residual; Iron-sheet dendrobe fresh product is placed in shady and cool moist place;
The 15 step: fresh goods by removal of impurities, clean after low temperature drying at segment, 60 ℃, water content is no more than 12%, dry product is placed in aeration-drying place, protection against the tide.
2. dendrobium candidum implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described the 8th step, according to seedling size, be divided into qualified clusters training seedling and high-quality seedling, described qualified clusters training seedling standard: 2 to 5 of roots, and 4 leaves, plant height >=2.5cm, stem is thick >=0.2cm; Described high-quality seedling standard: 3 to 5 of roots, 6 leaves, plant height >=4.0cm, stem is thick >=0.3cm.
3. dendrobium candidum implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: when described the tenth step, need to use inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer to apply fertilizer.
4. dendrobium candidum implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the tenth step, should be noted that and in canopy, have higher humidity and weak illumination, matrix is not dry does not water, so that inducing rooting, field planting can be sprayed low concentration tpn after 3 days carries out prevention of damage by disease.
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